AIDS in children-epidemiology, clinical course, oral manifestations and management

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 95-102

  Mittal, Meenu ^a  

^a SGT UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

AIDS; HIV infection; Management; Oral manifestations

Indexed keywords

EID: 77950147297     PISSN: 10534628     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17796/jcpd.34.2.m2055qnv417n51x5     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. UN Aids 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.
2. Ramos Gomez F. Dental considerations for the pediatric AIDS/HIV patient. Oral Dis, 8(Suppl 2), 49-54, 2002.
3. DeCock KM, Fowler MG, Mercier E et al. Prevention of mother to child HIV transmission in resource poor countries. J Am Med Assoc, 283: 1175-1182, 2000.
4. McCarthy GM, Ssali CS, Bedranash H, Jorge J et al. Transmission of HIV in the dental clinic and elsewhere. Oral Dis, 8 (Suppl 2), 126-135, 2002.
5. Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Malamba SS, Nunn AJ, Seeley JA, Ssali A, Mulder DW. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1) seropositivity among children in rural population of South-West Uganda: probable routes of exposure. Ann Trop Pediatr, 15(2): 115-120, 1995.
6. Mulder DW, Nunn A, Kamali A, Kengeya-Kayondo JF. Post natal incidence of HIV-1 infection among children in a rural Ugandan population: no evidence for transmission other than mother to child. Trop Med Int Health, 1(1): 81-85, 1996.
7. Hauri AM, Armstrong GL and Hutin YJ. The global burden of disease attributable to contaminated injections given in health care settings. Int J STD AIDS Jan; 15(1): 7-16, 2004.
8. Kiwanuka N, Gray RH, Serwadda D, Li X, Sewankamboo NK, Kigozi G, Lutalo T, Nalugoda F, Wawer MJ. The incidence of HIV-1 associated with injections and transfusions in a prospective cohort, Rakai, Uganda. AIDS, 23; 18(2): 342-344, 2004.
9. Schmid GP, Buve A, Mugyenyi P, Garnett GP, Hayes RJ, Williams BG, Calleja DG, De Cock KM, Whitworth JA et al. Transmission of HIV-1 in sub-Saharan Africa and effect of elimination of unsafe injections. Lancet, 363(9407): 482-488, 2004.
10. Bulterys M and Fowler MG. Prevention of HIV infection in children. Pediatr Clin North Am, 47(1): 241-260, 2000.
11. Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, Kiselev P, Scott G, O'Sullivan MJ, VanDyke R, Bey M, Shearer W, et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type1 with zidovudine treatment, New Eng J Med, Vol 331: 1173-1180, 1994.
12. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 2000, 15th ed., Mc Graw Hills
13. Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Lally M, Flanigan TP, Rich JD. Laboratory testing for infection with human immunodeficiency virus: established and novel approaches. Am J Med; 109(7): 568-576, 2000.
14. Kleinman S, Barsch MP, Hall L, Thomson R, Glynn S, Gallahan D, et al. False positive HIV 1 test results in a low risk screening setting of voluntary blood donation. Retrovirus epidemiology donor study. JAMA, 280(12): 1080-1085, 1998.
15. European Collaborative Study. Children born to women with HIV-1 infection: natural history and risk of transmission(letter). Lancet, 337(8736): 253-260, 1991.
16. Leggott PJ. Oral manifestations of HIV infection in children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 73: 187-192, 1992.
17. Spira R, Lepage P, Msellati P, Van de Perre P, Leroy V, Simmonon A, Karita E, et al. Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type1 infection in children: A five year prospective study in Rwanda. Pediatrics, 104, No 5: 1-9, 1999.
18. Pahwa S, Kaplon M, Fikrig S, et al. Spectrum of human T cell lymphotropic virus type III infection in children. Recognition of symptomatic, asymptomatic and seronegative patients. JAMA, 255(17): 2299-2305, 1986.
19. Wiznia A, Rubinstein A. Pediatric infections and therapy. AIDS, 2 Suppl 1: S195-9, 1988.
20. Krasinski K, Borkowsky W, Bonk S, Lawrence R, Chandwani S. Bacterial infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 7(5): 323-328, 1988.
21. Scott GB, Hutto C, Makusch RW, Mastrucci MT, O'Connor T, Mitchell CD, et al. Survival in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Eng J Med, 321(26): 1791-1796, 1989.
22. Greenspan JS, Greenspan D. The epidemiology of the oral lesions of HIV infection in the developed world. Oral Dis, 8(Suppl.2), 34-39, 2002.
23. Ramos Gomez FJ, Petru A, Hilton JF, Canchola AJ, Wara D & Greenspan JS. Oral manifestations and dental status in pediatric HIV infection. Int J Ped Dent, 10: 3-11. 2000.
24. Centre for disease control and prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep. Dec 18; 41(RR-17): 1-19, 1992.
25. Pizzo PA and Wilfret CM. Markers and determinants of disease progression in children with HIV infection. The Pediatric AIDS Sienna Workshop II. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 8(1): 30-44, 1995.
26. Centre for disease control and prevention. 1995 revised guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia for children infected with or perinatally exposed to human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR Recomm Rep. Apr 28; 44(RR-4): 1-11, 1995.
27. Patton LL, Shugars DC. Immunologic and viral markers of HIV-1 disease progression: Implications for dentistry. JADA, 130: 1313-1322, 1999.
28. O'Brien WA, Hartigan PM, Martin D, Esinhart J, Hill A, Benoit S, et al. Changes in plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ lymphocyte counts and the risk of progression to AIDS. New Eng J Med, Feb; 334: 426-431, 1996.
29. Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankamboo N, Serwadda D, LI C, et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. New Eng J Med, 342: 921-929, 2000.
30. Patton LL. HIV disease. Dent Clin N Am, 47: 467-492, 2003.
31. EC clearinghouse. Classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV Infection and WHO Collaborating Centre on oral manifestations of the immunodeficiency virus. J Oral PatholMed, 22(7): 289-291, 1993.
32. Pongsiriwet S, Iamaroon A, Kanjanavanit S, et al. Oral lesions and dental caries status in perinatally HIV infected children in Northern Thailand. Int J Pediatr Dent, 13: 180-185, 2003.
33. Olaniyi TO, Sunday P. Oral manifestations of HIV infection in 36 Nigerian children. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 30(1): 89-92, 2005.
34. Barasch A, Safford MM, Catalanotto FA, Fine DH, Katz RV. Oral soft tissue manifestations in HIV positive vs. HIV negative children from an inner city population: a two year observational study. Pediatr Dent, 22(3): 215-220, 2000.
35. Khongkunthian P, Grote M, Isaratanam W, Piyaworawong S, Reichart PA. Oral manifestations in 45 HIV-positive children from Northern Thailand. J Oral Pathol Med, 30 Issue 9, 549-552, 2001.
36. Magalhaes MG, Bueno DF, Serra E, Goncalves R. Oral manifestations of HIV positive children. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 25(2): 103-106, 2001.
37. Naidoo S, Chikte U. Oro-facial manifestations in pediatric HIV: a comparative study of institutionalized and hospital outpatients. Oral Dis, 10(1): 13-18, 2004.
38. Santos LC, Castro GF, deSouza IP, Oliveira RH. Oral manifestations related to immunosuppression degree in HIV-positive children. Braz Dent J, 12: 135-138, 2001.
39. Kozinetz CA, Carter AB, Simon C, Hicks MJ, Rossmann SN, Flaitz CM, et al. Oral manifestations of pediatric vertical HIV infection. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 13(2): 89, 2000.
40. Fonseca R, Cardoso AS, Pomarico I. Frequency of oral manifestations in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Quintessence Int, 31(6): 419-422, 2000.
41. Campo J, Del Romero J, Castilla J, Garcia S, Rodriguez C, Bascones A. Oral candidiasis as a clinical marker related to viral load, CD4 lymphocyte count and CD4 lymphocyte percentage in HIV-infected patients. J Oral Pathol Med, 31(1): 5-10, 2002.
42. Patton LL, Mckaig RG, Strauss RP, Eron JJ Jr. Oral manifestations of HIV in southeast USA population. Oral Dis, 4(3): 164-169, 1998.
43. Margiotta V, Campisi G, Mancuso S, Accurso V, Abbadessa V. HIV infection: oral lesions, CD4+ cell count and viral load in an Italian study population. J Oral Pathol Med, 28: 173-177, 1999.
44. Sirois DA. Oral manifestations of HIV disease. Google.com.1998 Oct/Nov; No 5 & 6, Vol 65: 322-332.
45. Glick M. Orofacial disorders in children with HIV disease. Dent Clin N Am, 45: 259-271, 2005.
46. 1999 International Workshop for a classification of periodontal diseases and conditions. Papers. Oak Brook, Illinois, October 30-November 2, 1999.
47. Flaitz C, Wullbrandt B, Sexton J, Bourdon T, Hicks J. Prevalence of orodental findings in HIV infected Romanian children. Pediatr Dent, Jan Feb; 23: 44-50, 2001.
48. Ranganathan K, Reddy BVR, Kumaraswamy N, Solomon S, Vishwanathan R, Johnson NW. Oral lesions and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in 300 south Indian patients. Oral Dis, 6: 152-157, 2000.
49. Chidzonga MM. HIV/AIDS orofacial lesions in 156 Zimbabwean patients at referral oral and maxillofacial surgical clinics. Oral Dis, 9: 317-322, 2003.
50. Holmes HK and Stephen LX. Oral lesions of HIV infection in developing countries. Oral Dis, 8(Suppl2): 40-43, 2002.
51. Enwonwu Co. Infectious oral necrosis (cancrum oris) in Nigerian children: a review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 13: 190-194, 1985.
52. Ramos Gomez FJ, Flaitz C, Catapano P, Murray P. Milnes AR, Dorenbaum A. Classification, diagnostic criteria, and treatment recommendations for orofacial manifestations in HIV infected pediatric patients. Collaborative Workgroup on Oral Manifestations of Pediatric HIV infection. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 23(2): 85-96, 1999.
53. Arendorf T, Holmes H. Oral manifestations associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in developing countries - are there differences from developed countries? Oral Dis, 6: 133-135, 2000.
54. Ex Posito-Delagado AJ, Vallejo-Bolanos E, Martos-Cobo EG. Oral manifestations of HIV infection in infants: a review article. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal, 9: 410-420, 2004.
55. Frezzini C, Leao JC & Porter S. Current trends of HIV disease of the mouth. J Oral Pathol Med, 34: 513-531, 2005.
56. Lin HC, Corbet EF, Lo EC. Oral mucosal lesions in adult Chinese. J Dent Res, May; 80(5): 1486-1490, 2001.
57. Mandel L. Ultrasound findings in HIV-positive patients with parotid gland swellings. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 59(3): 283-286, 2001.
58. Katz MH, Mastrucci MT, Laggott PJ, Westenhouse J, Greenspan JS, Scott GB. Prognostic significance of oral lesions in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Dis Child, 147(1): 45-48, 1993.
59. Katz MH, Greenspan D, Westenhouse J, Hessol NA, Buchbinder SP, et al. Progression to AIDS in HIV- infected homosexual men with hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis. AIDS, 6(1); 95-100, 1992.
60. Hauk MJ, Moss ME, Weinberg GA & Berkowitz RJ. Delayed tooth eruption association with severity of HIV infection. Pediatr Dent, 260-262, 2001.
61. Ramos Gomez FJ. Oral aspects of HIV infection in children. Oral Dis, 3: S31-S35, 1997.