Can the diabetes/cardiovascular disease epidemic in India be explained, at least in part, by excess refined grain (rice) intake?

Indian Journal of Medical Research

Volumn 131, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 369-372

  Mohan, V ^a   Radhika, G ^a   Vijayalakshmi, P ^a   Sudha, V ^a  

^a MADRAS DIABETES RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PROLINE;

AIR POLLUTION; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CEREAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; EDITORIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPIDEMIC; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD PROCESSING; FOOD QUALITY; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC INDEX; GLYCEMIC LOAD; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INDIA; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MILLET; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RICE; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; URBAN AREA; URBANIZATION; WHEAT;

CARBOHYDRATES; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CEREALS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; HUMANS; INDIA; ORYZA SATIVA; PREVALENCE; RURAL POPULATION; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 77949760907     PISSN: 09715916     EISSN: 09715916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Editorial

References (25)

1. International Diabetes Federation. Unwin N, Whiting D, Gan D, Jacqmain O, Ghyoot G, editors. IDF diabetes atlas. 4th ed. Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2009. p. 12.
2. Radha V, Vimaleswaran KS, Babu HNS, Abate N, Chandalia M, Satija P, et al. Role of genetic polymorphism peroxisome proliferator - Activated Receptor - 2 Pro 12Ala on ethnic susceptibility to diabetes in south Asian and Caucasian subjects (CURES - 5). Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1046-51.
3. Mohan V, Deepa M, Deepa R, Shanthirani CS, Farooq S, Ganesan A, et al. Secular trends in the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in urban south India - the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-17). Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1175-8.
4. Cropper ML, Simon NB, Alberini A, Sharma PK. The health effects of air pollution in Delhi, India. Policy Research Working Paper No. 1860. Washington DC: The World Bank Development Research Group; December 1997.
5. Mohan V, Gokulakrishnan K, Deepa R, Shanthirani CS, Datta M. Association of physical inactivity with components of metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease - The Chennai Urban Population Study [CUPS No. 15]. Diabet Med 2005; 22: 1206-11.
6. Mohan V, Mathur P, Deepa R, Deepa M, Shukla DK, Menon GR, et al. Urban rural differences in prevalence of self- reported diabetes in India - The WHO-ICMR Indian NCD risk factor surveillance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 80: 159-68.
7. World Health Organization (WHO). Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases. Joint WHO/FAO Expert consultation. WHO Technical Report Series no.916. Geneva: WHO; 2003. p. 1-149.
8. Radhika G, Van Dam RM, Sudha V, Ganesan A, Mohan V. Refined grain consumption and the metabolic syndrome in urban Asian Indians (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 57). Metabolism 2009; 58: 675-81.
9. Wolever TMS, Mehling C. Long term effect of varying the source or amount of dietary carbohydrate on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol and free fatty acid concentrations in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 612-21.
10. Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 362-6.
11. Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fibre, glycemic load, and risk of non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA 1997; 277: 472-7.
12. Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, et al. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake and risk of coronary heart diseases in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 1455-61.
13. Villegas R, Liu S, Gao YT, Yang G, Li H, Zheng W, et al. Prospective study of dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese women. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 2310-6.
14. Mohan V, Radhika G, Sathya RM, Tamil SR, Ganesan A, Sudha V. Dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic load, food groups and newly detected type 2 diabetes among urban Asian Indian population in Chennai, India (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 59). Br J Nutr 2009; 102: 1498-506.
15. Padmavati S. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in India. II. Ischaemic heart disease. Circulation 1962; 25: 711-7.
16. Ahuja MMS. Epidemiological studies on diabetes mellitus in India. In: Ahuja MMS, editor. Epidemiology of diabetes in developing countries. New Delhi: Interprint; 1979. p. 29-38.
17. Juliano BO. Rice in human nutrition (FAO Food and Nutrition). In: Collaboration of the International Rice Research Institute and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Food and Nutrition Series no: 26. Rome: FAO; 1993. p. 1-162.
18. Slavin JL, Martini MC, Jacobs DR Jr, Marquart L. Plausible mechanisms for the protectiveness of whole grains. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70 (Suppl 3): 459-63.
19. Lee WR. The changing demography of diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000; 50 (Suppl) 2: 35-9.
20. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Kapur A, Vijay V, Mohan V, Das AK, et al. Diabetes Epidemiology Study Group in India (DESI). High prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India: National Urban Diabetes Survey. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 1094-101.
21. Park D, Desai P, Aiyengar J, Balladur A. Geographic differences in the characteristics of coronary artery disease in India. Int J Cardiol 1998; 67: 187-9.
22. Radhika G, Sudha V, Sathya R, Ganesan A, Mohan V. Association of fruit and vegetable intake with cardiovascular risk factors in urban south Indians. Br J Nutr 2008; 99: 398-405.
23. Pereira MA, Jacobs DR Jr, Pins JJ, Raatz SK, Gross MD, Slavin JL, et al. Effect of whole grains on insulin sensitivity in overweight hyperinsulinemic adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 848-55.
24. Bosello O, Ostuzzi R, Armellini F, Micciolo R, Scuro LA. Glucose tolerance and blood lipids in bran-fed patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 46-9.
25. National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes / Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPDCS). Available at: http://www.igovernment.in/site/pilot-project-to-fight-diabetes-cardio-vascular-diseases-launched/, accessed on September 13, 2008.