Initial evaluation, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Consensus statement of the network of Catalan and Balearic Melanoma Centers;Valoración inicial, diagnóstico, estadificación, tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes con melanoma maligno primario de la piel. Documento de consenso de la "Xarxa de Centres de Melanoma de Catalunya i Balears"

Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas

Volumn 101, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 129-142

  Mangas, C ^a   Paradelo, C ^a   Puig, S ^b   Gallardo, F ^c   Marcoval, J ^d   Azon, A ^e   Bartralot, R ^f   Bel, S ^g   Bigata X ^h   Curco N ⁱ   Dalmau, J ^j   del Pozo, L J ^k   Ferrandiz C ^a   Formigon M ^l   Gonzalez A ^m   Just, M ⁿ   Llambrich, A ^o   Llistosella, E ^p   Malvehy, J ^b   Marti R M ^q   Nogues M E ^r   Pedragosa, R ^s   Rocamora, V ^t   Sabat M ^u   Salleras, M ^v   more..

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI GERMANS TRIAS I PUJOL   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI DE BELLVITGE   (Spain)

^e HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI SANT JOAN DE REUS   (Spain)

^f HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI VALL D HEBRON   (Spain)

^g Servicio de Medicina Interna   (Spain)

^h HOSPITAL DE MATARÓ   (Spain)

ⁱ HOSPITAL MÚTUA DE TERRASSA   (Spain)

^j HOSPITAL DE LA SANTA CREU I SANT PAU   (Spain)

^k HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SON ESPASES   (Spain)

^l Brain   (Spain)

^m Hospitalet de Llobregat   (Spain)

ⁿ HOSPITAL DE FIGUERES   (Spain)

^o HOSPITAL SON LLÀTZER   (Spain)

^p HOSPITAL JOSEP TRUETA   (Spain)

^q HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI ARNAU DE VILANOVA   (Spain)

^r Hospital d'Igualada   (Spain)

^s HOSPITAL PLATÓ   (Spain)

^t HOSPITAL DE MANACOR   (Spain)

^u Hospital Parc Tauli   (Spain)

^v HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI SAGRAT COR   (Spain)

more..

Author keywords

Consensus statement; Management; Melanoma

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ALPHA2B INTERFERON; CANCER VACCINE; INTERLEUKIN 2; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2B; TEMOZOLOMIDE;

ANAMNESIS; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CENTER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER PALLIATIVE THERAPY; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CONSENSUS; DRUG MEGADOSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HOSPITAL; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MELANOMA; METASTASIS; PATIENT CARE; PHENOTYPE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROGNOSIS; REGISTER; SHORT SURVEY; SKIN BIOPSY; SKIN ULCER; SPAIN;

EID: 77649312649     PISSN: 00017310     EISSN: 15782190     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1578-2190(10)70599-0     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Argenziano G., Fabbrocini G., Carli P., De Giorgi V., Sammarco E., and Delfino M. Epiluminiscence microscopy for the diagnosis of doubtful melanocytic skin lesions. Arch Dermatol 134 (1998) 1563-1570
2. Bafounta M., Beauchet A., Aegerter P., and Saiag P. Is dermoscopy useful for the diagnosis of melanoma? Results of a meta-analysis using techniques adapted to the evaluation of the diagnostic tests. Arch Dermatol 137 (2001) 1343-1350
3. Puig S., Argenziano G., Zalaudek I., Ferrara G., Palou J., Massi D., et al. Melanomas that failed dermoscopic detection: a combined clinicodermoscopic approach for not missing melanoma. Dermatol Surg 33 (2007) 1262-1273
4. Malvehy J., and Puig S. Follow up of melanocytic skin lesions with digital dermoscopy. Clin Dermatol 20 (2002) 297-304
5. Markovic S.N., Erickson L.A., Rao R.D., Weenig R.H., Pockaj B.A., Bardia A., et al., Melanoma Study Group of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. Malignant melanoma in the 21st century, part 1: epidemiology, risk factors, screening, prevention, and diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc 82 (2007) 364-380
6. Tsao H., Atkins M.B., and Sober A.J. Management of cutaneous melanoma. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 998-1012
7. Garbe C., Hauschild A., Volkenandt M., Schadendorf D., Stolz W., Reinhold U., et al. Evidence-based and interdisciplinary consensus-based German guidelines: systemic medical treatment of melanoma in the adjuvant and palliative setting. Melanoma Res 18 (2008) 152-160
8. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Melanoma. V.2.2008. National Comprehesive Cancer Network (NCCN). Disponible en:www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/melanoma.pdf
9. Australian CancerNetwork. Melanoma Guidelines Revision Working Party. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Melanoma in Australia and New Zealand. Cancer Council Australia and Australian Cancer Network, Sydney and New Zealand Guidelines Group, Wellington (2008). Disponible en: www.cancer.org.au
10. Guía de Prevención y Tratamiento del Melanoma Cutáneo de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia (2006). Disponible en: www.biblioteca.sp.san.gva.es.
11. Ruiz A., Puig S., Malvehy J., Lázaro C., Lynch M., Giménez-Arnau M.A., et al. CDKN2A mutations in Spanish cutaneous malignant melanoma families and patients with multiple melanomas and other neoplasia. J Med Genet 36 (1999) 490-494
12. Rizos H., Puig S., Badenas C., Malvehy J., Darmanian A.P., Jiménez L., et al. A melanoma-associated germline mutation in exon 1β inactivates p14ARF. Oncogene 20 (2001) 5543-5547
13. Goldstein A.M., Chan M., Harland M., Gillanders E.M., Hayward N.K., Avril M.F., et al. Melanoma Genetics Consortium (GenoMEL). High-risk melanoma susceptibility genes and pancreatic cancer, neural system tumors, and uveal melanoma across GenoMEL. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 9818-9828
14. Goldstein A.M., Chan M., Harland M., Hayward N.K., Demenais F., Bishop D.T., et al., Study Group LM, Genomel MG. Features associated with germline CDKN2A mutations: A GenoMEL study of melanoma-prone families from three continents. J Med Genet 44 (2007) 99-106
15. Goldstein A.M., Chaudru V., Ghiorzo P., Badenas C., Malvehy J., Pastorino L., et al. Cutaneous phenotype and MC1R variants as modifying factors for the development of melanoma in CDKN2A G101W mutation carriers from 4 countries. Int J Cancer 121 (2007) 825-831
16. Puig S., Malvehy J., Badenas C., Ruiz A., Jiménez D., Cuéllar F., et al. Role of the CDKN2A locus in patients with multiple primary melanomas. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 3043-3051
17. Malvehy J., Puig S., Argenziano G., Marghoob A.A., Soyer H.P., and on behalf of the International Dermoscopy Society Board members. Dermoscopy report: Proposal for standardization Results of a consensus meeting of the International Dermoscopy Society. J Am Acad Dermatol 57 (2007) 84-95
18. Protocolo de informe anatomopatológico del melanoma primario de la piel. Disponible en: www.academia.cat/societats/anatomia/proto.htm
19. Nagore E., Monteagudo M., Pinazo M.I., Botella-Estrada R., Oliver V., Bañuls J., et al. Propuesta de protocolo para el informe histológico del tumor primario de los pacientes con un melanoma cutáneo del Grupo de Trabajo para el Melanoma Cutáneo de la Comunidad Valenciana. Actas Dermosifiliogr 98 (2007) 459-465
20. Balch C.M., Buzaid A.C., Soong S.J., Atkins M.B., Cascinelli N., Coit D.G., et al. Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 3635-3648
21. Morton D.L., Wen Dr., Wong J.H., Economou J.S., Cagle L.A., Storm F.K., et al. Technical details of intraoperativey lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg 127 (1992) 392-399
22. Balch C.M. Cutaneous melanoma. In: Greene F.L., Page D.L., Fleming I.D., Balch C.M., Haller D.G., and Morrow M. (Eds). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed (2002), Springer Verlag, New York, NY 209-217
23. Thompson J.F., Scoyler R.A., and Kefford R.F. Cutaneous melanoma. Lancet 365 (2005) 687-701
24. Balch C.M., Soong S., Atkins M.B., Buzaid A.C., Cascinelli N., Coit D.G., et al. An evidence-based staging system for cutaneous melanoma. CA Cancer J Clin 54 (2004) 131-149
25. Medalie N., and Ackerman A.B. Sentinel node biopsy has no benefit for patients whose primary cutaneous melanoma has metastasized to a lymph node and therefore should be abandoned now. Br J Dermatol 151 (2004) 298-307
26. McMasters K.M., Reintgen D.S., Ross M.I., Gershenwald J.E., Edwards M.J., Sober A., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: controversy despite widespread agreement. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 2851-2855
27. Morton D.L., Thompson J.F., Cochran A.J., Mozzillo N., Elashoff R., Essner R., et al. Sentinel node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 355 (2006) 1307-1317
28. Thomas J.M., and Patocskai E.J. The argument against sentinel node biopsy for malignant melanoma. Its use should be confined to patients in clinical trials. Br Med J 321 (2000) 3-4
29. Gutzmer R., Al-Ghazal M., Geerlings H., and Kapp A. Sentinel node biopsy in melanoma delays recurrence but does not change melanoma-related survival-a retrospective analysis of 673 patients. Br J Dermatol 153 (2005) 1137-1141
30. Thompson J.F., Stretch J.R., Uren R.F., Ka V.S., and Scoyler R. Sentinel Node Biopsy for melanoma: where have we been and where are we going. Ann Surg Oncol 11 (2004) 147S-151S
31. Mangas C., Paradelo C., Rex J., and Ferrándiz C. La biopsia del ganglio centinela: su papel diagnóstico y pronóstico en el melanoma maligno. Actas Dermosifiliogr 99 (2008) 331-348
32. Rossi C.R., Mocellin S., Scagnet B., Foletto M., Vecchiato A., Pilati P., et al. The role of preoperative ultrasound scan in detecting lymph node metastasis before sentinel node biopsy in melanoma patients. J Surg Oncol 83 (2003) 80-84
33. Bafounta M.L., Beauchet A., Chagnon S., and Saiag P. Ultrasonography or palpation for detection of melanoma nodal invasion: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 5 (2004) 673-680
34. Starritt E.C., Uren R.F., Scolyer R.A., Quinn M.J., and Thompson J.F. Ultrasound examination of sentinel nodes in the initial assessment of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 12 (2005) 18-23
35. Nagore E., Oliver V., Botella R., Insa A., and Fortea J.M. Factores pronósticos en el melanoma maligno cutáneo localizado: estudio de 639 pacientes. Med Clin (Barc) 124 (2005) 361-367
36. Carlson J.A., Ross J.S., Slominski A., Linette G., Mysliborski J., Hill J., et al. Molecular diagnostics in melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 52 (2005) 743-775
37. Alonso S.R., Ortiz P., Pollán M., Pérez-Gómez B., Sánchez L., Acuña M.J., et al. Progression in cutaneous malignant melanoma is associated with distinct expression profiles. Am J Pathol 164 (2004) 193-203
38. Yee V.S., Thompson J.F., McKinnon J.G., Scoyler R.A., Li L.X., McCarthy W.H., et al. Outcome in 846 cutaneous melanoma patients from a single center after a negative sentinel node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 12 (2005) 1-11
39. Wong S.L., Brady M.S., Busam K.J., and Coit D.G. Results of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thin melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 13 (2006) 1-8
40. Avilés J.A., and Lázaro P. Pronóstico del melanoma cutáneo según el servicio quirúrgico: estudio comparativo en un hospital de tercer nivel. Actas Dermosifiliogr 97 (2006) 247-252
41. Cook M.G., Green M.A., Anderson A., Eggermont A.M., Ruiter D.J., Spatz A., et al. The development of optimal pathological assessment of sentinel lymph nodes for melanoma. J Pathol 200 (2003) 314-319
42. Spanknebel K., Coit D.G., Bieglick S.C., Gonen M., Rosai J., and Klimstra D.S. Characterization of micrometastatic disease in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes by enhanced pathology. Am J Surg Pathol 29 (2005) 305-317
43. Roberts A.A., and Cochran A.J. Pathologic analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma patients: current and future trends. J Surg Oncol 85 (2004) 152-161
44. Hafner J., Schmid M.H., Kempf W., Burg G., Künzi W., Meuli-Simmen C., et al. Baseline staging in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Br J Dermatol 150 (2004) 677-686
45. Yancovitz M., Finelt N., Warycha M.A., Christos P.J., Mazumdar M., Shapiro R.L., et al. Role of radiologic imaging at the time of initial diagnosis of stage T1b-T3b melanoma. Cancer 110 (2007) 1107-1114
46. Wang T.S., Johnson T.M., Cascade P.N., Redman B.G., Sondak V.K., and Schwartz J.L. Evaluation of staging chest radiographs and serum lactate dehydrogenase for localized melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 51 (2004) 399-405
47. Gold J.S., Jaques D.P., Busam K.J., Brady M.S., and Coit D.G. Yield and predictors of radiologic studies for identifying distant metastases in melanoma patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 14 (2007) 2133-2140
48. Sopena J., Nogueira E., Carpio D., Sanmartín O., Sevilla A., and Guillén C. Desarrollo de un test para la detección y cuantificación de células de melanoma en sangre periférica mediante el análisis del RNAm de la tirosinasa por RT-PCR y empleo de un secuenciador automático. Actas Dermosifiliogr 90 (1999) 419-431
49. Buzaid A.C., Sandler A.B., Mani S., Curtis A.M., Poo W.J., Bolognia J.L., et al. Role of computed tomography in the staging of primary melanoma. J Clin Oncol 11 (1993) 638-643
50. Aloia T.A., Gershenwald J.E., Andtbacka R.H., Johnson M.M., Schacherer C.W., Ng C.S., et al. Utility of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging staging before completion lymphadenectomy in patients with sentinel lymph node positive melanoma. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 2858-2865
51. Miranda E.P., Gertner M., Wall J., Grace E., Kashani-Sabet M., Allen R., et al. Routine imaging of asymptomatic melanoma patients with metastasis to sentinel lymph node rarely identifies systemic disease. Arch Surg 139 (2004) 831-836
52. Buzaid A.C., Tinoco L., Ross M.I., Legha S.S., and Benjamin R.S. Role of computed tomograpy in the staging of patients with local-regional metastases of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 13 (1995) 2104-2108
53. Johnson T.M., Fader D.J., Chang A.E., Yahanda A., Smith II J.W., Hamlet K.R., et al. Computed tomography in staging patients with melanoma metastatic to regional nodes. Ann Surg Oncol 4 (1997) 396-402
54. Choi E.A., and Gershenwald J.E. Imaging studies in patients with melanoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 16 (2007) 403-430
55. Clark P.B., Soo V., Kraas J., Shen P., and Levine E.A. Utility of fluorodeoxyglucose F18 positron emission tomography in initial evaluation of patients with T2 to T4 melanoma. Arch Surg 141 (2006) 284-288
56. Wagner J.D., Schauwecker D., Davidson D., Logan T., Coleman J.J., Hutchins G., et al. Inefficacy of F-18 fluorodeoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography scans for initial evaluation in early-stage cutaneous melanoma. Cancer 104 (2005) 570-579
57. Maubec E., Lumbroso J., Masson F., Suciu V., Kilb F., Mamelle G., et al. F-18 fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scan in the initial evaluation of patients with a primary melanoma thicker than 4 mm. Melanoma Res 17 (2007) 147-154
58. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scanning in high-risk melanoma patients. Ann Surg Oncol 13 (2006) 525-532
59. Prichard R.S., Hill A.D., Skehan S.J., and O'Higgins N.J. Positron emission tomography for staging and management of malignant melanoma. Br J Surg 89 (2002) 389-396
60. Veronesi U., Cascinelli N., Adamus J., Balch C., Bandiera D., Barchuk A., et al. Thin stage I primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Comparison of excision with margins of 1 or 3 cm. N Engl J Med 318 (1988) 1159-1162
61. Veronesi U., and Cascinelli N. Narrow excision (1-cm margin). A safe procedure for thin cutaneous melanoma. Arch Surg 126 (1991) 438-441
62. Balch C.M., Urist M.M., Karakousis C.P., Smith T.J., Temple W.J., Drzewiecki K., et al. Efficacy of 2-cm surgical margins for intermediate-thickness melanomas (1 to 4 mm). Results of a multi-institutional randomized surgical trial. Ann Surg 218 (1993) 262-269
63. Heaton K.M., Sussman J.J., Gershenwald J.E., Lee J.E., Reintgen D.S., Mansfield P.F., et al. Surgical margins and prognostic factors in patients with thick (>4 mm) primary melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 5 (1998) 322-328
64. Cohn-Cedermark G., Rutqvist L.E., Andersson R., Breivald M., Ingvar C., Johansson H., et al. Long term results of a randomized study by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group on 2-cm versus 5-cm resection margins for patients with cutaneous melanoma with a tumor thickness of 0.8-2.0 mm. Cancer 89 (2000) 1495-1501
65. Balch C.M., Soong S.J., Smith T., Ross M.I., Urist M.M., Karakousis C.P., et al. Long-term results of a prospective surgical trial comparing 2 cm vs. 4 cm excision margins for 740 patients with 1-4 mm melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol 8 (2001) 101-108
66. Khayat D., Rixe O., Martin G., Soubrane C., Banzet M., Bazex J.A., et al. French Group of Reserch on Malignant Melanoma. Surgical margins in cutanous melanoma (2 cm versus 5 cm for lesions measuring less than 2.1 mm thick). Cancer 97 (2003) 1941-1946
67. Haigh P.I., DiFronzo L.A., and McCready D.R. Optimal excision margins for primary cutanous melanoma: a siystematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Surg 46 (2003) 419-426
68. Thomas J.M., Newton-Bishop J., A'Hern R., Coombes G., Timmons M., Evans J., et al. Excision margins in high-risk malignant melanoma. N Engl J Med 350 (2004) 757-766
69. Mehrara B.J., Abood A.A., Disa J.J., Pusic A.L., Halvorson E., Cordeiro P.G., et al. Thumb reconstruction following resection for malignant tumors. Plast Reconstr Surg 121 (2008) 1279-1287
70. Zitelli J.A., Brown C., and Hanusa B.H. Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 37 (1997) 236-245
71. Dawn M.E., Dawn A.G., and Miller S.J. Mohs surgery for the treatment of melanoma in situ: a review. Dermatol Surg 33 (2007) 395-402
72. Broadland D.G. The treatment of nail apparatus melanoma with Mohs micrographic surgery. Dermatol Surg 27 (2001) 269-273
73. Stevens G., and McKay M.J. Dispelling the myths surrounding radiotherapy for treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Lancet Oncol 7 (2006) 575-583
74. Stevens G., and Hong A. Radiation therapy in the management of cutaneous melanoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 15 (2006) 353-371
75. Berk L.B. Radiation therapy as primary and adjuvant treatment for local and regional melanoma. Cancer Control 15 (2008) 233-238
76. Conill C., Jorcano S., Domingo-Domènech J., Marruecos J., Vilella R., Malvehy J., et al. Toxicity of combined treatment of adjuvant irradiation and interferon alpha2b in high-risk melanoma patients. Melanoma Res 17 (2007) 304-309
77. Kirkwood J.M., Strawderman M.H., Ernstoff M.S., Smith T.j., Borden E.C., and Blum R.H. Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684. J Clin Oncol 14 (1996) 7-17
78. Grobb J.J., Dreno B., de la Salmoniere P., Delaunay M., Cupisol D., Guillot B., et al. Randomized trial of interferon alpha-2a as adjuvant therapy in resected primary melanoma thicker than 1.5 mm eithout clinically detectable node metastases. French Cooperative Group on Melanoma. Lancet 351 (1998) 1905-1910
79. Pehamberger H., Soyer H., Steiner A., Kofler R., Binder M., Mischer P., et al. Adjuvant interferon alfa-2a treatment in resected primary stage II cutaneous melanoma. Austirna Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 16 (1998) 1425-1429
80. Kirkwood J.M., Ibrahim J.G., Sondak V.K., Richards J., Flaherty L.E., Emstoff M.S., et al. High- and low-dose interferon alfa-2b in high-risk melanoma: first analysis of intergroup trial E1690/S9111/C9190. J Clin Oncol 18 (2000) 2444-2458
81. Kirkwood J.M., Ibrahim J., Lawson D.H., Atkins M.B., Agarcala S.S., Collins K., et al. High-dose interferon alfa-2b does not diminish antibody response to GM2 vaccination in patients with resected melanoma: results of the Multicenter Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Trial E2696. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 1430-1436
82. Cascinelli N., Belli F., MacKie R.M., Santinami M., Bufalino R., and Morabito A. Effect of long term adjuvant therapy with interferon alpha-2a in patients with regional node metastases from cutaneous melanoma: a randomized trial. Lancet 358 (2001) 866-869
83. Lens M.B., and Dawes M. Interferon alpha therapy for malignant melanoma: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 20 (2002) 1818-1825
84. Hancock B.W., Wheatley K., Harris S., Ives N., Harrison G., Horsman J.M., et al. Adjuvant interferon in high-risk melanoma: the AIM HIGH Study--United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research randomized study of adjuvant low-dose extended-duration interferon Alfa-2a in high-risk resected malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 22 (2004) 53-61
85. Kirkwood J.M., Manola J., Ibrahim J., Sondak V., Emstoff M.S., Rao U., et al. A pooled analysis of eastern cooperative oncology group and intergroup trials of adjuvant high dose interferon for melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 10 (2004) 1670-1677
86. Eggermont A.M., Suciu S., MacKie R., Ruka W., Testori A., Kruit W., et al. Post-surgery adjuvant therapy with intermediate doses of interferon alfa 2b versus observation in patients with stage IIb/III melanoma (EORTC 18952): randomized controlled trial. Lancet 366 (2005) 1189-1196
87. Eggermont A.M., Suciu S., Santinami M., Testori A., Kruit W.H., Marsden J., and EORTC Melanoma Group. Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation alone in resected stage III melanoma: final results of EORTC 18991, a randomised phase III trial. Lancet 372 (2008) 117-126
88. Botella-Estrada R. Controversias sobre el interferón en el tratamiento adyuvante del melanoma. Actas Dermosifiliogr 95 (2004) 597-605
89. Blazer III D.G., Sondak V.K., and Sabel M.S. Surgical therapy of cutaneous melanoma. Semin Oncol 34 (2007) 270-280
90. Conill C., Gimferrer J.M., Marruecos J., Domingo-Domenech J., Vilella R., Catalan M., et al. Clinical outcome after surgical resection of lung metastases from melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol 9 (2007) 48-52
91. Wood T.F., DiFronzo L.A., Rose D.M., Haigh P.I., Stern S.L., Wanek L., et al. Does complete resection of melanoma metastatic to solid intra-abdominal organs improve survival?. Ann Surg Oncol 8 (2001) 658-662
92. Conill C., Fernández-Ibiza J., Malvehy J., Puig S., Sánchez M., and Castel T. Temozolomida en pacientes con metástasis cerebrales de melanoma tratados con irradiación holocraneal. Med Clin (Barc) 122 (2004) 413-415
93. Grünhagen D.J., de Wilt J.H., van Geel A.N., and Eggermont A.M. Isolated limb perfusion for melanoma patients--a review of its indications and the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Eur J Surg Oncol 32 (2006) 371-380
94. Tawbi H.A., and Kirkwood J.M. Management of metastatic melanoma. Semin Oncol 34 (2007) 532-545
95. Quirt I., Verma S., Petrella T., Bak K., and Charette M. Temozolomide for the treatment of metastatic melanoma: a systematic review. Oncologist 12 (2007) 1114-1123
96. Conill C., González-Cao M., Jorcano S., Puig S., Malvehy J., Marti R., et al. Temozolomide as prophylaxis for melanoma brain metastases. Melanoma Res 14 (2004) 73-74
97. Avril M.F., Aamdal S., Grob J.J., Hauschild A., Mohr P., Bonerandi J.J., et al. Fotemustine compared with dacarbazine in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma: a phase III study. J Clin Oncol 22 (2004) 1118-1125
98. Lens M.B., and Eisen T.G. Systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 4 (2003) 2205-2211
99. Petrella T., Quirt I., Verma S., Haynes A.E., Charette M., Bak K., and the members of the Melanoma Disease Site Group of Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence-Based Care. Single-agent interleukin-2 in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Curr Oncol 14 (2007) 21-26
100. Krown S.E., Burk M.W., Kirkwood J.M., Kerr D., Morton D.L., and Oettgen H.F. Human leukocyte (alpha) interferon in metastatic malignant melanoma: the American Cancer Society phase II trial. Cancer Treat Rep 68 (1984) 723-726
101. Vilella R., Benítez D., Mila J., Vilalta A., Rull R., Cuéllar F., et al. Treatment of patients with progressive unresectable metastatic melanoma with a heterologous polyvalent melanoma whole cell vaccine. Int J Cancer 106 (2003) 626-631
102. Vilella R., Benítez D., Mila J., Lozano M., Vilana R., Pomes J., et al. Pilot study of treatment of biochemotherapy-refractory stage IV melanoma patients with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with a heterologous melanoma cell line lysate. Cancer Immunol Immunother 53 (2004) 651-658
103. Legha S.S., Ring S., Eton O., Bedikian A., Buzaid A.C., Plager C., et al. Development of a biochemotherapy regimen with concurrent administration of cisplatin, vinblastine, dacarbazine, interferon alfa, and interleukin-2 for patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 16 (1998) 1752-1759
104. Cao M.G., Malvehy J., Marti R., Conill C., Sánchez M., Martín M., et al. Biochemotherapy with temozolomide, cisplatin, vinblastine, subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha in patients with metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Res 16 (2006) 59-64
105. Eton O., Legha S.S., Bedikian A.Y., Lee J.J., Buzaid A.C., Hodges C., et al. Sequential biochemotherapy versus chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma: results from a phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 20 (2002) 2045-2052
106. ESMO Guidelines Working group, and Jost L. Cutaneous malignant melanoma: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 18 Suppl 2 (2007) ii71-ii73
107. Machet L., Nemeth-Normand F., Giraudeau B., Perrinaud A., Tiguemounine J., Ayoub J., et al. Is ultrasound lymph node examination superior to clinical examination in melanoma follow-up? A monocentre cohort study of 373 patients. Br J Dermatol 15 (2005) 66-70
108. Moore Dalal K., Zhou Q., Panageas K.S., Brady M.S., Jaques D.P., and Coit D.G. Methods of detection of first recurrence in patients with stage I/II primary cutaneous melanoma after sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 15 (2008) 2206-2214
109. Einwachter-Thompson J., and Mackie R.M. An evidence base for reconsidering current follow-up guidelines for patients with cutaneous melanoma less than 0.5 mm thick at diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 159 (2008) 337-341
110. Auge J.M., Molina R., Filella E., Bosch E., González Cao M., Puig S., et al. S-100b and MIA in Advanced Melanoma in relation to prognostic factors. Anticancer Research 25 (2005) 1779-1782
111. Domingo-Domènech J., Castel T., Auge J.M., García-Albeniz X.A., Conill C., Puig S., et al. Prognostic implications of protein S-100 beta serum levels in the clinical outcome of high-risk melanoma patients. Tumour Biol 28 (2007) 264-272
112. Cao M.G., Auge J.M., Molina R., Martí R., Carrera C., Castel T., et al. Melanoma inhibiting activity protein (MIA), beta-2 microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in metastatic melanoma. Anticancer Res 27 (2007) 595-599
113. Chang A.E., Karnell L.H., and Menck H.R. The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Cancer 83 (1998) 1664-1678
114. Katz K.A., Jonasch E., Hodi F.S., Soiffer R., Kwitkiwski K., Sober A.J., et al. Melanoma of unknown primary: experience at Massachusetts General Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Melanoma Res 15 (2005) 77-82
115. Vijuk G., and Coates A.S. Survival of patients with visceral metastatic melanoma from an occult primary lesion: a retrospective matched cohort study. Ann Oncol 9 (1998) 419-422
116. Pavlidis N., Briasoulis E., Hainsworth J., and Greco F.A. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer of an unknown primary. Eur J Cancer 39 (2003) 1990-2005
117. Henry F., Piérard-Franchimont C., Arrese J.E., Claessens N., Paquet P., Piérard G.E., and Groupe Mosan d'Etude des Tumeurs Pigmentaires. How I explore... an orphan metastasis from melanoma. Rev Med Liege 57 (2002) 405-407
118. Schlagenhauff B., Stroebel W., Ellwanger U., Meier F., Zimmermann C., Breuninger H., et al. Metastatic melanoma of unknown primary origin shows prognostic similarities to regional metastatic melanoma: recommendations for initial staging examinations. Cancer 80 (1997) 60-65
119. Vélez A., Walsh D., and Karakousis C.P. Treatment of unknown primary melanoma. Cancer 68 (1991) 2579-2581