Differing risk factor profiles of ischemic stroke subtypes: Evidence for a distinct lacunar arteriopathy?

Stroke

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 624-629

  Jackson, Caroline A ^a   Hutchison, Aidan ^a   Dennis, Martin S ^a   Wardlaw, Joanna M ^a   Lindgren, Arne ^b   Norrving, Bo ^b   Anderson, Craig S ^c   Hankey, Graeme J ^d   Jamrozik, Konrad ^e   Appelros, Peter ^f   Sudlow, Cathie L M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d ROYAL PERTH HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^f ÖREBRO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Lacunar; Risk factors; Stroke; Stroke subtypes

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTERY DISEASE; ARTICLE; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN INFARCTION; CARDIOEMBOLISM; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; EMBOLISM; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LACUNAR ARTERIOPATHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STROKE;

AGED; BRAIN; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL ARTERIES; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; REGISTRIES; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 77950244849     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.558809     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Jones L, Warlow C. The natural history of lacunar infarction: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Stroke. 1987;18:545-551.
2. Wardlaw JM, Doubal F, Armitage PA, Chappell F, Carpenter T, Maniega SM, Farrall A, Sudlow C, Dennis M, Dhillon B. Lacunar stroke is associated with diffuse blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Ann Neurol. 2009;65:194-202.
3. Wardlaw JM. What causes lacunar stroke? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:617-619.
4. Jackson C, Sudlow C. Comparing risks of death and recurrent vascular events between lacunar and non-lacunar infarction. Brain. 2005;128: 2507-2517.
5. Jackson C, Sudlow C. Are lacunar strokes really different? A systematic review of differences in risk factor profiles between lacunar and non-lacunar infarcts. Stroke. 2005;36:891-904.
6. Arboix A, Marti-Vilalta JL. Lacunar stroke. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009; 9:179-196.
7. Jackson C, Crossland L, Dennis M, Wardlaw JM, Sudlow C. Assessing the impact of the requirement for explicit consent in a hospital-based stroke study. QJM. 2008;101:281-289.
8. Wardlaw JM, Lewis SC, Dennis MS, Counsell C, McDowall M. Is visible infarction on computed tomography associated with an adverse prognosis in acute ischemic stroke? Stroke. 1998;29:1315-1319.
9. Appelros P, Nydevik I, Viitanen M. Poor outcome after first-ever stroke. Predictors for death, dependency and recurrent stroke within the first year. Stroke. 2003;34:122-126.
10. Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, Lai N, Hankey GJ, Burvill PW, Anderson CS. Trends in the incidence, severity, and short-term outcome of stroke in Perth, Western Australia. Stroke. 1999;30:2105-2111.
11. Lindgren A, Norrving B, Rudling O, Johansson BB. Comparison of clinical and neuroradiological findings in first-ever stroke: a population-based study. Stroke. 1994;25:1371-1377.
12. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C. Classification and natural history of clinical identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet. 1991;337:1521-1526.
13. Higgins J, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539-1558.
14. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE III. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. Stroke. 1993;24:35-41.
15. Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane RevMan Software version 4.2 2003. Available at http://www.cochrane-net.org/revman.
16. Boiten J, Lodder J. Lacunar infarcts: pathogenesis and validity of the clinical syndromes. Stroke. 1991;22:1374-1378.
17. Hajat C, Dundas R, Stewart JA, Lawrence E, Rudd AG, Howard R, Wolfe CD. Cerebrovascular risk factors and stroke subtypes: differences between ethnic groups. Stroke. 2001;32:37-42.
18. Lindgren A, Roijer A, Norrving B, Wallin L, Eskilsson J, Johansson BB. Carotid artery and heart disease in subtypes of cerebral infarction. Stroke. 1994;25:2356-2362.
19. Lodder J, Bamford JM, Sandercock PAG, Jones LN, Warlow CP. Are hypertension or cardiac embolism likely causes of lacunar infarction? Stroke. 1990;21:375-381.
20. Mead GE, Shingler H, Farrell A, O'Neill PA, McCollum CN. Carotid disease in acute stroke. Age Ageing. 1998;27:677-682.
21. Mead GE, Wardlaw JM, Lewis SC, McDowall M, Dennis MS. Can simple clinical features be used to identify patients with severe carotid stenosis on Doppler ultrasound? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999; 66:16-19.
22. Norrving B, Cronqvist S. Clinical and radiologic features of lacunar versus nonlacunar minor stroke. Stroke. 1989;20:59-64.
23. Schmal M, Marini C, Carolei A, Di NM, Kessels F, Lodder J. Different vascular risk factor profiles among cortical infarcts, small deep infarcts, and primary intracerebral hemorrhage point to different types of underlying vasculopathy. A study from the L'Aquila Stroke Registry. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1998;8:14-19.
24. Tegeler CH, Shi F, Morgan T. Carotid stenosis in lacunar stroke. Stroke. 1991;22:1124-1128.
25. Toni D, Fiorelli M, De Michele M, Bastianello S, Sacchetti ML, Mon-tinaro E, Zanette EM, Argentino C. Clinical and prognostic correlates of stroke subtype misdiagnosis within 12 hours from onset. Stroke. 1995; 26:1837-1840.
26. Somay G, Topaloglu O, Somay H, Araal O, Halac GU, Bulkan M. Cerebrovascular risk factors and stroke subtypes in different age groups: a hospital-based study. Turk J Med Sc. 2006;36:23-29.
27. Pittock SJ, Meldrum D, Hardiman O, Thornton J, Brennan, Moroney JT. The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project Classification: correlation with imaging, associated complications, and prediction of outcome in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;12:1-7.
28. Sacco S, Marini C, Totaro R, Russo T, Cerone D, Carolei A. A population-based study of the incidence and prognosis of lacunar stroke. Neurology. 2006;66:1335-1338.
29. Schulz UGR, Rothwell PM. Differences in vascular risk factors between etiological subtypes of ischemic stroke: importance of population-based studies. Stroke. 2003;34:2050-5059.
30. Mead GE, Lewis SC, Wardlaw JM, Dennis MS, Warlow CP. Should computed tomography appearance of lacunar stroke influence patient management? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67:682-684.
31. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903-1913.
32. Eastern Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease Collaborative Research Group. Blood pressure, cholesterol and stroke in Eastern Asia. Lancet. 1998;352:1801-1807.
33. Ohira T, Shahar E, Chambless LE, Rosamond WD, Mosley TH Jr, Folsom AR. Risk factors for ischemic stroke subtypes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke. 2006;37:2493-2498.
34. Tanizaki Y, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Iwamoto H, Nakayama K, Shinohara N, Arima H, Tanaka K, Ibayashi S, Fujishima M. Incidence and risk factors for subtypes of cerebral infarction in a general population: the Hisayama study. Stroke. 2000;31:2616-2622.
35. Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Elbaz A, Touboul P-J, Driss F, Jaillard A, Bruckert E; GENIC Investigators. Blood lipids in brain infarction subtypes. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;22:101-108.
36. Khan U, Porteous L, Hassan A, Markus HS. Risk factor profile of cerebral small vessel disease and its subtypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007; 78:702-706.
37. Doubal FN, MacGillivray TJ, Hokke PE, Dillon B, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Differences in retinal vessels support a distinct vasculopathy causing lacunar stroke. Neurology. 2009;72:1773-1778.
38. Lindley RI, Wang JJ, Wong M-C, Mitchell P, Liew G, Hand P, Wardlaw J, De Silva DA, Baker M, Rochtchina E, Chen C, Hankey GJ, Chang HM, Fung VS, Gomes L, Wong TY; Multi-Centre Retina and Stroke Study (MCRS) Collaborative Group. Retinal microvasculature in acute lacunar stroke: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:628-634.