메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 141, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 201-235

Current status of invasive alien birch-leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with keys to species

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; FLY; INVASIVE SPECIES; LARVA; NEW RECORD; NEW SPECIES; PEST OUTBREAK; PEST SPECIES; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

EID: 77649252483     PISSN: 0008347X     EISSN: 19183240     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4039/n09-003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (124)
  • 1
    • 3042758898 scopus 로고
    • Zur Systematik und Morphologie der in Baumblättern minierenden Blattwespen (Hym., Tenthredinidae)
    • Altenhofer, E. 1980a. Zur Systematik und Morphologie der in Baumblättern minierenden Blattwespen (Hym., Tenthredinidae). Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie, 89: 42-53.
    • (1980) Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie , vol.89 , pp. 42-53
    • Altenhofer, E.1
  • 2
    • 1942440585 scopus 로고
    • Zur Biologie der in Baumblättern minierenden Blattwespen (Hym., Tenthred.)
    • Altenhofer, E. 1980b. Zur Biologie der in Baumblättern minierenden Blattwespen (Hym., Tenthred.). Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie, 89: 122-134.
    • (1980) Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie , vol.89 , pp. 122-134
    • Altenhofer, E.1
  • 3
    • 84999688739 scopus 로고
    • Zur Systematik und Ökologie der Larvenparasiten (Hym., Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae) der minierenden Blattwespen (Hym.
    • Altenhofer, E. 1980c. Zur Systematik und Ökologie der Larvenparasiten (Hym., Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae) der minierenden Blattwespen (Hym., Tenthred.). Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie, 89: 250-259.
    • (1980) Tenthred.). Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie , vol.89 , pp. 250-259
    • Altenhofer, E.1
  • 4
    • 84876975361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altenhofer, E., and Taeger, A. 1998. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Scolioneura Konow, 1890 (Hymen-optera: Tenthredinidae). In Pflanzenwespen Deutschlands (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Kommentierte Bestandsaufnahme. Edited by A. Taeger and S.M. Blank. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, Germany. pp. 225-226.
    • Altenhofer, E., and Taeger, A. 1998. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Scolioneura Konow, 1890 (Hymen-optera: Tenthredinidae). In Pflanzenwespen Deutschlands (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Kommentierte Bestandsaufnahme. Edited by A. Taeger and S.M. Blank. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, Germany. pp. 225-226.
  • 5
    • 0003373618 scopus 로고
    • The Nearctic species of Lathrolestes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cten-opelmatinae)
    • Barron, J.R. 1994. The Nearctic species of Lathrolestes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cten-opelmatinae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 28(3).
    • (1994) Contributions of the American Entomological Institute , vol.28 , Issue.3
    • Barron, J.R.1
  • 6
    • 77649264377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new Palaearctic genus of the subfamily Ichneutinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
    • Belokobylskij, S.A. 1996. A new Palaearctic genus of the subfamily Ichneutinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 4: 307-310.
    • (1996) Zoosystematica Rossica , vol.4 , pp. 307-310
    • Belokobylskij, S.A.1
  • 7
    • 84977287285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benson, R.B. 1941. On the European genera of the Fenusini and two unrecognized British species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series B: Taxonomy, 10(5): 85-90.
    • Benson, R.B. 1941. On the European genera of the Fenusini and two unrecognized British species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series B: Taxonomy, 10(5): 85-90.
  • 8
    • 84876993342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benson, R.B. 1952. Symphyta. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 6. Part 2b.
    • Benson, R.B. 1952. Symphyta. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 6. Part 2b.
  • 9
    • 84979317325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benson, R.B. 1959. Further studies on the Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series B: Taxonomy, 28(5-6): 90-92.
    • Benson, R.B. 1959. Further studies on the Fenusini (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series B: Taxonomy, 28(5-6): 90-92.
  • 10
    • 0001427272 scopus 로고
    • Hymenoptera from Turkey, Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
    • Benson, R.B. 1968. Hymenoptera from Turkey, Symphyta. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 22(4): 109-207.
    • (1968) Entomology Series , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 109-207
    • Benson, R.B.1
  • 13
    • 0000998487 scopus 로고
    • Palaearctic Eulophidae sine Tetrastichinae
    • Le François, Paris
    • Bouček, Z., and Askew, R.R. 1968. Palaearctic Eulophidae sine Tetrastichinae. Index of entomophagous insects 3. Le François, Paris.
    • (1968) Index of entomophagous insects , vol.3
    • Bouček, Z.1    Askew, R.R.2
  • 15
    • 77649252948 scopus 로고
    • Three injurious insects recently introduced into Connecticut
    • Britton, W.E. 1926. Three injurious insects recently introduced into Connecticut. Journal of Economic Entomology, 19: 540-545.
    • (1926) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.19 , pp. 540-545
    • Britton, W.E.1
  • 16
    • 84876953781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cheng, H.H., and LeRoux, E.J. 1965. Life history and habits of the birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), on blue birch, Betula caerulea grandis Blanchard, Morgan Arboretum, Québec, 1964. Annals of the Entomological Society of Quebec, 10: 173-188.
    • Cheng, H.H., and LeRoux, E.J. 1965. Life history and habits of the birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), on blue birch, Betula caerulea grandis Blanchard, Morgan Arboretum, Québec, 1964. Annals of the Entomological Society of Quebec, 10: 173-188.
  • 17
    • 84876959208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cheng, H.H., and LeRoux, E.J. 1966. Preliminary life tables and notes on mortality factors of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), on blue birch, Betula caerulea grandis Blanchard, in Québec. Annals of the Entomological Society of Quebec, 11: 81-104.
    • Cheng, H.H., and LeRoux, E.J. 1966. Preliminary life tables and notes on mortality factors of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), on blue birch, Betula caerulea grandis Blanchard, in Québec. Annals of the Entomological Society of Quebec, 11: 81-104.
  • 18
    • 77649258529 scopus 로고
    • Control of the birch leaf miner with disulfoton
    • Cheng, H.H., and LeRoux, E.J. 1968. Control of the birch leaf miner with disulfoton. The Canadian Entomologist, 100: 350-357.
    • (1968) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.100 , pp. 350-357
    • Cheng, H.H.1    LeRoux, E.J.2
  • 19
    • 0005072325 scopus 로고
    • Parasites and predators of the birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Québec
    • Cheng, H.H., and LeRoux, E.J. 1969. Parasites and predators of the birch leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Québec. The Canadian Entomologist, 101: 839-846.
    • (1969) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.101 , pp. 839-846
    • Cheng, H.H.1    LeRoux, E.J.2
  • 20
    • 0343904297 scopus 로고
    • Major factors in survival of the immature stages of Fenusa pusilla in southwestern Québec
    • Cheng, H.H., and LeRoux, E.J. 1970. Major factors in survival of the immature stages of Fenusa pusilla in southwestern Québec. The Canadian Entomologist, 102: 995-1002.
    • (1970) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.102 , pp. 995-1002
    • Cheng, H.H.1    LeRoux, E.J.2
  • 22
    • 43649103687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest Research Institute, Agroinform, Budapest, Hungary
    • Csóka, G. 2003. Leaf mines and leaf miners. Forest Research Institute, Agroinform, Budapest, Hungary.
    • (2003) Leaf mines and leaf miners
    • Csóka, G.1
  • 23
  • 24
    • 84974398924 scopus 로고
    • Tissue preference and damage by Fenusa pusilla and Messa nana (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), leaf-mining sawflies on white birch (Betula papyrifera)
    • DeClerck, R.A., and Shorthouse, J.D. 1985. Tissue preference and damage by Fenusa pusilla and Messa nana (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), leaf-mining sawflies on white birch (Betula papyrifera). The Canadian Entomologist, 117: 351-362.
    • (1985) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.117 , pp. 351-362
    • DeClerck, R.A.1    Shorthouse, J.D.2
  • 26
    • 0013207719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of birch leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae): impacts of natural enemies on introduced pests
    • Digweed, S.C. 1998. Mortality of birch leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae): impacts of natural enemies on introduced pests. Environmental Entomology, 27: 1357-1367.
    • (1998) Environmental Entomology , vol.27 , pp. 1357-1367
    • Digweed, S.C.1
  • 27
    • 33745081829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oviposition preference and larval performance in the exotic birch-leafmining sawfly Profenusa thomsoni
    • Digweed, S.C. 2006. Oviposition preference and larval performance in the exotic birch-leafmining sawfly Profenusa thomsoni. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 120: 41-49.
    • (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.120 , pp. 41-49
    • Digweed, S.C.1
  • 28
    • 8444221305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributions of leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on birch and alder in northwestern Canada
    • Digweed, S.C., and Langor, D.W. 2004. Distributions of leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on birch and alder in northwestern Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 136: 727-731.
    • (2004) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.136 , pp. 727-731
    • Digweed, S.C.1    Langor, D.W.2
  • 29
    • 0030614131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic birch-leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Alberta: distributions, seasonal activities and the potential for competition
    • Digweed, S.C., Spence, J.R., and Langor, D.W. 1997. Exotic birch-leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Alberta: distributions, seasonal activities and the potential for competition. The Canadian Entomologist, 129: 319-333.
    • (1997) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.129 , pp. 319-333
    • Digweed, S.C.1    Spence, J.R.2    Langor, D.W.3
  • 30
    • 84876993418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digweed, S.C., McQueen, R.L., Spence, J.R., and Langor, D.W. 2003. Biological control of the ambermarked birch leafminer, Profenusa thomsoni (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Alberta. Information Report NOR-X-389, Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, Alberta.
    • Digweed, S.C., McQueen, R.L., Spence, J.R., and Langor, D.W. 2003. Biological control of the ambermarked birch leafminer, Profenusa thomsoni (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Alberta. Information Report NOR-X-389, Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, Alberta.
  • 31
    • 0342907755 scopus 로고
    • Parasites of the birch leaf-mining sawfly (Phyllotoma nemorata)
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia
    • Dowden, P.B. 1941. Parasites of the birch leaf-mining sawfly (Phyllotoma nemorata). Technical Bulletin 757, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia.
    • (1941) Technical Bulletin , vol.757
    • Dowden, P.B.1
  • 32
    • 0005041924 scopus 로고
    • Birch leaf-mining sawflies in Alberta (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • NOR-X-260, Northern Forestry Research Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Environment Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
    • Drouin, J.A., and Wong, H.R. 1984. Birch leaf-mining sawflies in Alberta (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Information Report NOR-X-260, Northern Forestry Research Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Environment Canada, Edmonton, Alberta.
    • (1984) Information Report
    • Drouin, J.A.1    Wong, H.R.2
  • 33
  • 34
    • 84876953153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entomological Information Services. 1998. Nomina Insecta Nearctica: a checklist of the insects of North America. 2: Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera [online]. Edited by R W. Poole and P. Gentili. Available from www.nearctica.com/nomina/wasps/hymenop. htm [accessed 13 Nov 2006].
    • Entomological Information Services. 1998. Nomina Insecta Nearctica: a checklist of the insects of North America. Vol. 2: Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera [online]. Edited by R W. Poole and P. Gentili. Available from www.nearctica.com/nomina/wasps/hymenop. htm [accessed 13 Nov 2006].
  • 35
    • 0032858995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new species of Cirrospilus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and two new synonymies of parasitoids reared from the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
    • Evans, G.A. 1999. A new species of Cirrospilus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and two new synonymies of parasitoids reared from the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Florida Entomologist, 82: 448-453.
    • (1999) Florida Entomologist , vol.82 , pp. 448-453
    • Evans, G.A.1
  • 36
    • 77649243889 scopus 로고
    • Results of forest insect and disease surveys in the central region of Ontario, 1984
    • Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
    • Evans, H.J., Sarjan, R.J., and Brodersen, H. 1985. Results of forest insect and disease surveys in the central region of Ontario, 1984. Miscellaneous Report 22, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
    • (1985) Miscellaneous Report , vol.22
    • Evans, H.J.1    Sarjan, R.J.2    Brodersen, H.3
  • 37
    • 84876958618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fauna Europaea Web Service. 2005. Fauna Europaea. Version 1.2 [online, Available from, accessed 13 Nov 2006
    • Fauna Europaea Web Service. 2005. Fauna Europaea. Version 1.2 [online]. Available from http://www.faunaeur.org [accessed 13 Nov 2006].
  • 38
    • 0011245846 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between color intensity of leaf supernatants from resistant and susceptible birch trees and rate of oviposition by the birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • Fiori, B.J., and Craig, D.W. 1987. Relationship between color intensity of leaf supernatants from resistant and susceptible birch trees and rate of oviposition by the birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 80: 1331-1333.
    • (1987) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.80 , pp. 1331-1333
    • Fiori, B.J.1    Craig, D.W.2
  • 39
    • 0006326136 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of Betula davurica to the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • Fiori, B.J., and Dolan, D.D. 1984. Resistance of Betula davurica to the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 116: 1275-1276.
    • (1984) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.116 , pp. 1275-1276
    • Fiori, B.J.1    Dolan, D.D.2
  • 40
    • 33644905778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of serpentine leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in southeast Asia
    • Fisher, N., and LaSalle, J. 2005. A new species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of serpentine leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 1044: 27-34.
    • (2005) Zootaxa , vol.1044 , pp. 27-34
    • Fisher, N.1    LaSalle, J.2
  • 41
    • 34249900543 scopus 로고
    • Life history and control of the birch leaf-mining sawfly, Fenusa pumila Klug
    • Friend, R.B. 1931. Life history and control of the birch leaf-mining sawfly, Fenusa pumila Klug. Journal of Economic Entomology, 24: 171-177.
    • (1931) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.24 , pp. 171-177
    • Friend, R.B.1
  • 43
    • 0000327454 scopus 로고
    • Introduction of exotic parasites for biological control of the birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the middle Atlantic states
    • Fuester, R.W., Taylor, P.B., Day, W.H., Hendrickson, R.M., Jr., and Blumenthal, E.M. 1984. Introduction of exotic parasites for biological control of the birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the middle Atlantic states. Journal of Economic Entomology, 77: 1565-1570.
    • (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.77 , pp. 1565-1570
    • Fuester, R.W.1    Taylor, P.B.2    Day, W.H.3    Hendrickson Jr., R.M.4    Blumenthal, E.M.5
  • 45
    • 84876966359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • online, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available from, accessed 3 April 2008
    • Govaerts, R., and Bopp, W. 1998. World checklist of the Betulacea [online]. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available from http://www.kew.org/wcsp/ [accessed 3 April 2008].
    • (1998) World checklist of the Betulacea
    • Govaerts, R.1    Bopp, W.2
  • 46
    • 0002483501 scopus 로고
    • The remains of Nees von Esenbeck's collection of Hymenoptera in the University Museum, Oxford
    • Graham, M.W.R. de V. 1988. The remains of Nees von Esenbeck's collection of Hymenoptera in the University Museum, Oxford. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 124: 19-36.
    • (1988) Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , vol.124 , pp. 19-36
    • Graham, M.W.R.1    de, V.2
  • 47
    • 0001331055 scopus 로고
    • The identity of some species of Chalcidoidea (Hym.) described by Nees von Esenbeck (1834) with new synonymy
    • Graham, M.W.R. de V. 1993. The identity of some species of Chalcidoidea (Hym.) described by Nees von Esenbeck (1834) with new synonymy. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 129: 221-230.
    • (1993) Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , vol.129 , pp. 221-230
    • Graham, M.W.R.1    de, V.2
  • 48
    • 10244259937 scopus 로고
    • New synonymy in European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) including designation of some neotypes, lectotypes and new combinations
    • Graham, M.W.R. de V., and LaSalle, J. 1991. New synonymy in European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) including designation of some neotypes, lectotypes and new combinations. Entomologist's Gazette, 42: 89-96.
    • (1991) Entomologist's Gazette , vol.42 , pp. 89-96
    • Graham, M.W.R.D.V.1    LaSalle, J.2
  • 50
    • 0005018404 scopus 로고
    • Introduction de parasites ichneumonides pour la lutte biologique contre Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) au Québec.
    • Guèvremont, H.C., and Quednau, F.W. 1977. Introduction de parasites ichneumonides pour la lutte biologique contre Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) au Québec. The Canadian Entomologist, 109: 1545-1548.
    • (1977) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.109 , pp. 1545-1548
    • Guèvremont, H.C.1    Quednau, F.W.2
  • 51
    • 0012762653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of some genera allied to Chrysonotomyia and Closterocerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae), with description of a new species from Dominican amber
    • Gumovsky, A. 2001. The status of some genera allied to Chrysonotomyia and Closterocerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae), with description of a new species from Dominican amber. Phegea, 29(4): 125-142.
    • (2001) Phegea , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 125-142
    • Gumovsky, A.1
  • 52
    • 0001007589 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy and biology of the Palearctic species of Chrysocharis Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
    • Hansson, C. 1985. Taxonomy and biology of the Palearctic species of Chrysocharis Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplementum No. 26.
    • (1985) Entomologica Scandinavica Supplementum , Issue.26
    • Hansson, C.1
  • 53
    • 84876962351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansson, C. 1987. Revision of the New World species of Chrysocharis Förster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplementum No. 31.
    • Hansson, C. 1987. Revision of the New World species of Chrysocharis Förster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplementum No. 31.
  • 54
    • 0002199603 scopus 로고
    • A taxonomic study on the Palaearctic species of Chrysonotomyia Ashmead and Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
    • Hansson, C. 1990. A taxonomic study on the Palaearctic species of Chrysonotomyia Ashmead and Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 20: 29-52.
    • (1990) Entomologica Scandinavica , vol.20 , pp. 29-52
    • Hansson, C.1
  • 55
    • 84966032825 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of the genus Closterocerus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of the Nearctic species
    • Hansson, C. 1994. Re-evaluation of the genus Closterocerus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of the Nearctic species. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25: 1-25.
    • (1994) Entomologica Scandinavica , vol.25 , pp. 1-25
    • Hansson, C.1
  • 56
    • 0012818724 scopus 로고
    • Revision of the Nearctic species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
    • Hansson, C. 1995. Revision of the Nearctic species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26: 27-46.
    • (1995) Entomologica Scandinavica , vol.26 , pp. 27-46
    • Hansson, C.1
  • 57
    • 0034565782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to the birch leafminer Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredindae) within the genus Betula
    • Hoch, W.A., Zeldin, E.L., and McCown, B.H. 2000. Resistance to the birch leafminer Fenusa pusilla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredindae) within the genus Betula. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 1810-1813.
    • (2000) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.93 , pp. 1810-1813
    • Hoch, W.A.1    Zeldin, E.L.2    McCown, B.H.3
  • 58
    • 0009390284 scopus 로고
    • Bemerkungen zur Systematik einiger Gattungen der Campopleginae II (Hymen-optera, Ichneumonidae).
    • Horstmann, K. 1977. Bemerkungen zur Systematik einiger Gattungen der Campopleginae II (Hymen-optera, Ichneumonidae). Mitteilungen Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 67: 65-83.
    • (1977) Mitteilungen Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft , vol.67 , pp. 65-83
    • Horstmann, K.1
  • 60
    • 0011227610 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the biology of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), in Newfoundland (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • Jones, J.M., and Raske, A.G. 1976. Notes on the biology of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), in Newfoundland (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Phytoprotection, 57: 69-76.
    • (1976) Phytoprotection , vol.57 , pp. 69-76
    • Jones, J.M.1    Raske, A.G.2
  • 61
    • 84876985676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kenis, M., and Carl, K. 1996. Birch leafmining sawflies (Fenusa pusilla (Lepeltier) and Profenusa thomsoni (Konow)). In Annual report of the International Institute of Biological Control, European Station, to the Canadian Forest Service. Edited by M. Kenis, K. Carl, and M. El Aydam. CABI Publishing, European Station, Delémont, Switzerland. pp. 34-35.
    • Kenis, M., and Carl, K. 1996. Birch leafmining sawflies (Fenusa pusilla (Lepeltier) and Profenusa thomsoni (Konow)). In Annual report of the International Institute of Biological Control, European Station, to the Canadian Forest Service. Edited by M. Kenis, K. Carl, and M. El Aydam. CABI Publishing, European Station, Delémont, Switzerland. pp. 34-35.
  • 62
    • 0013161670 scopus 로고
    • On the mining insects of the mountain birch in northernmost Fennoscandia
    • Koponen, S. 1973. On the mining insects of the mountain birch in northernmost Fennoscandia. Report of the Kevo Subarctic Research Station No. 10. pp. 14-19.
    • (1973) Report of the Kevo Subarctic Research Station No , vol.10 , pp. 14-19
    • Koponen, S.1
  • 63
    • 0003972899 scopus 로고
    • Catalogue of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico
    • Parasitica, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, District of Columbia
    • Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D., Jr., Smith, D.R., and Burks, B.D. 1979. Catalogue of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, District of Columbia.
    • (1979) Symphyta and Apocrita , vol.1
    • Krombein, K.V.1    Hurd Jr., P.D.2    Smith, D.R.3    Burks, B.D.4
  • 64
    • 0034448239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment and spread of two introduced parasitoids (Ichneumonidae) of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Tenthredinidae)
    • Langor, D.W., Digweed, S.C., Williams, D.J.M., Spence, J.R., and Saunders, C. 2000. Establishment and spread of two introduced parasitoids (Ichneumonidae) of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Tenthredinidae). BioControl, 45: 415-423.
    • (2000) BioControl , vol.45 , pp. 415-423
    • Langor, D.W.1    Digweed, S.C.2    Williams, D.J.M.3    Spence, J.R.4    Saunders, C.5
  • 65
    • 84877003546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Langor, D.W., Digweed, S.C., and Spence, J.R. 2002. Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier), birch leafminer, and Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), ambermarked birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). In Biological control programmes in Canada, 1981-2000. Edited by P.G. Mason and J.T. Huber. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 123-127.
    • Langor, D.W., Digweed, S.C., and Spence, J.R. 2002. Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier), birch leafminer, and Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), ambermarked birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). In Biological control programmes in Canada, 1981-2000. Edited by P.G. Mason and J.T. Huber. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 123-127.
  • 66
    • 34548068271 scopus 로고
    • A key to the larvae of leaf-mining sawflies on birch in Ontario with notes on their biology
    • Lindquist, O.H. 1959. A key to the larvae of leaf-mining sawflies on birch in Ontario with notes on their biology. The Canadian Entomologist, 91: 625-627.
    • (1959) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.91 , pp. 625-627
    • Lindquist, O.H.1
  • 67
    • 0343342859 scopus 로고
    • The biology of a birch leaf miner, Messa nana (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), new to Canada
    • Lindquist, O.H., and Thomson, M.J. 1970. The biology of a birch leaf miner, Messa nana (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), new to Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 102: 108-111.
    • (1970) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.102 , pp. 108-111
    • Lindquist, O.H.1    Thomson, M.J.2
  • 68
    • 77649268504 scopus 로고
    • Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) in the Netherlands (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • Liston, A.D. 1981. Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) in the Netherlands (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Entomologische Berichten, 41(5): 65-66.
    • (1981) Entomologische Berichten , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 65-66
    • Liston, A.D.1
  • 69
    • 84876959861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MacQuarrie, C.J.K. 2008. Invasion history, population dynamics and biological control of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) in Alaska. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
    • MacQuarrie, C.J.K. 2008. Invasion history, population dynamics and biological control of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) in Alaska. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
  • 70
    • 34548090197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of invasive birch sawflies, Profenusa thomsoni, Scolioneura vicina, and Scolioneura betuleti in North America
    • MacQuarrie, C.J.K., Langor, D.W., and Sperling, F.A.H. 2007. Origin of invasive birch sawflies, Profenusa thomsoni, Scolioneura vicina, and Scolioneura betuleti in North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 139: 545-553.
    • (2007) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.139 , pp. 545-553
    • MacQuarrie, C.J.K.1    Langor, D.W.2    Sperling, F.A.H.3
  • 71
    • 0005053729 scopus 로고
    • The bionomics of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) a leaf-mining sawfly on Betula spp
    • Martin, J.L. 1960. The bionomics of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) a leaf-mining sawfly on Betula spp. The Canadian Entomologist, 92: 376-384.
    • (1960) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.92 , pp. 376-384
    • Martin, J.L.1
  • 72
    • 84876997407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matthews, K., Wittwer, D., Zogas, K., Holsten, E., Trummer, L., Schulz, B., Hennon, P., Schultz, M., Burnside, R., and Gorham, M. 1997. Forest insect and disease conditions in Alaska - 1997. General Technical Report R10-TP-70, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, Alaska.
    • Matthews, K., Wittwer, D., Zogas, K., Holsten, E., Trummer, L., Schulz, B., Hennon, P., Schultz, M., Burnside, R., and Gorham, M. 1997. Forest insect and disease conditions in Alaska - 1997. General Technical Report R10-TP-70, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, Alaska.
  • 76
    • 1942485674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • online, Available from, accessed 13 November 2006
    • Noyes, J.S. 2003. Universal Chalcidoidea database [online]. Available from www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/chalcidoids/index.html [accessed 13 November 2006].
    • (2003) Universal Chalcidoidea database
    • Noyes, J.S.1
  • 77
    • 0343342857 scopus 로고
    • Biological notes on a birch leaf edgeminer, Scolioneura betuleti (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), new to North America
    • Nystrom, K.L., and Evans, H.J. 1989. Biological notes on a birch leaf edgeminer, Scolioneura betuleti (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), new to North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 120: 17-24.
    • (1989) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario , vol.120 , pp. 17-24
    • Nystrom, K.L.1    Evans, H.J.2
  • 78
    • 34249869115 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the birch leaf mining sawfly
    • Peirson, H.B. 1929. Observations on the birch leaf mining sawfly. Journal of Economic Entomology, 22: 588-594.
    • (1929) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.22 , pp. 588-594
    • Peirson, H.B.1
  • 80
    • 0028039359 scopus 로고
    • Ant predation on two species of birch leaf-mining sawflies
    • Pezzolesi, L.S.W., and Hager, B.J. 1994. Ant predation on two species of birch leaf-mining sawflies. The American Midland Naturalist, 131: 156-168.
    • (1994) The American Midland Naturalist , vol.131 , pp. 156-168
    • Pezzolesi, L.S.W.1    Hager, B.J.2
  • 81
    • 77649264243 scopus 로고
    • Zespoly rośliniarek (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) minuja̧cych liście brzozy (Betula L.) w Ogrodzie Botanicznym w Krakowie.
    • Pieronek, B., and Soltyk, D. 1993. Zespoly rośliniarek (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) minuja̧cych liście brzozy (Betula L.) w Ogrodzie Botanicznym w Krakowie. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 62: 35-44.
    • (1993) Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne , vol.62 , pp. 35-44
    • Pieronek, B.1    Soltyk, D.2
  • 82
    • 0002631202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematics of the North American species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
    • Pinto, J.D. 1998. Systematics of the North American species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 22: 1-287.
    • (1998) Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington , vol.22 , pp. 1-287
    • Pinto, J.D.1
  • 83
    • 0343778491 scopus 로고
    • The parasitoid community of leaf-mining sawflies (Fenusini and Heterarthrini): A comparative analysis
    • Pschorn-Walcher, H., and Altenhofer, E. 1989. The parasitoid community of leaf-mining sawflies (Fenusini and Heterarthrini): a comparative analysis. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 222: 37-56.
    • (1989) Zoologischer Anzeiger , vol.222 , pp. 37-56
    • Pschorn-Walcher, H.1    Altenhofer, E.2
  • 84
    • 84876954988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quednau, F.W. 1984. Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier), birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). In Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada, 1969-1980. Edited by J.S. Kelleher and MA. Hulme. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 291-294.
    • Quednau, F.W. 1984. Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier), birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). In Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada, 1969-1980. Edited by J.S. Kelleher and MA. Hulme. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom. pp. 291-294.
  • 86
    • 0004150525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insects of eastern hardwood trees (revised by K. Nystrom)
    • Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
    • Rose, A.H., and Lindquist, O.H. 1997. Insects of eastern hardwood trees (revised by K. Nystrom). Forestry Technical Report 29, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
    • (1997) Forestry Technical Report , vol.29
    • Rose, A.H.1    Lindquist, O.H.2
  • 87
    • 0002071120 scopus 로고
    • A generic classification of the Nearctic sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)
    • Ross, H.H. 1937. A generic classification of the Nearctic sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Illinois Biological Monographs No. 15.
    • (1937) Illinois Biological Monographs , Issue.15
    • Ross, H.H.1
  • 88
    • 0007022303 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic study of the Nearctic species of Elachertus Spinola (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
    • Schauff, M.E. 1985. Taxonomic study of the Nearctic species of Elachertus Spinola (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 87: 843-858.
    • (1985) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , vol.87 , pp. 843-858
    • Schauff, M.E.1
  • 89
    • 0343342851 scopus 로고
    • On the biology and larval parasitoids of the leaf-mining sawflies Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) and P. pygmaea (Konow) (Hymenoptera, Tenthre-dinidae)
    • Schönrogge, K., and Altenhofer, E. 1992. On the biology and larval parasitoids of the leaf-mining sawflies Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) and P. pygmaea (Konow) (Hymenoptera, Tenthre-dinidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 128: 99-108.
    • (1992) Entomologist's Monthly Magazine , vol.128 , pp. 99-108
    • Schönrogge, K.1    Altenhofer, E.2
  • 90
    • 77649265588 scopus 로고
    • Thimet soil treatments for the control of leaf miners
    • Schread, J.C. 1958. Thimet soil treatments for the control of leaf miners. Journal of Economic Entomology, 51: 245-246.
    • (1958) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.51 , pp. 245-246
    • Schread, J.C.1
  • 91
    • 77649262039 scopus 로고
    • Thimet soil treatments for control of leaf miners, galls and lace bugs
    • Schread, J.C. 1959. Thimet soil treatments for control of leaf miners, galls and lace bugs. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52: 712-713.
    • (1959) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.52 , pp. 712-713
    • Schread, J.C.1
  • 92
    • 77649240025 scopus 로고
    • Systemic insecticides for control of scales, leaf miners and lace bugs
    • Schread, J.C. 1960. Systemic insecticides for control of scales, leaf miners and lace bugs. Journal of Economic Entomology, 53: 406-408.
    • (1960) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.53 , pp. 406-408
    • Schread, J.C.1
  • 94
    • 77649241510 scopus 로고
    • Tests of systemics for control of birch leaf miner
    • Schread, J.C. 1962. Tests of systemics for control of birch leaf miner. Journal of Economic Entomology, 55: 562-563.
    • (1962) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.55 , pp. 562-563
    • Schread, J.C.1
  • 95
    • 77649246567 scopus 로고
    • Control of birch leaf miner with systemics
    • Schread, J.C. 1964. Control of birch leaf miner with systemics. Journal of Economic Entomology, 57: 761.
    • (1964) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.57 , pp. 761
    • Schread, J.C.1
  • 96
    • 77649260163 scopus 로고
    • Tests of systemic insecticides for control of insect pests of ornamentals
    • Schread, J.C. 1966. Tests of systemic insecticides for control of insect pests of ornamentals. Journal of Economic Entomology, 59: 983-984.
    • (1966) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.59 , pp. 983-984
    • Schread, J.C.1
  • 98
    • 77649261574 scopus 로고
    • Some records of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in SE England
    • Shaw, M.R. 1981. Some records of Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in SE England. Entomologist's Gazette, 32: 12.
    • (1981) Entomologist's Gazette , vol.32 , pp. 12
    • Shaw, M.R.1
  • 99
    • 0002252262 scopus 로고
    • On evolution of endoparasitism: The biology of some genera of Rogadinae (Braconidae)
    • Shaw, M.R. 1983. On evolution of endoparasitism: the biology of some genera of Rogadinae (Braconidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 20: 307-328.
    • (1983) Contributions of the American Entomological Institute , vol.20 , pp. 307-328
    • Shaw, M.R.1
  • 102
    • 77649267699 scopus 로고
    • Nearctic sawflies. III
    • Heterarthrinae: adults and larvae Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, District of Columbia
    • Smith, D.R. 1971. Nearctic sawflies. III. Heterarthrinae: adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Technical Bulletin 1420, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, District of Columbia.
    • (1971) Technical Bulletin , vol.1420
    • Smith, D.R.1
  • 103
    • 1942440575 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the leaf-mining sawflies of the tribe Fenusini in Asia (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • Smith, D.R. 1981. Studies on the leaf-mining sawflies of the tribe Fenusini in Asia (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 83: 763-771.
    • (1981) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , vol.83 , pp. 763-771
    • Smith, D.R.1
  • 104
    • 34249905214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive species in the last frontier: Distribution and phenology of birch leaf mining sawflies in Alaska
    • Snyder, C., MacQuarrie, C.J.K., Zogas, K., Kruse, J.J., and Hard, J. 2007. Invasive species in the last frontier: distribution and phenology of birch leaf mining sawflies in Alaska. Journal of Forestry, 105: 113-119.
    • (2007) Journal of Forestry , vol.105 , pp. 113-119
    • Snyder, C.1    MacQuarrie, C.J.K.2    Zogas, K.3    Kruse, J.J.4    Hard, J.5
  • 105
    • 0009066892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kommentäre zur Taxonomie der Symphyta (Hymenoptera).
    • Taeger, A., and Blank, S.M. 1996. Kommentäre zur Taxonomie der Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 46: 251-275.
    • (1996) Beitrage zur Entomologie , vol.46 , pp. 251-275
    • Taeger, A.1    Blank, S.M.2
  • 106
    • 60549085924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data version 2 August 11, 2006, online, Digital Entomological Information, Müncheberg, Germany. Available from, accessed 13 November 2006
    • Taeger, A., and Blank, S.M. 2006. ECatSym - electronic world catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Data version 2 (August 11, 2006) [online]. Digital Entomological Information, Müncheberg, Germany. Available from http://www.zalf.de/home-zalf/institute/dei/php-e/ecatsym/ecatsym.php [accessed 13 November 2006].
    • (2006) ECatSym - electronic world catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera)
    • Taeger, A.1    Blank, S.M.2
  • 107
    • 77649239541 scopus 로고
    • A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Section 1. Parasite host catalogue
    • Institute of Entomology, Imperial Agricultural Bureaux, Belleville, Ontario
    • Thompson, W.R. 1944. A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Section 1. Parasite host catalogue. Part 4. Parasites of the Hymen-optera, Isopoda and Isoptera. Parasite Service, Institute of Entomology, Imperial Agricultural Bureaux, Belleville, Ontario.
    • (1944) Parasites of the Hymen-optera, Isopoda and Isoptera. Parasite Service , Issue.PART 4
    • Thompson, W.R.1
  • 108
    • 0343778489 scopus 로고
    • The Japanese sawflies of the genus Profenusa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with description of three new species
    • Togashi, I. 1981. The Japanese sawflies of the genus Profenusa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with description of three new species. Kontyû, 49: 408-413.
    • (1981) Kontyû , vol.49 , pp. 408-413
    • Togashi, I.1
  • 109
    • 77649242803 scopus 로고
    • Three new species of the genus Heterarthrus Stephens (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from Japan
    • Togashi, I. 1992. Three new species of the genus Heterarthrus Stephens (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60: 851-856.
    • (1992) Japanese Journal of Entomology , vol.60 , pp. 851-856
    • Togashi, I.1
  • 110
    • 77649257222 scopus 로고
    • Part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Gainesville
    • Townes, H. 1969. The genera of Ichneumonidae. Part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (Gainesville) No. 11.
    • (1969) The genera of Ichneumonidae , Issue.11
    • Townes, H.1
  • 111
    • 0001330006 scopus 로고
    • Leaves as islands: Interactions of Scolioneura betuleti (Hymenoptera) miners in birch leaves
    • Tuomi, J., Niemelä, P., and Mannila, R. 1981. Leaves as islands: interactions of Scolioneura betuleti (Hymenoptera) miners in birch leaves. Oikos, 37: 146-152.
    • (1981) Oikos , vol.37 , pp. 146-152
    • Tuomi, J.1    Niemelä, P.2    Mannila, R.3
  • 112
    • 0012413901 scopus 로고
    • Revisionary notes on the Palaearctic genera and species of the tribe Exothecini Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
    • van Achterberg, C. 1983. Revisionary notes on the Palaearctic genera and species of the tribe Exothecini Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 57: 339-355.
    • (1983) Zoologische Mededelingen , vol.57 , pp. 339-355
    • van Achterberg, C.1
  • 113
    • 0030713003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment, distribution, and impact in southern New England of Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thompson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an introduced parasitoid of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • van Driesche, R.G., Childs, R., Casagrande, R.A., and Tewksbury, L. 1997. Establishment, distribution, and impact in southern New England of Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thompson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an introduced parasitoid of the birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 129: 601-611.
    • (1997) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.129 , pp. 601-611
    • van Driesche, R.G.1    Childs, R.2    Casagrande, R.A.3    Tewksbury, L.4
  • 114
    • 67349188535 scopus 로고
    • Zur Kenntnis der Minierfauna Finnlands: Über die Wirtspflanzen und die Verbreitung der minierenden Blattwespen (Hym., Tenthredinoidea).
    • Viramo, J. 1969. Zur Kenntnis der Minierfauna Finnlands: über die Wirtspflanzen und die Verbreitung der minierenden Blattwespen (Hym., Tenthredinoidea). Annales Entomologici Fennici, 35: 3-44.
    • (1969) Annales Entomologici Fennici , vol.35 , pp. 3-44
    • Viramo, J.1
  • 115
    • 69149100504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hymenoptera, online, Available from, accessed 13 November 2006
    • Wahl, D. 1999. Classification and systematics of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) [online]. Available from http://iris.biosci.ohio-state.edu/ catalogs/ichneumonids/master-list2.html [accessed 13 November 2006].
    • (1999) Classification and systematics of the Ichneumonidae
    • Wahl, D.1
  • 116
    • 34548037288 scopus 로고
    • The larva of Profenusa alumna (MacG.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
    • Watson, W.Y. 1959. The larva of Profenusa alumna (MacG.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 91: 618-625.
    • (1959) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.91 , pp. 618-625
    • Watson, W.Y.1
  • 118
    • 84876966565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wittwer, D., Zogas, K., Holsten, E., Burnside, R., Schultz, M., Hennon, P., Trummer, L., Shephard, M., and Rose, C. 2003. Forest insect and disease conditions in Alaska - 2002. General Technical Report R10-TP-113, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, Alaska.
    • Wittwer, D., Zogas, K., Holsten, E., Burnside, R., Schultz, M., Hennon, P., Trummer, L., Shephard, M., and Rose, C. 2003. Forest insect and disease conditions in Alaska - 2002. General Technical Report R10-TP-113, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, Alaska.
  • 119
    • 84876983671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yoshimoto, C.M. 1973. Review of North American Chrysocharis (Kratochviliana) (Eulophidae: Chalcidoidea) north of Mexico, especially species attacking birch casebearer Lepidoptera:
    • Yoshimoto, C.M. 1973. Review of North American Chrysocharis (Kratochviliana) (Eulophidae: Chalcidoidea) north of Mexico, especially species attacking birch casebearer (Lepidoptera:
  • 120
    • 0542432715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coleophoridae and birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 105: 1309-1349.
    • Coleophoridae) and birch leafminer (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 105: 1309-1349.
  • 121
    • 8344226586 scopus 로고
    • Revision of the subgenus Achrysocharella Girault of America north of Mexico (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae: Chrysonotomyia Ashmead)
    • Yoshimoto, C.M. 1978. Revision of the subgenus Achrysocharella Girault of America north of Mexico (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae: Chrysonotomyia Ashmead). The Canadian Entomologist, 110: 697-719.
    • (1978) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.110 , pp. 697-719
    • Yoshimoto, C.M.1
  • 122
    • 84972273932 scopus 로고
    • Review of North American Pnigalio Schrank (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
    • Yoshimoto, C.M. 1983. Review of North American Pnigalio Schrank (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 115: 971-1000.
    • (1983) The Canadian Entomologist , vol.115 , pp. 971-1000
    • Yoshimoto, C.M.1
  • 123
    • 84876977602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhelokhovtsev, A.H. 1994. Tribe Heterarthrini. In Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. III. Hymenoptera. Part VI. Symphyta. Edited by V.I. Tobias and A.G. Zinov'ev. E.J. Brill, Leiden, Germany. pp. 297-318.
    • Zhelokhovtsev, A.H. 1994. Tribe Heterarthrini. In Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Vol. III. Hymenoptera. Part VI. Symphyta. Edited by V.I. Tobias and A.G. Zinov'ev. E.J. Brill, Leiden, Germany. pp. 297-318.
  • 124
    • 77649244383 scopus 로고
    • Revision of the genus Alophosternum Cushman with a new species from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)
    • Zwakhals, C.J. 1987. Revision of the genus Alophosternum Cushman with a new species from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Ento-mologische Berichten, 47(7): 108-111.
    • (1987) Ento-mologische Berichten , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 108-111
    • Zwakhals, C.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.