Readers' interpretations of visual and verbal narratives of a National Geographic story on Saudi Arabia

Journalism

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 798-818

  Mendelson, Andrew L ^a,b   Darling Wolf, Fabienne ^a,b  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Mass Media and Communication Doctoral Program   (United States)

Author keywords

National Geographic magazine; Photo stories; Photojournalism; Visual verbal narratives

Indexed keywords

EID: 77950303610     PISSN: 14648849     EISSN: 17413001     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1464884909344481     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Abramson, Howard S. (1987) National Geographic: Behind America's Lens on the World. New York: Crown Publishers
2. Agee, James and Walker Evans (1960) Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin
3. Allen, William A. (2003) 'From the Editor', National Geographic Magazine 204(4)
4. Allner, Michel (2000) 'Mainstreaming the World at the National Geographic Society: Para-educational Images and Cultural Commodities for the Family of Members', Revue Française D'Etudes Américaines 85: 60-70
5. Alloula, Malek (1986) The Colonial Harem. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
6. Barthes, Roland (1977) Image - Music - Text. New York: Hill and Wang
7. Block, Bernard (1984) 'Romance and High Purpose: The National Geographic', Wilson Library Bulletin 58(5): 333-337
8. Collins, Jane L. and Catherine A. Lutz (1992) 'Becoming America's Lens on the World: National Geographic in the Twentieth Century', The South Atlantic Quarterly 91(1): 161-191
9. David, Prabu (1998) 'News Concreteness and Visual-verbal Association: Do News Pictures Narrow the Recall Gap between Concrete and Abstract News?', Human Communication Research 25: 180-201
10. Drew, Dan G. and Thomas Grimes (1987) 'Audio-visual Redundancy and TV News Recall', Communication Research 14(4): 452-461
11. Fiske, John (1990) Introduction to Communication Studies. London: Routledge
12. Garcia, Mario R. and Peggie Stark (1991) Eyes on the News. St Petersburg, FL: Poynter Institute
13. Gentner, Dedre and Elizabeth F. Loftus (1979) 'Integration of Verbal and Visual Information as Evidenced by Distortions in Picture Memory', American Journal of Psychology 92(2): 363-375
14. Graber, Doris A. (1985) 'Approaches to Content Analysis of Television News Programs', Communications 11(2): 25-36
15. Graber, Doris A. (1990) 'Seeing Is Remembering: How Visuals Contribute to Learning from Television News', Journal of Communication 40(3): 134-155
16. Grimes, Thomas (1990) 'Encoding TV News Messages into Memory', Journalism Quarterly 67(4): 757-766
17. Grimes, Thomas and Robert Drechsel (1996) 'Word-picture Juxtaposition, Schemata, and Defamation in Television News', Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73(1): 169-190
18. Hamilton, David L., Steven J. Sherman and Catherine M. Ruvolo (1990) 'Stereotype-based Expectancies: Effects on Information Processing and Social Behavior', Journal of Social Issues 46(2): 35-60
19. Hicks, Wilson (1952) Words and Pictures. New York: Arno Press
20. Hill, Charles A. (2004) 'The Psychology of Rhetorical Images', in C. A. Hill and M. Helmers (eds) Defining Visual Rhetorics, pp. 25-40. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
21. Hunter, Jefferson (1987) Image and Word: The Interaction of Twentieth Century Photographs and Text. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
22. Hyndman, David (2002) 'Indigenous Representation of the T'boli and the Tasaday Lost Tribe Controversy in Postcolonial Philippines: Interpreting the Eroticized, Effeminising Gaze in National Geographic', Social Identities 8(1): 45-66
23. Kalish, Stanley E. and Clifton C. Edom (1951) Picture Editing. New York: Rinehart
24. Koblinsky, Sally G., Donna F. Cruse and Alan I. Sugawara (1978) 'Sex Role Stereotypes and Children's Memory for Story Content', Child Development 49: 452-458
25. Kobre, Kenneth (2004) Photojournalism: The Professionals' Approach. Burlington, MA: Focal Press
26. Krueger, Richard A. and Mary Anne Casey (2000) Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research, 3rd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
27. Lang, Annie (1995) 'Defining Audio/Video Redundancy from a Limited-capacity Information Processing Perspective', Communication Research 22(1): 86-115
28. Lang, Annie, Robert F. Potter and Paul D. Bolls (1999) 'Something for Nothing: Is Visual Encoding Automatic?', Media Psychology 1(2): 145-164
29. Levie, W. Howard and Richard Lentz (1982) 'Effect of Text Illustrations: A Review of Research', Education and Communication Technology Journal 30: 195-232
30. Lutz, Catherine A. and Jane L. Collins (1993) Reading National Geographic. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
31. Magazine Publishers of America (2006) 'Average Total Paid and Verified Circulation for Top 100 ABC Magazines', URL (consulted January 2008): http://www.magazine.org/Circulation/circulation-trends-and-magazine-handbook/ 22175.cfm
32. Mendelson, Andrew L. (2001) 'Effects of Novelty in News Photographs on Attention and Memory', Media Psychology 3: 119-157
33. Mendelson, Andrew L. and Esther L. Thorson (2003) 'The Impact of News Stories and Photos on the Processing of Information about Hillary Rodham Clinton', The New Jersey Journal of Communication 11(2): 135-148
34. Messaris, Paul (1994) Visual Literacy: Image, Mind and Reality. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
35. Messaris, Paul (1997) Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in Advertising. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
36. Mintzer, Miriam Z. and Joan G. Snodgrass (1999) 'The Picture Superiority Effect: Support for the Distinctiveness Model', American Journal of Psychology 112(1): 115-146
37. Mitchell, W. J. T. (1994) Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
38. Moors, Annelies (1996) 'On Appearance and Disappearance: Representing Women in Palestine under the British Mandate', Thamyris 3(2): 279-310
39. Nelson, Douglas L. (1979) 'Remembering Pictures and Words: Appearance, Significance, and Name', in L. S. Cermak and F. I. M. Craik (eds) Levels of Processing in Human Memory, pp. 45-76. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
40. Nelson, Douglas L., Valerie S. Reed and John R. Walling (1976) 'Pictorial Superiority', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 2(5): 523-528
41. Neuhaus, Jessamyn (1997) 'Colonizing the Coffee Table: National Geographic Magazine and Erasure of Difference in the Representation of Women', American Periodicals 7: 1-26
42. Neuman, W. Russell, Marion R. Just and Ann N. Crigler (1992) Common Knowledge: News and the Construction of Political Meaning. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
43. Nichols, Bill (1991) Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
44. Nordstrom, Alison Devine (1992) 'Wood Nymphs and Patriots: Depictions of Samoans in the National Geographic Magazine', Visual Sociology 7(2): 49-59
45. Owen, William (1992) Modern Magazine Design. New York: William C. Brown
46. Paivio, Allan (1971) Imagery and Verbal Processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
47. Paivio, Allan and Kalman Csapo (1973) 'Picture Superiority in Free Recall: Imagery or Dual Coding', Cognitive Psychology 5: 176-206
48. Parameswaran, Radhika (2002) 'Local Culture in Global Media: Excavating Colonial and Material Discourses in National Geographic', Communication Theory 12(3): 287-315
49. Pauly, Philip J. (1979) 'The World and All That Is In It: The National Geographic Society, 1888-1918', American Quarterly 31: 517-532
50. Pezdek, Kathy (1977) 'Cross-modality Semantic Integration of Sentence and Picture Memory', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 3(5): 515-524
51. Poole, Robert M. (2004) Explorers House: National Geographic and the World it Made. New York: Penguin Press
52. Reese, Stephen D. (1984) 'Visual-verbal Redundancy Effects on Television News Learning', Journal of Broadcasting 28(1): 79-87
53. Said, Edward W. (1987) Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Vintage Books
54. Schulten, Susan (2000) 'The Making of the National Geographic: Science, Culture, and Expansionism', American Studies 41(1): 5-29
55. Signorella, Margaret L. (1992) 'Remembering Gender-related Information', Sex Roles 27(3/4): 143-156
56. Silva, M. M., J. A. Groeger and M. F. Bradshaw (2006) 'Attention-memory Interactions in Scene Perceptions', Spatial Vision 19(1): 9-19
57. Stangor, Charles and Diane N. Ruble (1989) 'Strength of Expectancies and Memory for Social Information: What We Remember Depends on How Much We Know', Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 25: 18-35
58. Steet, Linda (2000) Veils and Daggers: A Century of National Geographic's Representation of the Arab World. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press
59. Stone, Gerald (1987) Examining Newspapers: What Research Reveals about America's Newspapers. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE
60. Trachtenberg, Alan (1989) Reading American Photographs: Images as History, Mathew Brady to Walker Evans. New York: Hill and Wang
61. Viviano, Frank (2003) 'Kingdom on Edge: Saudi Arabia', National Geographic Magazine 204(4): 2-41
62. Wanta, Wayne and Virginia Roark (1994) 'Responses to Photographs', Visual Communication Quarterly 1(2): 12-13
63. Wolf, Rita and Gerald L. Grotta (1985) 'Images: A Question of Readership', Newspaper Research Journal 6: 30-36
64. Worth, Sol (1982) Studying Visual Communication. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
65. Zillmann, Dolf, Rhonda Gibson and Stephanie L. Sargent (1999) 'Effects of Photographs in News-magazine Reports on Issue Perception', Media Psychology 1: 207-228