The composition of cigarette smoke. An historical perspective of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 384-410

  Rodgman, Alan ^b   Cook, Lawrence C ^a  

^a Brighton Gardens of Winston Salem   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 77949870550     PISSN: 0173783X     EISSN: 16129237     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0873     Document Type: Article

References (209)

1. Rodgman, A.: The analysis of cigarette smoke condensate. I. The isolation and/or identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Camel cigarette smoke; RDR, 1956, No.9, September 28, see www.rjrtdocs.com
2. Rodgman, A.: The analysis of cigarette smoke condensate. IV. 3,4,8,9-Dibenzpyrene in Camel cigarette smoke condensate; RDR, 1957, No.13, October 7, see www.rjrtdocs.com
3. Rodgman, A. and L.C. Cook: The analysis of cigarette smoke condensate. XIV. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; RDR, 1960, No.20, May 26, see www.rjrtdocs.com
4. Rodgman, A.: Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette mainstream smoke: Identification, tobacco precursors, control of levels: A review; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 19 (2001) 361-379.
5. Lefemine, D.V., E.T. Alvord, and S.Z. Cardon: Identification of 3,4-benzpyrene in cigarette paper smoke and tars; Southeastern Reg. Mtg., Am. Chem. Soc, Birmingham, AL (1954).
6. Cardon, S.Z. and E.T. Alvord: The presence of 3,4-benzpyrene in cigarette smoke; Ann. Mtg., Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Atlanta, GA (1955) pp. 1-12.
7. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.9, Paper No. 24, 1955, p. 13.
8. Kosak, A.I., J.S. Swinehart, and D. Taber: The components of cigarette smoke. I. Preliminary studies; J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 17 (1956) 375-390.
9. Fieser, L.F.: Chemical carcinogenesis; Arthur Stolle Festschrift (1957) 489-498.
10. Orris L., B.L. Van Duuren, A.I. Kosak, N. Nelson, and F.L. Schmitt: The carcinogenicity for mouse skin and the aromatic hydrocarbon content of cigarette-smoke condensate; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 21 (1958) 557-561.
11. Fieser, L.F.: More on smoking and health; Chemistry 1964(3) 18-19.
12. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Experimental tobacco carcinogenesis; Adv. Cancer Res. 8 (1964) 249-453.
13. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Tobacco and tobacco smoke: Studies in experimental carcinogenesis; Academic Press, New York, NY (1967).
14. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: The role of higher polycyclic hydrocarbons in tobacco carcinogenesis; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 3 (1) (1959) 74;
15. A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. VII. The role of higher polycyclic hydrocarbons; Cancer 12 (1959) 1079-1086.
16. United States Public Health Service (USPHS): Smoking and health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service; PHS Publ. No.1103(1964).
17. Philip Morris Inc. : Chemical constituents in tobacco and smoke. A compilation of published information; Philip Morris Inc., Richmond, VA (1963) pp. 1-47.
18. Rodgman, A.: The analysis of cigarette smoke condensate. XXXV. A summary of an eight-year study; RDR, 1964, No.10, February 12, see www.rjrtdocs.com 501008855-501008928
19. Elmenhorst, H. and G. Reckzeh: Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe im Tabakrauch [Aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke]; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 2 (1964) 180-204.
20. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.29, Paper No. 21, 1975, p. 19;
21. The identification of high molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in a biologically active fraction of cigarette smoke condensate; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 9 (1977) 79-101;
22. Multi-alkylated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons of tobacco smoke: Separation and identification; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 9 (1978) 222-247;
23. Snook, M.E., R.F. Severson, H.C. Higman, R.F. Arrendale, and O.T. Chortyk: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons of tobacco smoke: Isolation and identification; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 250-272;
24. Snook, M.E., R.F. Severson, H.C. Higman, and O.T. Chortyk: Isolation and identification of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons of tobacco smoke; 28th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.28, Paper No. 40, 1974, p. 27.
25. Rodgman, A. and T.A. Perfetti: The composition of cigarette smoke: A catalogue of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 22 (2006) 13-69.
26. Cook, J.W., C.L. Hewitt, and I. Hieger: Coal-tar constituents and cancer; Nature 130 (1932) 926;
27. Isolation of a cancer-producing hydrocarbon from coal tar. II. Isolation of 1,2- and 4,5-benzpyrenes, perylene, and 1,2-benzanthracene; J. Chem. Soc. (1933) 395-398.
28. Orchin, M. and E.O. Woolfolk: Molecular complexes with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 1727-1729;
29. Orchin, M., L. Reggel, and E.O. Woolfolk: Molecular complexes with 2,4,7trinitrofluorenone. II; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69 (1947) 1225-1227.
30. Wynder, E.L., E.A. Graham, and A.B. Croninger: Experimental production of carcinoma with cigarette tar; Cancer Res. 13 (1953) 855-864.
31. Bradford, J.A., W.R. Harlan, and H.R. Hanmer: Nature of cigaret smoke: Technic of experimental smoking; Ind. Eng. Chem. 28 (1936) 836-839.
32. Hartwell, J.L.: Survey of compounds which have been tested for carcinogenic activity; United States Public Health Service GJSPHS) Publ. No.149, (1947) Washington, DC;
33. nd Edition (1951), Washington, DC;
34. Shubik, P. and J.L. Hartwell: Survey of compounds which have been tested for carcinogenic activity, Suppl. 1; United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Publ. No. 149 (1957) Washington, DC;
35. Suppl. 2; USPHS Publ. No. 149 (1969) Washington, DC.
36. Dipple, A., R.C. Moschel, and C.A.H. Bigger: Polynuclear hydrocarbons. Chapter 2 in Chemical carcinogens, Second edition; edited by C.E. Searle, Am. Chem. Soc. Monograph 182, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1984) 41-163.
37. Sander, L.C. and S.A. Wise: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure index; National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 922 (1997).
38. Bonnet, J. and S. Neukomm: Résultats actuels des recherches chimiques sur la composition de la fumée du tabac [Current results on the chemical research on the composition of tobacco smoke]; Oncologia 10 (1957) 124-129.
39. Lyons, M.J. and H. Johnston: Chemical analysis of the neutral fraction of cigarettes smoke tar; Brit. J. Cancer 11(1957)554-562.
40. Lyons, M.J.: Presence of 1,2,3,4-dibenzpyrene in cigarette smoke; Nature 182 (1958) 178.
41. Wynder, E.L. and G.F Wright: Studies on the identification of carcinogens in cigarette tar; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2 (2) (1956) 159;
42. A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. I. The primary fractions; Cancer 10 (1957) 255-271.
43. Pyriki, C.: Polycyclische und aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe des Tabakrauches [Polycyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke]; German Chem. Soc, Ann. Mtg., LeipzigDDR (1962);
44. Die Nahrung 7 (1963) 439-448.
45. Lavit-Lamy, D. and N.P. Buu-Hoï: The true nature of "dibenzo[a,I]pyrene" and its known derivatives; Chem. Comm. 4 (1966) 92-94.
46. Rodgman, A. and L.C. Cook: The composition of cigarette smoke. I. Solanesyl acetate; Tob. Sci. 3 (1959) 86-88.
47. Rodgman, A.: The composition of cigarette smoke. III. Phytadienes; J. Org. Chem. 24 (1959) 1916-1924.
48. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.14, Paper No. 23,1960, pp. 12-13;
49. J. Org. Chem. 26 (1961) 497-501.
50. Friedel, R.A. and M. Orchin: Ultraviolet spectra of aromatic compounds; John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY (1961).
51. Hofer, L.J.E. and W.C Peebles: X-ray diffraction patters of 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons; Anal. Chem. 24 (1952) 822-826.
52. Soffer, M.D. and R.A. Stewart: The purification and identification of 1-methylnaphthalene; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74 (1952) 567-568.
53. rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY (1948) p. 259.
54. nd Edition, D.C. Heath and Co., New York, NY (1941) p. 344.
55. Ciar, E.: Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe: Polycyclische Systeme [Aromatic hydrocarbons: Polycyclic systems]; Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany (1952).
56. Ikeda, S.: Contribution to the study of tobacco smoke; Sci. Papers, Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. (Tokyo) 42 (1947) 80.
57. Roffo, A.E.: Espectrograffe de los derivados obtenidos por destilacion directa de los tabacos y su relación como agentes carcinógenos [Spectrograph of derivatives obtained by direct distillation of tobaccos and the relation to carcinogenic agents]; Bol. Inst. Med. Exptl. Estud. Cáncer 14 (1937) 311-399,
58. 3;
59. Espectrograffe de los derivados obtenidos por destilación directa de los tabacos y su relación como agentes carcinógenos [Spectrograph of derivatives obtained by direct distillation of tobaccos and the relation to carcinogenic agents]; Bol. Inst. Med. Exptl. Estud. Cáncer 17 (1940) 279.
60. Roffo, A.H.: 1,2-Benzopirene: Cancerigeno extraido del alquitran del tabaco [1,2-Benzpyrene: A carcinogen extracted from tobacco tar]; Bol. Inst. Med. Exp. Estud. Cáncer 16 (1939) 1-38;
61. Krebserzeugendes Benzpyren gewonnen aus Tabakteer [Cancer-causing benzpyrene obtained from tobacco tar]; Z. Krebsforsch. 49 (1939) 588-597,
62. see Biol. Abstr. 14 (1939) 16122.
63. Larson, P.S., H.B. Haag, and H. Silvette: Tobacco: Experimental and clinical studies; Williams and WilkinsCompany, Baltimore, MD(1961)pp. 422-424.
64. Rodgman, A. and T.A. Perfetti: The chemical components identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke prior to 1954: A chronology of classical chemistry; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 23 (2009) 277-333.
65. Wynder, E.L. and E.A. Graham: Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma: A study of 684 cases; J. Am. Med. Assoc. 143 (1950) 329-336;
66. Doll, R. and A.B. Hill: Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report; Brit. Med. J. 1950 (ii) 739-748;
67. Levin, M.L., H. Goldstein, and P.R. Gerhardt: Cancer and tobacco smoking: A preliminary report; J. Am. Med. Assoc. 143 (1950) 336-338;
68. Mills, C.A. and M.M. Porter: Tobacco smoking habits and cancer of the mouth and respiratory system; Cancer Res. 10 (1950) 539-542;
69. Schrek, R., L.A. Baker, G.P. Ballard, and S. Dolgoff: Tobacco smoking as an etiologic factor in disease; Cancer Res. 10 (1950) 49-58;
70. Doll, R. and A.B. Hill: A study of the aetiology of carcinoma of the lung; Brit. Med. J. 1952(ii) 1271-1286;
71. McConnell, B.B., K.C.T. Gordon, and T. Jones: Occupational and personal factors in the etiology of cancer of the lung; Lancet 1952(ii) 651-656;
72. Koulumies, M.: Smoking and pulmonary carcinoma; Acta Radiol. 39 (1953) 255-260;
73. Lickint, F.: Ätiologie und Prophylaxe des Lungenkrebses. 2. Statistische Voraussetzungen zur Klärung der Tabakrauchätiologie des Lungenkrebses [Etiology and prophylaxis of lung cancer. 2. Statistical assumptions for clarification of the tobacco smoke etiology of lung cancer]; Steinkopf (1953);
74. Sadowsky, D.A., A.G. Gilliam, and J. Cornfield: The statistical association between smoking and carcinoma of the lung; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 13 (1953) 1237-1258.
75. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.30, Paper No. 47, 1976, p. 32;
76. ndTobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.32, Paper No. 46, 1978, p. 25;
77. Snook, M.E., P.J. Fortson, and O.T. Chortyk: Isolation and identification of aza-arenes of tobacco smoke; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 11 (1981) 67-78.
78. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.29, Paper No. 39, 1975, p. 28;
79. Isolation and identification of new components of the ether-soluble portion of cigarette smoke condensate; Tob. Sci. 22 (1978)6-11.
80. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.29, Paper No. 38, 1975, p. 27;
81. Schumacher, J.N., C.R. Green, F.W. Best, and M.P. Newell: Smoke composition. An extensive investigation of the water-soluble portion of cigarette smoke; J. Agr. Food Chem. 25 (1977)310-320.
82. nd Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.32, Paper No. 47, 1978, p. 25;
83. Tob. Sci. 25 (1981) 33-39.
84. Lloyd, R.A. Jr, C.W. Miller, D.L. Roberts, J.A. Giles, J.P. Dickerson, N.H. Nelson, C.E. Rix, and P.H. Ayers: Flue-cured tobacco flavor. I. Essence and essential oil components; CORESTA 1974 Symp., Montreux, Switzerland (1974);
85. Tob. Sci. 20 (1976) 40-48.
86. Leffingwell, J.C. and E.D. Alford: Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco; Electronic J. Environ. Agr. Food Chem. 4 (2005) 899-915.
87. Peng, F., L. Sheng, B. Liu, H. Tong, and S. Liu: Comparison of different extraction methods: Steam distillation, simultaneous distillation and extraction and headspace co-distillation, used for the analysis of the volatile components in aged flue-cured tobacco leaves; J. Chromat. A 1040 (2004) 1-17.
88. Kotin, P.: Letter to E.H. Guthrie; Staff Director, 1964 Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health (September 6,1963).
89. Kotin, P. and H.L. Falk: Atmospheric factors in pathogenesis of lung cancer; Adv. Cancer Res. 7 (1953) 475-514.
90. Bonnet, J. and S. Neukomm: Sur la composition chimique de la fumée du tabac. I. Analyse de la fraction neuter [On the chemical composition of tobacco smoke. I. Analysis of the neutral fraction]; Helv. Chim. Acta 39 (1956) 1724-1733.
91. Gilbert, J.A.S. and A.J. Lindsey: Polycyclic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke: The amounts held in stubs and ash; Brit. J. Cancer 10 (1956) 642-645.
92. Gilbert, J.A.S. and A.J. Lindsey: Polycyclic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke: Pipe smoking experiments; Brit. J. Cancer 10 (1956) 646-648.
93. Bonnet, J. and S. Neukomm: Carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke; Acta Unio Internat. Contra Cancrum 15 (1959) 561-563
94. Bonnet, J. and S. Neukomm: New investigations on carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke; Oncologia 12 (1959) 80-86.
95. Johnstone, R.A.W. and J.R. Plimmer: The chemical constituents of tobacco and tobacco smoke; Chem. Rev. 59 (1959) 885-936.
96. Pietzsch, A. : Zum Nachweis von cancerogenen Kohlenwasserstoffen im Tabakrauch [On the detection of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke]; Pharmazie (Berlin) 14 (1959) 466-473.
97. Zapior, B., J. Platek, and J. Kaleta: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the smoke of domestic Polish cigarette brands; Roczniki Chemii 33 (1959) 243-245.
98. Lyons, M.J.: Comparison of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons from gasoline engine and diesel engine exhausts, general atmospheric dust, and cigarette smoke condensate; in: Symposium: Analysis of carcinogenic air pollutants, edited by E. Sawicki and K. Cassei, Natl. Cancer Inst. Monograph 9 (1962) 193-199.
99. Cook, J.W., R.A.W. Johnstone, and P.M. Quan: The composition of cigarette smoke. VIII. Some aromatic hydrocarbon constituents; Israel J. Chem. 1 (1963) 356-364.
100. Cooper, R.L. and A.J. Lindsey: The presence of polynuclear hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke; Chem. and Ind. (London) (1953) 1205.
101. Cooper, R.L. and A.J. Lindsey: The presence of 3,4-benzpyrene and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in the combustion products of cigarette paper; Chem. and Ind. (London) (1954) 1260-1261.
102. Cooper, R.L., A.J. Lindsey, and R.E. Waller: The presence of 3,4-benzpyrene in cigarette smoke; Chem. and Ind. (London) (1954) 1418.
103. Cooper, R.L. and A.J. Lindsey: 3,4-Benzpyrene and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke; Brit. J. Cancer 9 (1955) 304-309.
104. Lindsey, AJ.: The composition of tobacco smoke. Some minor organic constituents; Analyst 80 (1955) 164.
105. Lyons, MJ.: Tobacco smoke products. Assay for polycyclic hydrocarbons; Brit. Emp. Cancer Camp., Ann. Rpt. 33 (1955) 277-278.
106. Campbell, J.M. and A.J. Lindsey: Polycyclic hydrocarbons extracted from tobacco. The effect upon total quantities found in smoking; Brit. J. Cancer 10 (1956) 649-652.
107. Campbell, J.M. and A.J. Lindsey: Polycyclic hydrocarbons in cigar smoke; Brit. J. Cancer 11 (1957) 192-195.
108. Wynder, E.L. and G.F Wright: A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. I. The primary fractions; Cancer 10 (1957)255-271.
109. Wynder, E.L., G.F Wright, and J. Lam: A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. V. The role of pyrolysis; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2(4) (1958) 357-358,
110. Cancer 11(1958)1140-1148.
111. Lindsey, A.J.: The composition of cigarette smoke: Studies on stubs and tips; Brit. J. Cancer 13 (1959) 195-199.
112. Alexandrov, K., P. Simova, and I. Savatinova: Potentielle kanzerogene Substanzen in Zigarettenrauch. Befund 3,4-Benzpyren [Potential carcinogenic substances in cigarette smoke. 3,4-Benzpyrene found]; Neoplasma 8 (1961) 575-576.
113. Commins, B.T., R.L. Cooper, and A.J. Lindsey: Polycyclic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke; Brit. J. Cancer 8 (1954) 296-302.
114. Seelkopf, C.: Über die Isolierung cancerogene Stoffe aus dem Zigarettenteer [On the isolation of cancerogenic substances from cigarette tar]; Z. Lebensm. Untersuch. Forsch. 100 (1955) 218-222.
115. Wright, G.F and E.L. Wynder: Further chemical studies of cigarette smoke condensate; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2(2) (1956) 159.
116. Ahlmann, J.: Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette tar; Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 43(1958)379-390.
117. Pietzsch, A. : Zum Nachweis von cancerogenen Kohlenwasserstoffen im Tabakrauch [On the detection of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke]; Naturwissenschaften 45 (1958) 445.
118. Scassellati-Sforzolini, G. and G. Salucci: Prime ricerche sulla presenza di idrocarburi cancerigeni nel fumo delle sigarette Italiane [Initial research on the presence of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the smoke of Italian cigarettes]; Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 34 (1958) 424-426.
119. Lindsey, A.J.: Tobacco smoke; Brit. Med. J. 1959(ii) 506.
120. Candeli, A., A.J. Lindsey, and K. Persaud: Carta di sigarette al sulfammato di ammonio e idrocarburi cancerigeni [Cigarette paper containing ammonium sulfamate and carcinogenic hydrocarbons]; Bol. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 36 (1960) 452-454.
121. Cuzin, J.L.: Determination of anthracene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene in condensates of tobacco smoke; SEITA (January, 1960).
122. Mouron, J.C., J. Bonnet, and S. Neukomm: Extraction of tobacco by some organic solvents and consequences on chemical composition of the smoke; Oncologia 13 (1960)271-278.
123. Wynder, E.L.: Laboratory contributions to the tobaccocancer problem; Symposium on Chemical and biological problems related to smoking, Stockholm, Sweden (1960);
124. Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 369 (1961) 63-101.
125. Sasmoco, S.A.: Improvements in or relating to a process for treating tobacco and tobacco obtained by said process; British Patent No. 885,249 (CI. 130) (December 30, 1961).
126. Scassellati-Sforzolini, G. and A. Mariáni: Benzopirene e di altri idrocarburi policiclici nel fumo delle sigarette "Nationale Esportazione" [Benzopyrene and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in the smoke of "Nationale Esportazione"]; Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 37 (1961) 766-768.
127. Scassellati-Sforzolini, G. and A. Mariáni: Ricerca del 3:4-benzopirene e di altri idrocarburi policiclici nel fumo di sigarette Italiane: Contributo alio studio dell'azione cancérigène del fumo di tobacco [Research on 3:4-benzopyrene and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in the smoke of Italian cigarettes: Contribution to the study of the carcinogenic action of tobacco smoke]; Ricerca Sei. Rend. 1(2) (1961) 98-117.
128. Scassellati-Sforzolini, G. and G. Saldi: Ulteriori ricerche sugli idrocarburi policiclici del fumeso di sigarette. (Confronto tra il fumo aspirato e quello raccolto nell'aria ambiente) [Further research on the polycyclic hydrocarbon content of the smoke of cigarettes. (Comparison between the aspirated smoke from cigarettes and that recovered from the ambient air)]; Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 37 (1961) 769-771.
129. Parmele, H.B. and C.O. Jensen: Smoking tobacco product; British Patent No. 903,067 (August 9,1962).
130. Pietzsch, A.: Ein weiterer Beitrag zum Thema Retinierung von Rauchbestandteilen beim Zigarettenrauchen [An additional contribution to the theme of retention of smoke components from cigarette smoke]; Pharmazie (Berlin) 17 (1962) 36-41.
131. Cuzin, J.L., A. Testa, S. Testa, and G. Anguerra: Chemical and biological control of condensates from smoked tobacco treated after the Neukomm-Bonnet process; Z. Präventivmed. 28 (1963) 125-137.
132. Dickey, J.B. and G.P. Touey: Tobacco research: Hydrocarbon components of the gaseous phase of cigarette smoke; Seminar presented at Research Dept., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem NC (March 1, 1956), edited by A. Rodgman, see www.rjrtdocs.com 503132566-503132594
133. Tennessee Eastman Corporation: Composition of tobacco smoke; Tennessee Eastman Corp. Res. Rpt. No. 4-1201-1 (August 21, 1956).
134. Lyons, M.J.: Assay of possible carcinogenic hydrocarbons from cigarette smoke; Nature 177 (1956) 630-631.
135. Kröller, E.: Ergebnisse vergleichender Schwel- und Rauchversuche an Tabak [Comparative results of smoldering and smoking studies on tobacco]; Deut. Lebensm. Rundschau 60 (1964) 214-215.
136. th Natl. Mtg., Am. Chem. Soc., Atlantic City, NJ (1959) Paper No. 16U.
137. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. VII. The role of higher polycyclic hydrocarbons; Cancer 12 (1959) 1079-1086.
138. Hoffmann, D. and E.L. Wynder: Short-term determination of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons; Anal. Chem. 32 (1960) 295-296.
139. Hoffmann, D. and E.L. Wynder: On the isolation and identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Cancer 13 (1960) 1062-1073.
140. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Present status of laboratory studies on tobacco carcinogenesis; Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 52 (1961) 119-132.
141. Lettré, H. and A. Jahn: Zur Bildung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe während des Rauchprozesses [The formation of aromatic hydrocarbons during the smoking process]; Naturwissenschaften 42 (1955) 210.
142. Neukomm, S. and J. Bonnet: Untersuchungen über cancerogene Stoffe im Tabakrauch [Investigation of carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke]; Strahlen Therapie 37 (Suppl.) (1957) 128-132.
143. Rand, H.J., E.T. Alvord, S.Z. Cardon, and A. Burhan: A study of cigarette smoke and cigarette paper smoke alone; Am. J. Surg. 94 (1957) 438-1143
144. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: The role of higher polycyclic hydrocarbons in tobacco carcinogenesis; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 3(1) (1959) 74.
145. st Workshop Conf. on Lung Cancer Res. (App. A) (1958) 27-30.
146. British Empire Cancer Campaign: Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke; Brit. Emp. Cancer Camp., Ann. Rpt. 35 (1958) 303-305.
147. Bentley, H.R. and E.G.N. Berry: The constituents of tobacco smoke: An annotated bibliography. Research Paper No. 3; Tobacco Manufacturers' Standing Committee, London (1959).
148. Van Duuren, B.L.: The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette-smoke condensate. II; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 21 (1958) 623-630.
149. Van Duuren, B.L. and N. Nelson: The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2(4) (1958) 353.
150. Tennessee Eastman Corporation: Composition of tobacco smoke. II. Composition of tobacco extract and its pyrolysis products; Tennessee Eastman Corp. Res. Rpt. No. 4-1201-2 (April 13, 1959).
151. Mold, J.D., T.B. Walker, and L.G. Veasey: Selective separation of polycyclic aromatic compounds by countercurrent distribution with a solvent system containing tetramethyluric acid; Anal. Chem. 35(1963) 2071-2074.
152. Neukomm, S.: The newt test in relation to investigations on carcinogenic substances; in: Symposium: Analysis of carcinogenic air pollutants, edited by E. Sawicki and K. Casseis Jr, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monograph 9 (1962) 71-73.
153. GiI-Av, E. and J. Shabtai: Precursors of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke; Nature 197 (1963) 1065-1066.
154. Van Duuren, B.L.: Identification of some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette-smoke condensate; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 21 (1958) 1-16.
155. Wieske, R.: Zur Beurteilung von Filterzigaretten [On the evaluation of filter cigarettes]; Z. Lebensm. Untersuch. Forsch. 102 (1955) 123-127.
156. Wright, G.F and E.L. Wynder: Fractionation of cigarette tar; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2(1) (1955) 55.
157. Alvord, E.T. and S.Z. Cardon: Inhibition of the formation of 3,4-benzpyrene from cigarette paper smoke; Ann. Mtg., Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Atlanta GA (1955);
158. The inhibition of the formation of 3,4-benzpyrene in cigarette smoke; Brit. J. Cancer 10 (1956)498-503.
159. Falk, H.L. and P. Kotin: The experimental production of hydrocarbons in simulated cigarette smoking: Their analysis and quantitation; Progress Report No. 1, December 14, 1955, see http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/xxt6aa00
160. Falk, H.L.: The experimental production of hydrocarbons in simulated cigarette smoking: Their analysis and quantitation; Progress Report No. 2, February 1-November 20, 1956, see http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/uxt6aa00.
161. Babin, J., D. Polic, and B. Neskovic: Detection of carcinogenic substances in wide use. I. The amount of 3,4-benzpyrene in the smoke of "Morava" cigarettes; Glasnik 14 (4) (1956) 45-52.
162. Cardon, S.Z., E.T. Alvord, W.J. Rand, and R. Hitchcock: 3,4-Benzpyrene in the smoke of cigarette paper, tobacco, and cigarettes; Brit. J. Cancer 10 (1956) 485-497.
163. Kuratsune, M.: Benzo[a]pyrene content of certain pyrogenic materials; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 16 (1956) 1485-1496.
164. Lam, J.: Determination of 3,4-benzopyrene and other aromatic hydrocarbons formed by pyrolysis of aliphatic tobacco hydrocarbons; Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. 39 (1956)207-210.
165. Lettré, H., A. Jahn, and C. Hausbeck: Nachweis von 3,4-Benzpyrene unter den Rauchprodukten [Detection of 3,4-benzpyrene in smoke products]; Angew. Chem. 68(1956)212-213.
166. Wynder, E.L. and G.F Wright: Studies on the identification of carcinogens in cigarette tar; Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 2(2) (1956) 159.
167. rd Natl. Cancer Conf, June, 1956, JB Lippincott Company (1957) 479-484.
168. Neukomm, S.: Experimental studies on the carcinogenic power of tobacco smoke and other contaminants of the atmosphere; Oncologia 10 (1957) 137-155.
169. Wieske, R.: Untersuchungen über cancerogene Bestandteile im Tabakrauch [Investigations of the carcinogenic components in tobacco smoke]; Arzneimittelforschung 7 (1957) 324-329.
170. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.12, Paper No. 16,1958,pp. 6-7; .
171. Polynuclear hydrocarbons in tobacco and tobacco smoke. I. 3,4-Benzpyrene; Analyst 83 (1958) 442-447.
172. Cardon, S.Z.: 3,4-Benzpyrene in cigarette smoke; Tob. Sci. 2 (1958) 130-131.
173. Cierno, G.R.: Some aspects of the chemistry of tobacco smoke. I; Tetrahedron 3 (1958) 168-174.
174. st Conf. Lung Cancer Res. (1958) 49-50.
175. Hubert-Habart, M., R. Latarjet, D. Lavalette, B. Muel, L. René, and R. Royer: Comparaison des quantités de benzo-3,4 pyrène formées par combustion de divers types de papiers à cigarettes [Comparison of the quantities of 3,4-benzpyrene formed by the combustion of different types of cigarette papers]; Bull. Cancer 53 (1958) 53-56.
176. Latarjet, R., J.L. Cuzin, M. Hubert-Habart, B. Muel, and R. Royer: Détection quantitative du 3,4 benzopyrène formé par combustion du papier à cigarettes et du tabac [Quantitative detection of 3,4-benzpyrene formed by the combustion of cigarette paper and tobacco]; Bull. Assoc. France Étude Cancer 43 (1956) 180-198.
177. st Workshop Conf. on Lung Cancer Research (1958) 52-55.
178. Burgan, J.G.: The manufacturers' contribution to experimental research on smoking and lung cancer; Trans. Assoc. Ind. Med. Officers 9 (1959) 13-17.
179. Dikun, P.P.: Use of the fine structure of the fluorescence spectrum of 3,4-benzpyrene to increase the certainty of its detection; Voprosy Onkol. 5(12) (1959) 672-677.
180. Dikun, P.P. and S.G. Chushkin: Fluorescence spectral analysis of the products of tobacco smoke; Voprosy Onkol. 5(7) (1959) 34-37.
181. Lindsey, A.J., K. Persaud, and A. Candeli: Reduction of benzpyrene in tobacco smoke; Brit. Med. J. 1959(ii) 821.
182. Tennessee Eastman Corporation: Composition of tobacco smoke. III. Effects of the extraction of tobacco on amount of benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke tar; Tennessee Eastman Corp. Res. Rpt. No. 4-1201-3 (July 14, 1959).
183. Wynder, E.L., G.F Wright, and J. Lam: A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. VI. The role of precursors; Cancer 12 (1959) 1073-1078.
184. Bentley, H.R. and J.G. Burgan: Polynuclear hydrocarbons in tobacco and tobacco smoke. II. The origin of 3,4-benzpyrene found in tobacco and tobacco smoke; Analyst 85 (1960) 723-727.
185. Bentley, H.R. and J.G. Burgan: Polynuclear hydrocarbons in tobacco and tobacco smoke. III. The inhibition of the formation of 3,4-benzpyrene in cigarette smoke; Analyst 85 (1960) 727-730.
186. Candeli, A., A.J. Lindsey, and K. Persaud: Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke; Anal. Chim. Acta 22 (1960) 458-461.
187. Clemo, G.R.: Further aspects of the chemistry of tobacco smoke. II; Tetrahedron 11 (1960) 11-14.
188. Cuzin, J.L., M. Hubert-Habart, B. Muel, R. Roger, and R. Latarjet: La production du benzo-3,4-pyrene dans des cigarettes à papier imprégné de sulfamate d'ammonium [The production of 3,4-benzopyrene in cigarettes with paper impregnated with ammonium sulfamate]; Bull. Soc. Chim. France (1960) 982.
189. Dikun, P.P., S.G. Chushkin, A.L. Gritsiute, and A.L. Mironova: The results of studies on the possible carcinogenic effect of tobacco products; Voprosy Onkol. 6 (1960) 603-604.
190. Hubert-Habart, M.R.: Le benzo-3,4 pyrène pyroformé dans les produits de combustion de la cigarette: Détection, dosage, recherche des facteurs d'inhibition [Pyrogenesis of 3,4-benzpyrene in the products from cigarette combustion: Detection, yield, research on inhibition factors]; Thesis, University of Paris (1960).
191. Pavlu, J. and J. Sula: Detection and estimation of 3,4-benzpyrene and arsenic in cigarette smoke; Casopis Lekaru Českých 96 (1960) 101-104, for translation see www.rjrtdocs.com 503288286-503288293
192. Takayama, S. and K. Oota: Chemical analysis of cigarette tar produced by human smoking; Gann 51 (1960) 97-103.
193. Grimmer, G.: Eine Methode zur Bestimmung von 3,4-Benzpyrene in Tabakrauchkondensaten [A method for the estimation of 3,4-benzpyrene in tobacco smoke condensate]; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 1 (1961) 107-116.
194. Guérin, M.: Étude sur la pouvoir cocarcinogène du goudron de fumée de cigarette [Study of the cocarcinogenic property of tar from cigarette smoke]; Bull. Assoc. Franc. Étude Cancer 48 (1961) 365-376.
195. Mouron, J.C., J. Bonnet, and S. Neukomm: Variations de la composition chimique de la fumée du tabac par l'addition de produites purs à du tabac complètement extrait [Variations in the chemical composition of the smoke from tobacco by addition of pure products to completely extracted tobacco]; Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 67 (1961) 447-453.
196. Rand, H.J., S.Z. Cardon, E.T. Alvord, and A. Burhan: A study of cigarette smoke and cigarette paper smoke alone; Cancer Cytol. 4 (1961) 18-21.
197. Barkemeyer, H.: Eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung des 3,4-Benzpyrens in Tabakrauchkondensaten [A new method for the determination of 3,4-benzpyrene in tobacco smoke condensate]; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 1 (1962)325-328.
198. Bell, J.H.: Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke condensate; Report, August 30, 1962, see www.Lorillarddocs.com 00118749-118752
199. Bentley, H.R.: A study of carcinogenic components in tobacco smoke; Brit. Emp. Cancer Camp., Ann. Rpt. 39 (1962)25.
200. Dikun, P.P., N.D. Krasnitskaya, and S.G. Chushkin: Some data on the content of 3,4-benzpyrene in tobacco smoke; Voprosy Onkol. 8 (1962) 31-35.
201. Druckrey, H. and A. Schildbach: Quantitativen Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung des Benzpyrens für die carcinogene Wirkung von Tabakrauch [Quantitative investigation of the significance of benzpyrene in the carcinogenic action of tobacco smoke]; Z. Krebsforsch. 65(1963)465-470.
202. Hoffmann, D., G. Rathkamp, and E.L. Wynder: Comparison of the yields of several selected components in the smoke from different tobacco products; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 31 (1963) 627-637.
203. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.17, Paper No. 20,1963, pp. 15-16.
204. th Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol.17, Paper No. 19, 1963, p. 15.
205. Waltz, P. and M. Häusermann: Sur un traitement du tabac en vue de diminuer la teneur en hydrocarbures policycliques de la fumée [On the treatment of tobacco to diminish the level of polycyclic hydrocarbons in its smoke]; Z. Präventivmed. 8 (1963) 111-124.
206. Izawa, M.: Review of studies of tobacco smoke; Nippon Senbai Kosha(1961).
207. Schoental, R.: Carcinogenic activity of 3,4,9,10dibenzpyrene; Acta Unio Internat. Contra Cancrum 15 (1959)216-219.
208. Johnstone, R.A.W. and P.M. Quan: Naphthalenes in cigarette smoke; Nature 199 (1963) 1184.
209. st Session (1957) 63-114, see p. 104.