Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family

Veterinary Research

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

  Yousef Mohamad, Khalil ^a   Rodolakis, Annie ^a  

^a UR1282   (France)

Author keywords

Chlamydophila pecorum; Epidemiology; Pathogenesis; Typing

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOVIDAE; BUBALUS; CHLAMYDIACEAE; CHLAMYDOPHILA; CHLAMYDOPHILA PECORUM; PERAMELIDAE; PHASCOLARCTIDAE; SUIDAE;

EID: 77649120197     PISSN: 09284249     EISSN: 12979716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009075     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Anderson I.E., Baxter T.A., Chlamydia psittaci: Inclusion morphology in cell culture and virulence in mice of ovine isolates. Vet. Rec. (1986) 119:453-454.
2. Anderson I.E., Baxter S.I., Dunbar S., Rae A.G., Philips H.L., Clarkson M.J., Herring A.J., Analyses of the genomes of Chlamydial isolates from ruminants and pigs support the adoption of the new species Chlamydia pecorum, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1996) 46:245-251.
3. Bavoil P.M., Hsia R., Ojcius D.M., Closing in on Chlamydia and its intracellular bag of tricks, Microbiology (2000) 146:2723-2731.
4. Buendia A.J., Sanchez J., Del Rio L., Garces B., Gallego M.C., Caro M.R., Differences in the immune response against ruminant Chlamydial strains in a murine model, Vet. Res. (1999) 30:495-507.
5. Bush R.M., Everett K.D., Molecular evolution of the Chlamydiaceae, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2001) 51:203-220.
6. Camenisch U., Lu Z.H., Vaughan L., Corboz L., Zimmermann D.R., Wittenbrink M.M., et al., Diagnostic investigation into the role of Chlamydiae in cases of increased rates of return to oestrus in pigs, Vet. Rec. (2004) 155:593-596.
7. Carlson J.H., Whitmire W.M., Crane D.D., Wicke L., Virtaneva K., Sturdevant D.E., et al., The Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid is a transcriptional regulator of chromosomal genes and a virulence factor, Infect. Immun. (2008) 76:2273-2283.
8. Clarkson M.J., Philips H.L., Isolation of faecal Chlamydia from sheep in Britain and their characterization by cultural properties, Vet. J. (1997) 153:307-310.
9. Cockram F.A., Jackson A.R., Isolation of a Chlamydia from cases of keratoconjunctivitis in koalas, Aust. Vet. J. (1974) 50:82-83.
10. Comanducci M., Ricci S., Ratti G., The structure of a plasmid of Chlamydia trachomatis believed to be required for growth within mammalian cells, Mol. Microbiol. (1988) 2:531-538.
11. DeGraves F.J., Gao D., Hehnen H.R., Schlapp T., Kaltenboeck B., Quantitative detection of Chlamydia psittaci and C. pecorum by high-sensitivity real-time PCR reveals high prevalence of vaginal infection in cattle, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2003) 41:1726-1729.
12. Denamur E., Sayada C., Souriau A., Orfila J., Rodolakis A., Elion J., Restriction pattern of the major outer-membrane protein gene provides evidence for a homogeneous invasive group among ruminant isolates of Chlamydia psittaci, J. Gen. Microbiol. (1991) 137:2525-2530.
13. Doughri A.M., Yong S., Storz J., Pathologic changes in intestinal Chlamydial infection of newborn calves, Am. J. Vet. Res. (1974) 35:939-944.
14. Eb F., Orfila J., Serotyping of Chlamydia psittaci by the micro-immunofluorescence test: isolates of ovine origin, Infect. Immun. (1982) 37:1289-1291.
15. Everett K.D., Andersen A.A., The ribosomal intergenic spacer and domain I of the 23S rRNA gene are phylogenetic markers for Chlamydia spp., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1997) 47:461-473.
16. Everett K.D., Bush R.M., Andersen A.A., Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1999) 49:415-440.
17. Everson J.S., Garner S.A., Lambden P.R., Fane B.A., Clarke I.N., Host range of Chlamydiaphages phiCPAR39 and Chp3, J. Bacteriol. (2003) 185:6490-6492.
18. Fukushi H., Hirai K., Genetic diversity of avian and mammalian Chlamydia psittaci strains and relation to host origin, J. Bacteriol. (1989) 171:2850-2855.
19. Fukushi H., Hirai K., Proposal of Chlamydia pecorum sp. nov. for Chlamydia strains derived from ruminants, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1992) 42:306-308.
20. Fukushi H., Hirai K., Chlamydia pecorum - the fourth species of genus Chlamydia, Microbiol. Immunol. (1993) 37:516-522.
21. Garner S.A., Everson J.S., Lambden P.R., Fane B.A., Clarke I.N., Isolation, molecular characterisation and genome sequence of a bacteriophage (Chp3) from Chlamydophila pecorum, Virus Genes (2004) 28:207-214.
22. Girjes A.A., Hugall A.F., Timms P., Lavin M.F., Two distinct forms of Chlamydia psittaci associated with disease and infertility in Phascolarctos cinereus (koala), Infect. Immun. (1988) 56:1897-1900.
23. Glassick T., Giffard P., Timms P., Outer membrane protein 2 gene sequences indicate that tow Chlamydial species, Chlamydia pecorum and Chlamydia pneumoniae, cause infections in koalas, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. (1996) 19:456-464.
24. Godin A.C., Bjorkman C., Englund S., Johansson K.E., Niskanen R., Alenius S., Investigation of Chlamydophila spp. in dairy cows with reproductive disorders, Acta Vet. Scand. (2008) 50:39.
25. Gordon F.B., Quan A.L., Occurence of glycogen in inclusions of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum-trachoma agents, J. Infect. Dis. (1965) 115:186-196.
26. Grayston J.T., Wang S.P., Kuo C.C., Campbell L.A., Current knowledge on Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR, an important cause of pneumonia and other acute respiratory diseases, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1989) 8:191-202.
27. Greco G., Corrente M., Buonavoglia D., Campanile G., Di Palo R., Martella V., Epizootic abortion related to infections by Chlamydophila abortus and Chlamydophila pecorum in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), Theriogenology (2008) 69:1061-1069.
28. Grimwood J., Stephens R.S., Computational analysis of the polymorphic membrane protein superfamily of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, Microb. Comp. Genomics (1999) 4:187-201.
29. Hsia R., Ohayon H., Gounon P., Dautry-Varsat A., Bavoil P.M., Phage infection of the obligate intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis, Microbes Infect. (2000) 2:761-772. (Pubitemid 30451217)
30. Hugall A., Timms P., Girjes A.A., Lavin M.F., Conserved DNA sequences in Chlamydial plasmids, Plasmid (1989) 22:91-98.
31. Jackson M., Giffard P., Timms P., Outer membrane protein A gene sequencing demonstrates the polyphyletic nature of koala Chlamydia pecorum isolates, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. (1997) 20:187-200.
32. Jackson M., White N., Giffard P., Timms P., Epizootiology of Chlamydia infections in two free-range koala populations, Vet. Microbiol. (1999) 65:255-264.
33. Jaeger J., Liebler-Tenorio E., Kirschvink N., Sachse K., Reinhold P., A clinically silent respiratory infection with Chlamydophila spp. in calves is associated with airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation, Vet. Res. (2007) 38:711-728.
34. Jee J., Degraves F.J., Kim T., Kaltenboeck B., High prevalence of natural Chlamydophila species infection in calves, J. Clin. Microbiol. (2004) 42:5664-5672.
35. Kaltenboeck B., Storz J., Biological properties and genetic analysis of the ompA locus in chlamydiae isolated from swine, Am. J. Vet. Res. (1992) 53:1482-1487.
36. Kaltenboeck B., Kousoulas K.G., Storz J., Two-step polymerase chain reactions and restriction endonuclease analyses detect and differentiate ompA DNA of Chlamydia spp., J. Clin. Microbiol. (1992) 30:1098-1104.
37. Kaltenboeck B., Kousoulas K.G., Storz J., Structures of and allelic diversity and relationships among the major outer membrane protein (ompA) genes of the four Chlamydial species, J. Bacteriol. (1993) 175:487-502.
38. Kaltenboeck B., Hehnen H.R., Vaglenov A., Bovine Chlamydophila spp. infection: do we underestimate the impact on fertility?, Vet. Res. Commun. (2005) 29:1-15.
39. Kaltenboeck B., Heinen E., Schneider R., Wittenbrink M.M., Schmeer N., OmpA and antigenic diversity of bovine Chlamydophila pecorum strains, Vet. Microbiol. (2009) 135:175-180.
40. Kauffold J., Melzer F., Henning K., Schulze K., Leiding C., Sachse K., Prevalence of Chlamydiae in boars and semen used for artificial insemination, Theriogenology (2006) 65:1750-1758.
41. Kauffold J., Henning K., Bachmann R., Hotzel H., Melzer F., The prevalence of Chlamydiae of bulls from six bull studs in Germany, Anim. Reprod. Sci. (2007) 102:111-121.
42. Laroucau K., Thierry S., Vorimore F., Blanco K., Kaleta E., Hoop R., High resolution typing of Chlamydophila psittaci by multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA), Infect. Genet. Evol. (2008) 8:171-181.
43. Laroucau K., Vorimore F., Bertin C., Yousef Mohamad K., Thierry S., Hermann W., et al., Genotyping of Chlamydophila abortus strains by multilocus VNTR analysis, Vet. Microbiol. (2009) 137:335-344.
44. Liu B.L., Everson J.S., Fane B., Giannikopoulou P., Vretou E., Lambden P.R., Clarke I.N., Molecular characterization of a bacteriophage (Chp2) from Chlamydia psittaci, J. Virol. (2000) 74:3464-3469.
45. Liu Z., Rank R., Kaltenboeck B., Magnino S., Dean D., Burall L., Genomic plasticity of the rrn-nqrF intergenic segment in the Chlamydiaceae, J. Bacteriol. (2007) 189:2128-2132.
46. Longbottom D., Chlamydial infections of domestic ruminants and swine: new nomenclature and new knowledge, Vet. J. (2004) 168:9-11.
47. Lovett M., Kuo K.K., Holmes K., Falkow S., Plasmids of the genus Chlamydia, in: Nelson J., Grassi C. (Eds.), Current chemotherapy and infectious diseases, Vol. 2, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1980, pp. 1250-1252.
48. Lusher M., Storey C.C., Richmond S.J., Plasmid diversity within the genus Chlamydia, J. Gen. Microbiol. (1989) 135:1145-1151.
49. McClenaghan M., Honeycombe J.R., Bevan B.J., Herring A.J., Distribution of plasmid sequences in avian and mammalian strains of Chlamydia psittaci, J. Gen. Microbiol. (1988) 134:559-565.
50. McColl K.A., Martin R.W., Gleeson L.J., Handasyde K.A., Lee A.K., Chlamydia infection and infertility in the female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), Vet. Rec. (1984) 115-655.
51. McNutt S.H., Waller E.F., Sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (Buss disease), Cornell Vet. (1940) 30:437-448.
52. Moulder J.W., Interaction of Chlamydiae and host cells in vitro, Microbiol. Rev. (1991) 55:143-190.
53. O'Connell C.M., Ingalls R.R., Andrews C.W. Jr, Scurlock A.M., Darville T., Plasmid-deficient Chlamydia muridarum fail to induce immune pathology and protect against oviduct disease, J. Immunol. (2007) 179:4027-4034.
54. Page L.A., Interspecies transfer of psittacosis-LGV-trachoma agents: pathogenicity of two avian and two mammalian strains for eight species of birds and mammals, Am. J. Vet. Res. (1966) 27:397-407.
55. Palmer L., Falkow S., A common plasmid of Chlamydia trachomatis, Plasmid (1986) 16:52-62.
56. Pedersen L.N., Podenphant L., Moller J.K., Highly discriminative genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis using omp1 and a set of variable number tandem repeats, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. (2008) 14:644-652.
57. Philips H.L., Clarkson M.J., Culture of sheep Chlamydia in a sheep fibroblast cell culture, Res. Vet. Sci. (1992) 53:267-268.
58. Philips H.L., Clarkson M.J., Experimental infection of pregnant ewes with Chlamydia pecorum , Infect. Immun. (1998) 66:2818-2821.
59. Pickett M.A., Everson J.S., Pead P.J., Clarke I.N., The plasmids of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (N16): accurate determination of copy number and the paradoxical effect of plasmid-curing agents, Microbiology (2005) 151:893-903.
60. Rank R.G., Bowlin A.K., Cane S., Shou H., Liu Z., Nagarajan U.M., Bavoil P.M., Effect of Chlamydiaphage phiCPG1 on the course of conjunctival infection with "Chlamydia caviae" in guinea pigs, Infect. Immun. (2009) 77:1216-1221.
61. Read T.D., Fraser C.M., Hsia R.C., Bavoil P.M., Comparative analysis of Chlamydia bacteriophages reveals variation localized to a putative receptor binding domain, Microb. Comp. Genomics (2000) 5:223-231.
62. Reinhold P., Jaeger J., Liebler-Tenorio E., Berndt A., Bachmann R., Schubert E., Impact of latent infections with Chlamydophila species in young cattle, Vet. J. (2008) 175:202-211.
63. Rekiki A., Bouakane A., Hammami S., El Idrissi A.H., Bernard F., Rodolakis A., Efficacy of live Chlamydophila abortus vaccine 1B in protecting mice placentas and foetuses against strains of Chlamydophila pecorum isolated from cases of abortion, Vet. Microbiol. (2004) 99:295-299.
64. Richmond S., Stirling P., Ashley C., Virus infecting the reticulate bodies of an avian strain of Chlamydia psittaci, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1982) 14:31-36.
65. Rodolakis A., Bernard F., Lantier F., Mouse models for evaluation of virulence of Chlamydia psittaci isolated from ruminants, Res. Vet. Sci. (1989) 46:34-39.
66. Rodolakis A., Souriau A., Variations in the virulence of strains of Chlamydia psittaci for pregnant ewes, Vet. Rec. (1989) 125:87-90.
67. Rodolakis A., Souriau A., Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from ruminant Chlamydia psittaci and its relation to mouse virulence, Vet. Microbiol. (1992) 31:263-271.
68. Salinas J., Souriau A., De Sa C., Andersen A.A., Rodolakis A., Serotype 2-specific antigens from ruminant strains of Chlamydia pecorum detected by monoclonal antibodies, Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1996) 19:155-161.
69. Schachter J., Banks J., Sugg N., Sung M., Storz J., Meyer K.F., Serotyping of Chlamydia. I. Isolates of ovine origin, Infect. Immun. (1974) 9:92-94.
70. Schachter J., Banks J., Sugg N., Sung M., Storz J., Meyer K.F., Serotyping of Chlamydia: isolates of bovine origin, Infect. Immun. (1975) 11:904-907.
71. Schachter J., Stephens R.S., Timms P., Kuo C., Bavoil P.M., Birkelund S., et al., Radical changes to Chlamydial taxonomy are not necessary just yet, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2001) 51:249. Author reply 251-243.
72. Schiller I., Koesters R., Weilenmann R., Thoma R., Kaltenboeck B., Heitz P., Pospischil A., Mixed infections with porcine Chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine, Vet. Microbiol. (1997) 58:251-260. (Pubitemid 28026788)
73. Spears P., Storz J., Biotyping of Chlamydia psittaci based on inclusion morphology and response to diethylaminoethyl-dextran and cycloheximide, Infect. Immun. (1979) 24:224-232.
74. Sriprakash K.S., Macavoy E.S., Characterization and sequence of a plasmid from the trachoma biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis, Plasmid (1987) 18:205-214.
75. Sting R., Simmert J., Mandl J., Seemann G., Bay F., Muller K.F., et al., Coxiella burnetii infections and infections with bacteria of the genus Chlamydia in dairy cattle, Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. (2000) 113:423-430 (in German).
76. Storz J., Smart R.A., Marriott M.E., Davis R.V., Polyarthritis of calves: isolation of psittacosis agents from affected joints, Am. J. Vet. Res. (1966) 27:633-641.
77. Storz J., Carroll E.J., Ball L., Faulkner L.C., Isolation of a psittacosis agent (Chlamydia) from semen and epididymis of bulls with seminal vesiculitis syndrome, Am. J. Vet. Res. (1968) 29:549-555.
78. Tam J.E., Davis C.H., Thresher R.J., Wyrick P.B., Location of the origin of replication for the 7.5-kb Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid, Plasmid (1992) 27:231-236.
79. Tanaka C., Miyazawa T., Watarai M., Ishiguro N., Bacteriological survey of feces from feral pigeons in Japan, J. Vet. Med. Sci. (2005) 67:951-953.
80. Warren K., Swan R., Bodetti T., Friend T., Hill S., Timms P., Ocular Chlamydiales infections of western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville) in Western Australia, J. Zoo Wildl. Med. (2005) 36:100-102.
81. Wilson M.R., Dungworth D.L., Psittacosis lymphogranuloma-venereum group viruses in sheep. Comparisons between a faecal and an enzootic abortion strain, J. Comp. Pathol. (1963) 73:277-284.
82. Wilson M.R., Thomson R.G., Chlamydia pneumonia of calves, Res. Vet. Sci. (1968) 9:467-473.
83. Wittenbrink M.M., Schoon H.A., Schoon D., Mansfeld R., Bisping W., Endometritis in cattle experimentally induced by Chlamydia psittaci, Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B (1993) 40:437-450.
84. Yousef Mohamad K., Rekiki A., Myers G., Bavoil P.M., Rodolakis A., Identification and characterisation of coding tandem repeat variants in incA gene of Chlamydophila pecorum, Vet. Res. (2008) 39-56.
85. Yousef Mohamad K., Roche S.M., Myers G., Bavoil P.M., Laroucau K., Magnino S., et al., Preliminary phylogenetic identification of virulent Chlamydophila pecorum strains, Infect. Genet. Evol. (2008) 8:764-771.