Visfatin/PBEF and atherosclerosis-related diseases

Current Vascular Pharmacology

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 12-28

  Filippatos, Theodosios D ^a   Randeva, Harpal S ^b   Derdemezis, Christos S ^c   Elisaf, Moses S ^c   Mikhailidis, Dimitri P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes mellitus; Dyslipidaemia; Hypertension; Obesity; Renal disease; Visfatin

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ATORVASTATIN; FENOFIBRATE; FLUTAMIDE; GESTAGEN; GLUCOSE; GROWTH HORMONE; HORMONE; INSULIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; LIOTHYRONINE; MESSENGER RNA; METFORMIN; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE; NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PIOGLITAZONE; PRE BETA COLONY ENHANCING FACTOR; PROGESTERONE; ROSIGLITAZONE; ROSUVASTATIN; SIBUTRAMINE; SIMVASTATIN; SOMATOSTATIN; SPIRONOLACTONE; TESTOSTERONE; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN; TRANDOLAPRIL PLUS VERAPAMIL; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; BODY FAT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EXERCISE; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; IRON METABOLISM; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LOW CALORY DIET; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; OVERNUTRITION; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY DIABETES MELLITUS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN SECRETION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; STROMA CELL; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

ANIMALS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HUMANS; NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE;

EID: 77949503681     PISSN: 15701611     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157016110790226679     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. Samal B, Sun Y, Stearns G, Xie C, Suggs S, McNiece I. Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-Bcell colony-enhancing factor. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14: 1431-7.
2. Kitani T, Okuno S, Fujisawa H. Growth phase-dependent changes in the subcellular localization of pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor. FEBS Lett 2003; 544: 74-8.
3. Ognjanovic S, Bao S, Yamamoto SY, Garibay-Tupas J, Samal B, Bryant-Greenwood GD. Genomic organization of the gene coding for human pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor and expression in human fetal membranes. J Mol Endocrinol 2001; 26: 107-17.
4. Ognjanovic S, Bryant-Greenwood GD. Pre-B-cell colonyenhancing factor, a novel cytokine of human fetal membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187: 1051-8.
5. Jia SH, Li Y, Parodo J, Kapus A, Fan L, Rotstein OD, et al. Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor inhibits neutrophil apoptosis in experimental inflammation and clinical sepsis. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 1318-27.
6. Ye SQ, Zhang LQ, Adyshev D, Usatyuk PV, Garcia AN, Lavoie TL, et al. Pre-B-cell-colony-enhancing factor is critically involved in thrombin-induced lung endothelial cell barrier dysregulation. Microvasc Res 2005; 70(3): 142-51.
7. Nowell MA, Richards PJ, Fielding CA, Ognjanovic S, Topley N, Williams AS, et al. Regulation of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor by STAT-3-dependent interleukin-6 trans-signaling: implications in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54: 2084-95.
8. Ye SQ, Simon BA, Maloney JP, Zambelli-Weiner A, Gao L, Grant A, et al. Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor as a potential novel biomarker in acute lung injury. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 361-70.
9. Otero M, Lago R, Gomez R, Lago F, Dieguez C, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al. Changes in plasma levels of fat-derived hormones adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 1198-201.
10. Moschen AR, Kaser A, Enrich B, Mosheimer B, Theurl M, Niederegger H, et al. Visfatin, an adipocytokine with proinflammatory and immunomodulating properties. J Immunol 2007; 178: 1748-58.
11. Brentano F, Schorr O, Ospelt C, Stanczyk J, Gay RE, Gay S, et al. Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor/visfatin, a new marker of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis with proinflammatory and matrix-degrading activities. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 2829-39.
12. Garcia JG, Moreno Vinasco L. Genomic insights into acute inflammatory lung injury. Am J Physiol 2006; 291: L1113-7.
13. Garcia JG. Searching for candidate genes in acute lung injury: SNPs, Chips and PBEF. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2005; 116: 205-19.
14. Bajwa EK, Yu CL, Gong MN, Thompson BT, Christiani DC. Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor gene polymorphisms and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1290-5.
15. Luk T, Malam Z, Marshall JC. Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)/visfatin: a novel mediator of innate immunity. J Leuk Biol 2008; 83(4): 804-16.
16. Kendal CE, Bryant-Greenwood GD. Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF/Visfatin) gene expression is modulated by NF-kappaB and AP-1 in human amniotic epithelial cells. Placenta 2007; 28: 305-14.
17. Rongvaux A, Shea RJ, Mulks MH, Gigot D, Urbain J, Leo O, et al. Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor, whose expression is upregulated in activated lymphocytes, is a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, a cytosolic enzyme involved in NAD biosynthesis. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32: 3225-34.
18. Ziegler M. New functions of a long-known molecule. Emerging roles of NAD in cellular signaling. Eur J Biochem/FEBS 2000; 267: 1550-64.
19. Van der Veer E, Ho C, O'Neil C, Barbosa N, Scott R, Cregan SP, et al. Extension of human cell lifespan by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 10841-5.
20. +-dependent protein deacetylase activity and promotes vascular smooth muscle cell maturation. Circulation Res 2005; 97: 25-34.
21. Fukuhara A, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Segawa K, Tanaka M, Kishimoto K, et al. Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin. Science 2005; 307: 426-30.
22. Retraction of: Fukuhara A, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Segawa K, Tanaka M, Kishimoto K, et al. Science 2005; 307: 426-30. Science (New York, NY) 2007; 26: 426-30.
23. Xie H, Tang SY, Luo XH, Huang J, Cui RR, Yuan LQ, et al. Insulin-like effects of visfatin on human osteoblasts. Calc Tissue Int 2007; 80: 201-10.
24. Revollo JR, Korner A, Mills KF, Satoh A, Wang T, Garten A, et al. Nampt/PBEF/Visfatin regulates insulin secretion in beta cells as a systemic NAD biosynthetic enzyme. Cell Metab 2007; 6: 363-75.
25. MacLaren R, Cui W, Cianflone K. Visfatin expression is hormonally regulated by metabolic and sex hormones in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9: 490-7.
26. Haider DG, Schaller G, Kapiotis S, Maier C, Luger A, Wolzt M. The release of the adipocytokine visfatin is regulated by glucose and insulin. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1909-14.
27. Tanaka T, Nabeshima Y. Nampt/PBEF/Visfatin: A new player in beta cell physiology and in metabolic diseases? Cell Metab 2007; 6: 341-3.
28. Revollo JR, Grimm AA, Imai S. The regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis by Nampt/PBEF/visfatin in mammals. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2007; 23: 164-70.
29. Bazuine M, Carlotti F, Tafrechi RS, Hoeben RC, Maassen JA. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 and -4 attenuate p38 MAPK during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 18: 1697-1707.
30. Sakoda H, Ogihara T, Anai M, Funaki M, Inukai K, Katagiri H, et al. Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is due to inhibition of glucose transport rather than insulin signal transduction. Diabetes 2000; 49: 1700-8.
31. Ando H, Yanagihara H, Hayashi Y, Obi Y, Tsuruoka S, Takamura T, et al. Rhythmic messenger ribonucleic acid expression of clock genes and adipocytokines in mouse visceral adipose tissue. Endocrinology 2005; 146: 5631-6.
32. Kralisch S, Klein J, Lossner U, Bluher M, Paschke R, Stumvoll M, et al. Interleukin-6 is a negative regulator of visfatin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol 2005; 289: E586-90.
33. Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tan X, Liu H, Tang Y, et al. Exenatide prevents fat-induced insulin resistance and raises adiponectin expression and plasma levels. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 10: 921-30.
34. Haider DG, Mittermayer F, Schaller G, Artwohl M, Baumgartner-Parzer SM, Prager G, et al. Free fatty acids normalize a rosiglitazone-induced visfatin release. Am J Physiol 2006; 291: E885-90.
35. Choi KC, Ryu OH, Lee KW, Kim HY, Seo JA, Kim SG, et al. Effect of PPAR-alpha and -gamma agonist on the expression of visfatin, adiponectin, and TNF-alpha in visceral fat of OLETF rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 336: 747-53.
36. Kloting N, Kloting I. Visfatin: gene expression in isolated adipocytes and sequence analysis in obese WOKW rats compared with lean control rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 332: 1070-2.
37. Bailey SD, Loredo-Osti JC, Lepage P, Faith J, Fontaine J, Desbiens KM, et al. Common polymorphisms in the promoter of the visfatin gene (PBEF1) influence plasma insulin levels in a French-Canadian population. Diabetes 2006; 55: 2896-902.
38. Zhang YY, Gottardo L, Thompson R, Powers C, Nolan D, Duffy J, et al. A visfatin promoter polymorphism is associated with lowgrade inflammation and type 2 diabetes. Obesity 2006; 14: 2119-26.
39. Bottcher Y, Teupser D, Enigk B, Berndt J, Kloting N, Schon MR, et al. Genetic variation in the visfatin gene (PBEF1) and its relation to glucose metabolism and fat-depot-specific messenger ribonucleic acid expression in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 2725-31.
40. Jian WX, Luo TH, Gu YY, Zhang HL, Zheng S, Dai M, et al. The visfatin gene is associated with glucose and lipid metabolism in a Chinese population. Diabet Med 2006; 23: 967-73.
41. Tan BK, Chen J, Digby JE, Keay SD, Kennedy CR, Randeva HS. Increased visfatin messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels in adipose tissue and adipocytes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: parallel increase in plasma visfatin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 5022-8.
42. Marcinkowska M, Lewandowski KC, Lewinski A, Bienkiewicz M, Basinska-Lewandowska M, Salata I, et al. Visfatin levels do not change after the oral glucose tolerance test and after a dexamethasone-induced increase in insulin resistance in humans. Endokrynologia Pol 2007; 58: 188-94.
43. Filippatos TD, Derdemezis CS, Gazi IF, Lagos K, Kiortsis DN, Tselepis AD, et al. Increased plasma visfatin levels in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38: 71-2.
44. Zhong M, Tan HW, Gong HP, Wang SF, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Increased serum visfatin in patients with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 69: 878-84.
45. Filippatos TD, Derdemezis CS, Kiortsis DN, Tselepis AD, Elisaf MS. Increased plasma levels of visfatin/pre-B cell colonyenhancing factor in obese and overweight patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Invest 2007; 30: 323-6.
46. Haider DG, Pleiner J, Francesconi M, Wiesinger GF, Muller M, Wolzt M. Exercise training lowers plasma visfatin concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 4702-4
47. Lopez-Bermejo A, Chico-Julia B, Fernandez-Balsells M, Recasens M, Esteve E, Casamitjana R, et al. Serum visfatin increases with progressive beta-cell deterioration. Diabetes 2006; 55: 2871-5.
48. Dogru T, Sonmez A, Tasci I, Bozoglu E, Yilmaz MI, Genc H, et al. Plasma visfatin levels in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76: 24-9.
49. Chen MP, Chung FM, Chang DM, Tsai JC, Huang HF, Shin SJ, et al. Elevated plasma level of visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 295-9.
50. Zhu J, Schott M, Liu R, Liu C, Shen B, Wang Q, et al. Intensive glycemic control lowers plasma visfatin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2008; 40: 801-5.
51. Sandeep S, Velmurugan K, Deepa R, Mohan V. Serum visfatin in relation to visceral fat, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian Indians. Metabolism 2007; 56: 565-70.
52. Tsiotra PC, Tsigos C, Yfanti E, Anastasiou E, Vikentiou M, Psarra K, et al. Visfatin, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA Expression is Increased in mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic women. Horm Met Res 2007; 39: 758-63.
53. Takebayashi K, Suetsugu M, Wakabayashi S, Aso Y, Inukai T. Association between plasma visfatin and vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2007; 56: 451-8.
54. Li L, Yang G, Li Q, Tang Y, Yang M, Yang H, et al. Changes and relations of circulating visfatin, apelin, and resistin levels in normal, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006; 114: 544-8.
55. Krzyzanowska K, Krugluger W, Mittermayer F, Rahman R, Haider D, Shnawa N, et al. Increased visfatin concentrations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci 2006; 110: 605-9.
56. Lewandowski KC, Stojanovic N, Press M, Tuck SM, Szosland K, Bienkiewicz M, et al. Elevated serum levels of visfatin in gestational diabetes: a comparative study across various degrees of glucose tolerance. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 1033-7.
57. Haider DG, Handisurya A, Storka A, Vojtassakova E, Luger A, Pacini G, et al. Visfatin response to glucose is reduced in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1889-91.
58. Akturk M, Altinova AE, Mert I, Buyukkagnici U, Sargin A, Arslan M, et al. Visfatin concentration is decreased in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the third trimester. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31: 610-3.
59. Chan TF, Chen YL, Lee CH, Chou FH, Wu LC, Jong SB, et al. Decreased plasma visfatin concentrations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Soc Gynecol Invest 2006; 13: 364-7.
60. Kowalska I, Straczkowski M, Nikolajuk A, Adamska A, Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Otziomek E, et al. Serum visfatin in relation to insulin resistance and markers of hyperandrogenism in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Rep 2007; 22: 1824-9.
61. Panidis D, Farmakiotis D, Rousso D, Katsikis I, Delkos D, Piouka A, et al. Plasma visfatin levels in normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Intern Med 2008; 19: 406-12.
62. Hsieh CH, He CT, Lee CH, Wu LY, Hung YJ. Both slow-release and regular-form metformin improve glycemic control without altering plasma visfatin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2007; 56: 1087-92.
63. Varma V, Yao-Borengasser A, Rasouli N, Bodles AM, Phanavanh B, Lee MJ, et al. Human visfatin expression: relationship to insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipids and inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 666-72.
64. Erdem G, Dogru T, Tasci I, Bozoglu E, Muhsiroglu O, Tapan S, et al. The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 82: 214-8.
65. Hammarstedt A, Pihlajamäki J, Rotter SV, Gogg S, Jansson PA, Laakso M, et al. Visfatin is an adipokine, but it is not regulated by thiazolidinediones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 1181-4.
66. Pfutzner A, Hanefeld M, Lubben G, Weber MM, Karagiannis E, Kohler C, et al. Visfatin: a putative biomarker for metabolic syndrome is not influenced by pioglitazone or simvastatin treatment in non-diabetic patients at cardiovascular risk - results from the PIOSTAT Study. Horm Metab Res 2007; 39: 764-8.
67. Haider DG, Schindler K, Mittermayer F, Muller M, Nowotny P, Rieger A, et al. Effect of rosiglitazone on visfatin and retinolbinding protein-4 plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients. Clin Pharmacol Therapeut 2007; 81: 580-5.
68. Ibanez L, Lopez-Bermejo A, Diaz M, Enriquez G, Valls C, de Zegher F. Pioglitazone (7.5 mg/day) added to flutamide-metformin in women with androgen excess: additional increments of visfatin and high molecular weight adiponectin. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 68: 317-20.
69. Pfutzner A, Marx N, Walcher D, Lobig M, Seidel D, Forst T. Impact of rosiglitazone on visfatin and adiponectin plasma concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Clin Lab 2008; 54: 237-41.
70. Mercader J, Granados N, Caimari A, Oliver P, Bonet ML, Palou A. Retinol-binding protein 4 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/ visfatin in rat obesity models. Hormone Metab Res Hormonund Stoffwechselforschung 2008; 40: 467-72.
71. Palin MF, Labrecque B, Beaudry D, Mayhue M, Bordignon V, Murphy BD. Visfatin expression is not associated with adipose tissue abundance in the porcine model. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 35: 58-73.
72. Fain JN, Sacks HS, Buehrer B, Bahouth SW, Garrett E, Wolf RY, et al. Identification of omentin mRNA in human epicardial adipose tissue: comparison to omentin in subcutaneous, internal mammary artery periadventitial and visceral abdominal depots. Int J Obes 2008; 32: 810-5.
73. Curat CA, Wegner V, Sengenes C, Miranville A, Tonus C, Busse R, et al. Macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue: increased accumulation in obesity and a source of resistin and visfatin. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 744-7.
74. Samara A, Pfister M, Marie B, Visvikis-Siest S. Visfatin, lowgrade inflammation and BMI. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 69: 568-74.
75. Hector J, Schwarzloh B, Goehring J, Strate TG, Hess UF, Deuretzbacher G, et al. TNF-alpha alters visfatin and adiponectin levels in human fat. Horm Metab Res 2007; 39: 250-5.
76. Berndt J, Kloting N, Kralisch S, Kovacs P, Fasshauer M, Schon MR, et al. Plasma visfatin concentrations and fat depot-specific mRNA expression in humans. Diabetes 2005; 54: 2911-6.
77. Pagano C, Pilon C, Olivieri M, Mason P, Fabris R, Serra R, et al. Reduced plasma visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in obesity is not related to insulin resistance in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3165-70.
78. Manco M, Fernandez-Real JM, Equitani F, Vendrell J, Valera Mora ME, Nanni G, et al. Effect of massive weight loss on inflammatory adipocytokines and the innate immune system in morbidly obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 483-90.
79. Botella-Carretero JI, Luque-Ramirez M, Alvarez-Blasco F, Peromingo R, San Millan JL, Escobar-Morreale HF. The increase in serum visfatin after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese women is modulated by weight loss, waist circumference, and presence or absence of diabetes before surgery. Obes Surg 2008; 18: 1000-6.
80. Malavazos AE, Ermetici F, Cereda E, Coman C, Locati M, Morricone L, et al. Epicardial fat thickness: Relationship with plasma visfatin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in visceral obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 18: 523-30.
81. Zahorska-Markiewicz B, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Janowska J, Kocelak P, Semik-Grabarczyk E, Holecki M, et al. Serum concentration of visfatin in obese women. Metabolism 2007; 56: 1131-4.
82. Haider DG, Schindler K, Schaller G, Prager G, Wolzt M, Ludvik B. Increased plasma visfatin concentrations in morbidly obese subjects are reduced after gastric banding. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 1578-81.
83. Garcia-Fuentes E, Garcia-Almeida JM, Garcia-Arnes J, Garcia-Serrano S, Rivas-Marin J, Gallego-Perales JL, et al. Plasma visfatin concentrations in severely obese subjects are increased after intestinal bypass. Obesity 2007; 15: 2391-5.
84. Choi KM, Kim JH, Cho GJ, Baik SH, Park HS, Kim SM. Effect of exercise training on plasma visfatin and eotaxin levels. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 157: 437-42.
85. Sheu WH, Chang TM, Lee WJ, Ou HC, Wu CM, Tseng LN, et al. Effect of weight loss on proinflammatory state of mononuclear cells in obese women. Obesity 2008; 16: 1033-8.
86. Araki S, Dobashi K, Kubo K, Kawagoe R, Yamamoto Y, Kawada Y, et al. Plasma visfatin concentration as a surrogate marker for visceral fat accumulation in obese children. Obesity 2008; 16: 384-8.
87. Haider DG, Holzer G, Schaller G, Weghuber D, Widhalm K, Wagner O, et al. The adipokine visfatin is markedly elevated in obese children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43: 548-9.
88. Jin H, Jiang B, Tang J, Lu W, Wang W, Zhou L, et al. Serum visfatin concentrations in obese adolescents and its correlation with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 79: 412-8.
89. Sun G, Bishop J, Khalili S, Vasdev S, Gill V, Pace D, et al. Serum visfatin concentrations are positively correlated with serum triacylglycerols and down-regulated by overfeeding in healthy young men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 85: 399-404.
90. Frydelund-Larsen L, Akerstrom T, Nielsen S, Keller P, Keller C, Pedersen BK. Visfatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by exercise. Am J Physiol 2007; 292: E24-31.
91. de Luis DA, Sagrado MG, Conde R, Aller R, Izaola O, Romero E. Effect of a hypocaloric diet on serum visfatin in obese non-diabetic patients. Nutrition 2008; 24: 517-21.
92. Filippatos TD, Kiortsis DN, Liberopoulos EN, Georgoula M, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf MS. Effect of orlistat, micronised fenofibrate and their combination on metabolic parameters in overweight and obese patients with the metabolic syndrome: the FenOrli study. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21: 1997-2006.
93. Filippatos TD, Gazi IF, Liberopoulos EN, Athyros VG, Elisaf MS, Tselepis AD, et al. The effect of orlistat and fenofibrate, alone or in combination, on small dense LDL and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2007; 193: 428-37.
94. Filippatos TD, Liberopoulos EN, Kostapanos M, Gazi IF, Papavasiliou EC, Kiortsis DN, et al. The effects of orlistat and fenofibrate, alone or in combination, on high-density lipoprotein subfractions and pre-beta1-HDL levels in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10: 476-83.
95. Filippatos TD, Derdemezis CS, Georgoula M, Kiortsis DN, Tselepis AD, Elisaf MS. Fenofibrate and orlistat, alone or in combination, do not alter plasma visfatin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome. J Med Sci Res 2007; 2: 9-10.
96. Nakou E, Filippatos T, Liberopoulos E, Tselepis A, Kiortsis D, Mikhailidis D, et al. Effects of sibutramine plus verapamil SR/trandolapril combination on blood pressure and metabolic variables in obese hypertensive patients. Exp Opin Pharm 2008; 9: 1629-39.
97. Swarbrick MM, Stanhope KL, Austrheim-Smith IT, Van Loan MD, Ali MR, Wolfe BM, et al. Longitudinal changes in pancreatic and adipocyte hormones following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 1901-11.
98. Krzyzanowska K, Mittermayer F, Krugluger W, Kopp HP, Schernthaner G. Increase in visfatin after weight loss induced by gastroplastic surgery. Obesity 2006; 14: 1886-9.
99. Wen Y, Wang HW, Wu J, Lu HL, Hu XF, Cianflone K. Effects of fatty acid regulation on visfatin gene expression in adipocytes. Chin Med J 2006; 119: 1701-8.
100. Mauser W, Perwitz N, Meier B, Fasshauer M, Klein J. Direct adipotropic actions of atorvastatin: differentiation state-dependent induction of apoptosis, modulation of endocrine function, and inhibition of glucose uptake. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 564: 37-46.
101. Ingelsson E, Larson MG, Fox CS, Yin X, Wang TJ, Lipinska I, et al. Clinical correlates of circulating visfatin levels in a communitybased sample. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1278-80.
102. Wang P, van Greevenbroek MM, Bouwman FG, Brouwers MC, van der Kallen CJ, Smit E, et al. The circulating PBEF/NAMPT/ visfatin level is associated with a beneficial blood lipid profile. Pflugers Arch 2007; 454: 971-6.
103. Smith J, Al-Amri M, Sniderman A, Cianflone K. Visfatin concentration in Asian Indians is correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. Clin Endocrinol 2006; 65: 667-72.
104. Chen CC, Li TC, Li CI, Liu CS, Lin WY, Wu MT, et al. The relationship between visfatin levels and anthropometric and metabolic parameters: association with cholesterol levels in women. Metabolism 2007; 56: 1216-20.
105. Seo JA, Jang ES, Kim BG, Ryu OH, Kim HY, Lee KW, et al. Plasma visfatin levels are positively associated with circulating interleukin-6 in apparently healthy Korean women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 79: 108-11.
106. Kostapanos MS, Derdemezis CS, Filippatos TD, Milionis HJ, Kiortsis DN, Tselepis AD, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin treatment on plasma visfatin levels in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 578: 249-52.
107. Derdemezis C, Filippatos T, Tselepis A, Mikhailidis D, Elisaf M. Effects of ezetimibe, either alone or in combination with atorvastatin, on serum visfatin levels. A pilot study. Exp Opin Pharm 2008; 9: 1829-37.
108. Oki K, Koide J, Nakanishi S, Nakashima R, Yamane K. Fenofibrate increases high molecular weight adiponectin in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. Endocrine J 2007; 54: 431-5.
109. Kralisch S, Klein J, Lossner U, Bluher M, Paschke R, Stumvoll M, et al. Hormonal regulation of the novel adipocytokine visfatin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Endocrinol 2005; 185: R1-8.
110. Dogru T, Sonmez A, Tasci I, Yilmaz MI, Erdem G, Erturk H, et al. Plasma visfatin levels in young male patients with uncomplicated and newly diagnosed hypertension. J Hum Hypertension 2007; 21: 173-5.
111. Fasshauer M, Waldeyer T, Seeger J, Schrey S, Ebert T, Kratzsch J, et al. Serum levels of the adipokine visfatin are increased in preeclampsia. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 69: 69-73.
112. Hu W, Wang Z, Wang H, Huang H, Dong M. Serum visfatin levels in late pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2008; 87: 413-8.
113. Malamitsi-Puchner A, Briana DD, Gourgiotis D, Boutsikou M, Baka S, Hassiakos D. Blood visfatin concentrations in normal fullterm pregnancies. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96: 526-9.
114. Matsumoto S, Takebayashi K, Aso Y. The effect of spironolactone on circulating adipocytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2006; 55: 1645-52.
115. Jarrar MH, Baranova A, Collantes R, Ranard B, Stepanova M, Bennett C, et al. Adipokines and cytokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27: 412-21.
116. Aller R, de Luis DA, Izaola O, Sagrado MG, Conde R, Velasco MC, et al. Influence of visfatin on histopathological changes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54: 1772-7.
117. Axelsson J, Witasp A, Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Suliman ME, Heimburger O, et al. Circulating levels of visfatin/pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor 1 in relation to genotype, GFR, body composition, and survival in patients with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 49: 237-44.
118. Yilmaz MI, Saglam M, Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Caglar K, Eyileten T, et al. Serum visfatin concentration and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 959-65.
119. Yilmaz MI, Saglam M, Qureshi AR, Carrero JJ, Caglar K, Eyileten T, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in type-2 diabetics with early diabetic nephropathy is associated with low circulating adiponectin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 1621-7.
120. Ziegelmeier M, Bachmann A, Seeger J, Lossner U, Kratzsch J, Bluher M, et al. Adipokines influencing metabolic and cardiovascular disease are differentially regulated in maintenance hemodialysis. Metabolism 2008; 57: 1414-21.
121. Kato A, Odamaki M, Ishida J, Hishida A. Relationship between serum pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor/visfatin and atherosclerotic parameters in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 2009; 29: 31-5.
122. Kim SR, Bae YH, Bae SK, Choi KS, Yoon KH, Koo TH, et al. Visfatin enhances ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression through ROSdependent NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1783: 886-95.
123. Adya R, Tan BK, Chen J, Randeva HS. Nuclear factor-kappaB induction by visfatin in human vascular endothelial cells: its role in MMP-2/9 production and activation. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 758-60.
124. Adya R, Tan BK, Punn A, Chen J, Randeva HS. Visfatin induces human endothelial VEGF and MMP-2/9 production via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways: novel insights into visfatin-induced angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 78: 356-65.
125. Dahl TB, Yndestad A, Skjelland M, Oie E, Dahl A, Michelsen A, et al. Increased expression of visfatin in macrophages of human unstable carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: possible role in inflammation and plaque destabilization. Circulation 2007; 115: 972-80.
126. Salcedo R, Ponce ML, Young HA, Wasserman K, Ward JM, Kleinman HK, et al. Human endothelial cells express CCR2 and respond to MCP-1: direct role of MCP-1 in angiogenesis and tumor progression. Blood 2000; 96: 34-40.
127. Chen LF, Greene WC. Shaping the nuclear action of NF-kappaB. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2004; 5: 392-401.
128. Cheng KH, Chu CS, Lee KT, Lin TH, Hsieh CC, Chiu CC, et al. Adipocytokines and proinflammatory mediators from abdominal and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Obes 2008; 32: 268-74.
129. Alghasham AA, Barakat YA. Serum visfatin and its relation to insulin resistance and inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macroangiopathy. Saudi Med J 2008; 29: 185-92.
130. Korner A, Garten A, Bluher M, Tauscher R, Kratzsch J, Kiess W. Molecular characteristics of serum visfatin and differential detection by immunoassays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4783-91.
131. Choi KC, Lee SY, Yoo HJ, Ryu OH, Lee KW, Kim SM, et al. Effect of PPAR-delta agonist on the expression of visfatin, adiponectin, and resistin in rat adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357: 62-7.
132. Chu CH, Lee JK, Wang MC, Lu CC, Sun CC, Chuang MJ, et al. Change of visfatin, C-reactive protein concentrations, and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroidism. Metabolism 2008; 57: 1380-3.
133. Iwen KA, Senyaman O, Schwartz A, Drenckhan M, Meier B, Hadaschik D, et al. Melanocortin crosstalk with adipose functions: ACTH directly induces insulin resistance, promotes a proinflammatory adipokine profile and stimulates UCP-1 in adipocytes. J Endocrinol 2008; 196: 465-72.
134. Frank SJ. Growth hormone signalling and its regulation: preventing too much of a good thing. Growth Horm IGF Res 2001; 11: 201-12.
135. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 1993; 259: 87-91.
136. Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Zahorska-Markiewicz B, Janowska J, Zurakowski A. Serum concentrations of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF soluble receptors in women with overweight and obesity. Metabolism 2004; 53: 1268-73.
137. Pietilainen KH, Kannisto K, Korsheninnikova E, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Ehrenborg E, et al. Acquired obesity increases CD68 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and decreases adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue: a study in monozygotic twins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 2776-81.
138. Fernandez-Real JM, Moreno JM, Chico B, Lopez-Bermejo A, Ricart W. Circulating visfatin is associated with parameters of iron metabolism in subjects with altered glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 616-21.
139. Nusken KD, Nusken E, Petrasch M, Rauh M, Dotsch J. Preanalytical influences on the measurement of visfatin by enzyme immuno assay. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 382: 154-6.