Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe-based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat-panel detectors

Medical Physics

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 1225-1236

  Le, Huy Q ^a   Ducote, Justin L ^a   Molloi, Sabee ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast imaging; CT; Photon counting detector; Radiation dose

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM ALLOYS; DOSIMETRY; HYDROXYAPATITE; II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; IODINE; MAMMOGRAPHY; MEDICAL IMAGING; PHOTONS; POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATES; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; X RAY DETECTORS; Z TRANSFORMS; ZINC ALLOYS;

BREAST IMAGING; CONTRAST TO NOISE RATIO; EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER; ENERGY RESOLUTION CAPABILITY; ENERGY-RESOLVING DETECTORS; PHOTON COUNTING DETECTORS; RADIATION DOSE REDUCTIONS; SOLID STATE SEMICONDUCTORS;

COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 77749292346     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.3312435     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. K. K. Lindfors, J. M. Boone, T. R. Nelson, K. Yang, A. L. Kwan, and D. F. Miller, " Dedicated breast CT: Initial clinical experience.," Radiology RADLAX 0033-8419 246 (3), 725-733 (2008). 10.1148/radiol.2463070410
2. S. J. Glick, " Breast CT.," Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. ARBEF7 1523-9829 9, 501-526 (2007). 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.151924 (Pubitemid 350246666)
3. C. J. Lai, C. C. Shaw, L. Y. Chen, M. C. Altunbas, X. M. Liu, T. Han, T. P. Wang, W. T. Yang, G. J. Whitman, and S. J. Tu, " Visibility of microcalcification in cone beam breast CT: Effects of x-ray tube voltage and radiation dose.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 34 (7), 2995-3004 (2007). 10.1118/1.2745921 (Pubitemid 47019821)
4. J. P. Schlomka, E. Roessl, R. Dorscheid, S. Dill, G. Martens, T. Istel, C. Baumer, C. Herrmann, R. Steadman, G. Zeitler, A. Livne, and R. Proksa, " Experimental feasibility of multi-energy photon-counting K-edge imaging in pre-clinical computed tomography.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 53 (15), 4031-4047 (2008). 10.1088/0031-9155/53/15/002
5. P. M. Shikhaliev, " Energy-resolved computed tomography: First experimental results.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 53 (20), 5595-5613 (2008). 10.1088/0031-9155/53/20/002
6. C. A. Swann, D. B. Kopans, K. A. Mccarthy, G. White, and D. A. Hall, " Mammographic density and physical assessment of the breast.," AJR, Am. J. Roentgenol. AAJRDX 0361-803X 148 (3), 525-526 (1987).
7. V. P. Jackson, R. E. Hendrick, S. A. Feig, and D. B. Kopans, " Imaging of the radiographically dense breast.," Radiology RADLAX 0033-8419 188 (2), 297-301 (1993).
8. M. J. Tapiovaara and R. F. Wagner, " Snr and Dqe analysis of broad-spectrum x-ray-imaging.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 30 (6), 519-529 (1985). 10.1088/0031-9155/30/6/002 (Pubitemid 15041525)
9. R. N. Cahn, B. Cederstrom, M. Danielsson, A. Hall, M. Lundqvist, and D. Nygren, " Detective quantum efficiency dependence on x-ray energy weighting in mammography.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 26 (12), 2680-2683 (1999). 10.1118/1.598807 (Pubitemid 30007713)
10. M. Lindner, L. Blanquart, P. Fischer, H. Kruger, and N. Wermes, " Medical X-ray imaging with energy windowing.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 465 (1), 229-234 (2001). 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00395-3 (Pubitemid 32543716)
11. N. A. G. Giersch, " The influence of energy weighting on x-ray imaging quality.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 531, 68-74 (2004). 10.1016/j.nima.2004.05.076
12. D. Niederlohner, J. Karg, J. Giersch, and G. Anton, " The energy weighting technique: Measurements and simulations.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 546 (1-2), 37-41 (2005). 10.1016/j.nima.2005.03. 037 (Pubitemid 40819506)
13. J. Karg, D. Niederlohner, J. Giersch, and G. Anton, " Using the Medipix2 detector for energy weighting.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 546 (1-2), 306-311 (2005). 10.1016/j.nima.2005.03.033 (Pubitemid 40819551)
14. E. Giersch, M. Firsching, D. Niederlohner, and G. Anton, " Material reconstruction with spectroscopic pixel x-ray detectors.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 546 (1-2), 125-130 (2005). 10.1016/j.nima.2005.03.104 (Pubitemid 40819521)
15. G. Patatoukas, A. Gaitanis, N. Kalivas, P. Liaparinos, D. Nikolopoulos, A. Konstantinidis, I. Kandarakis, D. Cavouras, and G. Panayiotakis, " The effect of energy weighting on the SNR under the influence of non-ideal detectors in mammographic applications.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 569 (2), 260-263 (2006). 10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.019 (Pubitemid 44829875)
16. P. M. Shikhaliev, " Tilted angle CZT detector for photon counting/energy weighting x-ray and CT imaging.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 51 (17), 4267-4287 (2006). 10.1088/0031-9155/51/17/010 (Pubitemid 44261844)
17. P. M. Shikhaliev, " Computed tomography with energy-resolved detection: A feasibility study.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 53 (5), 1475-1495 (2008). 10.1088/0031-9155/53/5/020 (Pubitemid 351594438)
18. T. Asaga, C. Masuzawa, A. Yoshida, and H. Matsuura, " Dual-energy subtraction mammography.," J. Digit. Imaging 8 (1), 70-73 (1995). 10.1007/BF03168071 0897-1889
19. K. Bliznakova, Z. Kolitsi, and N. Pallikarakis, " Dual-energy mammography: Simulation studies.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 51 (18), 4497-4515 (2006). 10.1088/0031-9155/51/18/004 (Pubitemid 44362511)
20. S. Y. Molloi, Dynamic Dual-Energy X-Ray Techniques for Cardiac Imaging (University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1987).
21. T. Xu, J. L. Ducote, J. T. Wong, and S. Molloi, " Feasibility of real time dual-energy imaging based on a flat panel detector for coronary artery calcium quantification.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 33 (6), 1612-1622 (2006). 10.1118/1.2198942 (Pubitemid 43830250)
22. R. E. Alvarez and A. Macovski, " Energy-selective reconstructions in X-ray computerized tomography.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 21 (5), 733-744 (1976). 10.1088/0031-9155/21/5/002
23. W. R. Brody, G. Butt, A. Hall, and A. Macovski, " A method for selective tissue and bone visualization using dual energy scanned projection radiography.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 8 (3), 353-357 (1981). 10.1118/1.594957 (Pubitemid 11111022)
24. L. A. Lehmann, R. E. Alvarez, A. Macovski, W. R. Brody, N. J. Pelc, S. J. Riederer, and A. L. Hall, " Generalized image combinations in dual KVP digital radiography.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 8 (5), 659-667 (1981). 10.1118/1.595025 (Pubitemid 11004040)
25. H. N. Cardinal and A. Fenster, " An accurate method for direct dual-energy calibration and decomposition.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 17 (3), 327-341 (1990). 10.1118/1.596512 (Pubitemid 20225993)
26. P. C. Johns, D. J. Drost, M. J. Yaffe, and A. Fenster, " Dual-energy mammography: Initial experimental results.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 12 (3), 297-304 (1985). 10.1118/1.595767 (Pubitemid 15042814)
27. S. C. Kappadath and C. C. Shaw, " Dual-energy digital mammography for calcification imaging: Scatter and nonuniformity corrections.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 32 (11), 3395-3408 (2005). 10.1118/1.2064767 (Pubitemid 41689293)
28. E. Beuville, R. Cahn, B. Cederstrom, M. Danielsson, A. Hall, B. Hasegawa, L. Luo, M. Lundqvist, D. Nygren, E. Oltman, and J. Walton, " High resolution X-ray imaging using a silicon strip detector.," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. IETNAE 0018-9499 45 (6), 3059-3063 (1998). 10.1109/23.737664
29. P. M. Shikhaliev and S. Molloi, " X-ray imaging with "edge-on" microchannel plate detector: First experimental results.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 510 (3), 401-405 (2003). 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01946-6
30. P. M. Shikhaliev, T. Xu, and S. Molloi, " Evaluation of a photon counting x-ray imaging detector based on microchannel plates for mammography applications.," Proc. SPIE PSISDG 0277-786X 5368, 726-733 (2004). 10.1117/12.535476
31. P. M. Shikhaliev, T. Xu, H. Le, and S. Molloi, " Scanning-slit photon counting x-ray imaging system using a microchannel plate detector.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 31 (5), 1061-1071 (2004). 10.1118/1.1695651 (Pubitemid 38656776)
32. C. B. Hruska and K. M. O'Connor, " CZT detectors: How important is energy resolution for nuclear breast imaging?," Phys. Med. 21 (1), 72-75 (2006). 10.1016/S1120-1797(06)80029-3 1120-1797 (Pubitemid 46624883)
33. D. Moraes, J. Kaplon, and P. Jarron, " Solid-state photo-detectors for both CT and PET applications.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 571 (1-2), 333-338 (2007). 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.094 (Pubitemid 46136622)
34. M. Prokesch and C. Szeles, " Accurate measurement of electrical bulk resistivity and surface leakage of CdZnTe radiation detector crystals.," J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 0021-8979 100 (1), 014503 (2006). 10.1063/1.2209192 (Pubitemid 44090889)
35. P. J. Sellin, " Recent advances in compound semiconductor radiation detectors.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 513 (1-2), 332-339 (2003). 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.058
36. C. Szeles, S. A. Soldner, S. Vydrin, J. Graves, and D. S. Bale, " Ultra high flux 2-D CdZnTe monolithic detector arrays for x-ray imaging applications.," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. IETNAE 0018-9499 54 (4), 1350-1358 (2007). 10.1109/TNS.2007.902362 (Pubitemid 47295112)
37. J. H. Hubbell and S. M. Seltzer, " Tables of x-ray mass attenuation coefficient and mass energy absorption coefficients 1 keV to 20 MeV for elements Z=1 to 92 and 48 additional substances of dosimetric interest.," NIST Report No. NISTIR 5632, 1995.
38. J. M. Boone and A. E. Chavez, " Comparison of x-ray cross sections for diagnostic and therapeutic medical physics.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 23 (12), 1997-2005 (1996). 10.1118/1.597899 (Pubitemid 27023697)
39. W. J. Chen, M. L. Giger, and U. Bick, " A fuzzy c-means (FCM)-based approach for computerized segmentation of breast lesions in dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images.," Acad. Radiol. ZZZZZZ 1076-6332 13 (1), 63-72 (2006). 10.1016/j.acra.2005.08.035 (Pubitemid 43041894)
40. W. S. Rasband, "ImageJ" (U. S. National Institutes of Health, 1997-2005), retrieved http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/, 1997-2005.
41. J. M. Boone and J. A. Seibert, " An accurate method for computer-generating tungsten anode x-ray spectra from 30 to 140 kV.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 24 (11), 1661-1670 (1997). 10.1118/1.597953 (Pubitemid 27495900)
42. T. G. Schmidt, " Optimal "image-based" weighting for energy-resolved CT.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 36 (7), 3018-3027 (2009). 10.1118/1.3148535
43. J. M. Boone, T. R. Nelson, K. K. Lindfors, and J. A. Seibert, " Dedicated breast CT: Radiation dose and image quality evaluation.," Radiology RADLAX 0033-8419 221 (3), 657-667 (2001). 10.1148/radiol.2213010334
44. G. Sato, A. Parsons, D. Hullinger, M. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, M. Tashiro, K. Nakazawa, Y. Okada, H. Takahashi, S. Watanabe, S. Barthelmy, J. Cummings, N. Gehrels, H. Krimm, C. Markwardt, J. Tueller, E. Fenimore, and D. Palmer, " Development of a spectral model based on charge transport for the Swift/BAT 32 K CdZnTe detector array.," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A NIMAER 0168-9002 541 (1-2), 372-384 (2005). 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.078 (Pubitemid 40423274)
45. J. P. Sijbers and A. Postnov, " Reduction of right artefacts in high resolution micro-CT reconstruction.," Phys. Med. Biol. PHMBA7 0031-9155 49, N247-N253 (2004). 10.1088/0031-9155/49/14/N06 (Pubitemid 39140019)
46. J. M. Boone, A. L. C. Kwan, J. A. Seibert, N. Shah, K. K. Lindfors, and T. R. Nelson, " Technique factors and their relationship to radiation dose in pendant geometry breast CT.," Med. Phys. MPHYA6 0094-2405 32 (12), 3767-3776 (2005). 10.1118/1.2128126