Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment: Testing a self-determination theory model of oral self-care behaviour and dental clinic attendance

Motivation and Emotion

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 15-33

  Halvari, Anne E Münster ^a   Halvari, Hallgeir ^b   Bjørnebekk, Gunnar ^c   Deci, Edward L ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH EASTERN NORWAY   (Norway)

^c Norwegian Centre for Child Behavioral Development   (Norway)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Dental clinic attendance; Oral self care; Self determination theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 77949915064     PISSN: 01467239     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11031-010-9154-0     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Addy, M., & Adriaens, P. (1998). Consensus report of Group A. Epidemiology and etiology of periodontal diseases and the role of plaque control in dental caries. In N. P. Lang, R. Attström, & H. Löe (Eds.), Proceedings of the European workshop on mechanical plaque control (pp. 98-101). Chicago: Quintessence Publishing.
2. Anderson, J. R. (1990). Cognitive psychology and its implications. New York: W. H. Freeman & Company.
3. Ashley, P. F., Attrill, D. C., & Ellwood, R. P. (1999). Toothbrushing habits and caries experience. Caries Research, 33, 401-402.
4. Axelsson, P. (1998). Needs-related plaque control measures based on risk prediction. In N. P. Lang, R. Attström, & H. Löe (Eds.), Proceedings of the European workshop on mechanical plaque control (pp. 190-247). Chicago: Quintessence Publishing.
5. Axelsson, P. (2006). The effect of a needs-related caries preventive program in children and young adults-Results after 20 years. BMC Oral Health, 6(Suppl 1), S7.
6. Backdash, B. (2000). Current patterns of oral hygiene product use and practices. Periodontology, 8, 11-14.
7. Bagøien, T. E., & Halvari, H. (2005). Autonomous motivation, involvement in physical activity, and perceived sport competence: structural and mediator models. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100, 3-21.
8. Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
9. Bernstein, D. A., Kleinknecht, R. A., & Alexander, L. D. (1979). Antecedents of dental fear. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 39, 113-124.
10. Bollen, K. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
11. Brothwell, D. J., Jutai, D. K. G., & Hawkins, R. J. (1998). An update of mechanical oral hygiene practices: Evidence-based recommendations for disease prevention. Journal of Canadian Dental Association, 64, 295-306.
12. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
13. Chestnutt, I. G., Schäfer, F., Jacobson, A. P. M., & Stephen, K. W. (1998). The influence of tooth-brushing and post-brushing rinsing on caries experience in a caries clinical trial. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 26, 406-411.
14. Corah, N. L. (1969). Development of a dental anxiety scale. Journal of Dental Research, 48, 596.
15. Corah, N. L. (1988). Dental anxiety: Assessment, reduction and increasing patient satisfaction. Dental Clinics of North America, 32, 779-790.
16. Dailey, Y. M., Crawford, A. N., Humphris, G., & Lennon, M. A. (2001). Factors affecting dental attendance following treatment for dental anxiety in primary dental care. Primary Dental Care, 8, 51-56.
17. deCharms, R. (1968). Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior. New York: Academic Press.
18. Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62, 119-142.
19. Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627-668.
20. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
21. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
22. Donaldson, A. N., Everitt, B., Newton, T., Steele, J., Sheriff, M., & Bower, E. (2008). The effects of social class and dental attendance on oral health. Journal of Dental Research, 87, 60-64.
23. Eli, I. (1993). Dental anxiety: A cause for possible misdiagnosis of tooth vitality. International Endodontic Journal, 26, 251-253.
24. Engel, G. E. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 129-136.
25. Halvari, A., et al. (in press). Motivation for dental home care: Testing a self-determination theory model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
26. Halvari, A., & Halvari, H. (2006). Motivational predictors of change in oral health: An experimental test of self-determination theory. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 295-306.
27. Halvari, H., Ulstad, S. O., Bagøien, T. E., & Skjesol, K. (2009). Autonomy support and its links to physical activity and competitive performance: Mediations through motivation, competence, action orientation, and harmonious passion, and the moderator role of autonomy support by perceived competence. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56, 533-555.
28. Haugejorden, O., & Klock, K. S. (2000). Avoidance of dental visits: The predictive validity of three dental anxiety scales. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 58, 255-259.
29. Health Education Authority. (1996). The scientific basis of dental health education. London: HEA.
30. Heaton, L. J., Carlson, C. R., Smith, T. A., Baer, R. A., & de Leeuw, R. (2007). Predicting anxiety during dental treatment using patients' self-reports. JADA, 138, 188-195.
31. Högglin, C., Hakeberg, M., Ahlquist, M., Sullivan, M., & Berggren, U. (2000). Factors associated with dental anxiety and attendance in middle-aged and elderly women. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 28, 451-460.
32. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
33. Humphris, G. M., Morrison, T., & Lindsay, S. J. E. (1995). The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale: Validation and United Kingdom norms. Community Dental Health, 12, 143-150.
34. Kay, E., & Locker, D. (1998). A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dental Health, 15, 132-144.
35. Kennedy, S., Goggin, K., & Nollen, N. (2004). Adherence to HIV medications: Utility of the theory of self-determination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 611-628.
36. Kleinknecht, R. A., & Bernstein, D. A. (1978). The assessment of dental fear. Behavior Therapy, 9, 626-634.
37. Kuvaas, B. (2006a). Performance appraisal, satisfaction and employee outcomes: Mediating and moderating roles of work motivation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 504-522.
38. Kuvaas, B. (2006b). Work performance, affective commitment, and work satisfaction: The roles of pay administration and pay level. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 365-385.
39. Logan, H., Baron, R. S., Keely, K., Law, A., & Stein, S. (1991). Desired and felt control as mediators of stress in a dental setting. Health Psychology, 10, 352-359.
40. Lund, A. K., & Kegeles, S. S. (1984). Rewards and adolescent health behavior. Health Psychology, 3, 351-369.
41. McCaul, K. D., Glasgow, R. E., & O'Neill, H. K. (1992). The problem of creating habits: Establishing health-protective dental behaviors. Health Psychology, 11, 101-110.
42. McGrath, C., & Bedi, R. (2001). Can dental attendance improve quality of life? British Dental Journal, 190, 262-265.
43. Milgrom, P., Vignehsa, H., & Weinstein, P. (1992). Adolescent dental fear and control: Prevalence and theoretical implications. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 367-373.
44. Milgrom, P., Weinstein, P., & Getz, T. (1995). Treating fearful dental patients. Seattle: Continuing Dental Education University of Washington.
45. Moore, R., Abrahamsen, R., & Brødsgaard, I. (1996). Hypnotherapy compared with group therapy and individual desensitization for dental anxiety. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 104, 612-618.
46. Muthen, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38, 171-189.
47. Nicolas, E., Collado, V., Faulks, D., Bullier, B., & Hennequin, M. (2007). A national cross-sectional survey of dental anxiety in the French adult population. BMC Oral Health, 7, 12.
48. Nuttall, N. M., Bradnock, G., White, D., Morris, J., & Nunn, J. (2001). Dental attendance in 1988 and implications for the future. British Dental Journal, 190, 177-182.
49. Palmeira, A. L., Teixeira, P. J., Branco, T. L., Martins, S. S., Minderico, C. S., Barata, J. T., et al. (2007). Predicting short-term weight loss using four leading health behaviour change theories. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4, 14.
50. Pelletier, L. G., Dion, S. C., Slovenic-D'Angelo, M., & Reid, R. (2004). Why do you regulate what you eat? Relationship between forms of regulation, eating behaviors, sustained dietary behavior change, and psychological adjustment. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 245-277.
51. Pohjola, V., Lahti, S., Tolvanen, M., & Hausen, H. (2008). Dental fear and oral health habits among adults in Finland. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 66, 148-153.
52. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
53. Quetish Taani, D. S. M. (2002). Dental anxiety and regularity of dental attendance in younger adults. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 29, 604-608.
54. Ramsey, D. S. (2000). Patient compliance with oral hygiene regimes: A behavioral relf-regulation analysis with implications for technology. International Dental Journal, 50, 304-311.
55. Reeve, J., Nix, G., & Hamm, D. (1999). The experience of self-determination in intrinsic motivation. Unpublished manuscript, University of Iowa.
56. Rouse, R. A., & Hamilton, M. A. (1990). Dentists' technical competence, communication, and personality as predictors of dental patient anxiety. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 13, 307-319.
57. Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalisation: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
58. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
59. Sandell, R., Camner, L. G., & Sarhed, G. (1994). The dentist's attitudes and their interaction with patient involvement in oral hygiene compliance. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 549-558.
60. Saxer, U. P., Barbakov, J., & Yankell, S. L. (1998). New studies on estimated and actual toothbrushing times and dentifrice use. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 9, 49-51.
61. Scheutz, F., & Heidmann, J. (2001). Determinants of utilization of dental services among 20- to 34-year-old Danes. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 59, 201-208.
62. Schuurs, A. H. B., & Hoogstraten, J. (1993). Appraisal of dental anxiety and fear questionnaires: A review. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 21, 329-339.
63. Sheiham, A., Maizels, J., Cushing, A., & Holmes, J. (1985). Dental attendance and dental status. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 13, 304-309.
64. Skaret, E., Raadal, M., Kvale, G., & Berg, E. (1999). Dental anxiety and dental avoidance among 12-18-year olds in Norway. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 107, 422-428.
65. Skaret, E., Raadal, M., Kvale, G., & Berg, E. (2000). Factors related to missed and cancelled dental appointments among adolescents in Norway. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 108, 175-183.
66. Solberg, P. A., & Halvari, H. (2009). Perceived autonomy support, personal goal content, and emotional well-being among elite athletes: Mediating effects of reasons for goals. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 108, 721-743.
67. Solberg, P. A., Halvari, H., & Ommundsen, Y. (2009). Psychological well-being: The importance of autonomy support and basic needs satisfaction in physical exercise among elderly. Oslo: The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Unpublished.
68. Svarstad, A. M. (2007). Cardiac rehabilitation: Perceived autonomy support, motivation for physical activity, and physical exertion. Oslo: NIH, Master Thesis.
69. Teixeira, P. J., Going, S. B., Houtkooper, L. B., Cussler, E. C., Metcalfe, L. L., Blew, R. M., et al. (2006). Exercise motivation, eating, and body image variables as predictors of weight control. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38, 179-188.
70. ter Horst, G., & de Wit, C. A. (1993). Review of behavioral research in dentistry 1987-1992: Dental anxiety, dentist-patient relationship, compliance and dental attendance. International Dental Journal, 43, 265-278.
71. Utistog, M. (2007). Motivasjon for fysisk aktivitet hos langtidssykemeldte ved 4 ukers arbeidsrettet rehabilitering. [Autonomously supportive clinic rehabilitation after long term sickness: Its effects on change in motivation, perceived autonomy and competence support, change in physical activity and future perceived competence to exercise regularly.] Oslo: NIH, Masteroppgave.
72. van der Weijden, G. A., Timmermann, M. F., Nijboer, A., Lie, M. A., & van der Velden, U. (1993). A comparative study of electric toothbrushes for the effectiveness of plaque removal in relation to toothbrushing duration. Timer-study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 20, 476-481.
73. Vassend, O. (1993). Anxiety, pain and discomfort associated with dental treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 659-666.
74. Viinikangas, A., Lahti, S., Yuan, S., Pietilä, I., Freeman, R., & Humphris, G. (2007). Evaluating a single dental anxiety question in Finnish adults. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 65, 236-240.
75. Vlachopoulos, S. P., & Michailidou, S. (2006). Development and initial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: The Basic psychological needs in exercise scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 103, 179-201.
76. Wardle, J. (1982). Fear of dentistry. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 55, 119-126.
77. White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.
78. WHO. (1986). Ottawa charter for health promotion. Genève: WHO/HPR/HEP/95. 1.
79. Williams, G. C., Cox, E. M., Kouides, R., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Presenting the facts about smoking to adolescents: The effects of an autonomy supportive style. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 959-964.
80. Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. D. (1996). Internalization of biopsychosocial values by medical students: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 767-779.
81. Williams, G. C., Freedman, Z. R., & Deci, E. L. (1998a). Supporting autonomy to motivate glucose control in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 21, 1644-1651.
82. Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 115-126.
83. Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Sharp, D., Levesque, C., Kouides, R. W., Ryan, R. M., et al. (2006). Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial. Health Psychology, 25, 91-101.
84. Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Zeldman, A., Freedman, Z. R., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Testing a self-determination theory process model for promoting glycemic control through diabetes self-management. Health Psychology, 23, 58-66.
85. Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998b). Autonomous regulation and long-term medication adherence in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17, 269-276.
86. Wisløff, T. F., Vassend, O., & Asmyhr, O. (1995). Dental anxiety, utilisation of dental services, and DMFS status in Norwegian military recruits. Community Dental Health, 12, 100-103.
87. Woolgrove, J., & Cumberbatch, G. (1986). Dental anxiety and regularity of dental attendance. Journal of Dentistry, 14, 209-213.