Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser

ACS Nano

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 803-810

  Sun, Zhipei ^a   Hasan, Tawfique ^a   Torrisi, Felice ^a   Popa, Daniel ^a   Privitera, Giulia ^a   Wang, Fengqiu ^a   Bonaccorso, Francesco ^a   Basko, Denis M ^b   Ferrari, Andrea C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITÉ JOSEPH FOURIER   (France)

Author keywords

Composites; Graphene; Laser; Ultrafast optics

Indexed keywords

BALLISTIC TRANSPORTS; COMPOSITES; CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES; ERBIUM DOPED FIBER LASER; FS PULSE; GRAPHENES; HIGH MOBILITY; MODE-LOCKED; NANOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; PAULI BLOCKING; POLYMER COMPOSITE; POTENTIAL MATERIALS; RESEARCH EFFORTS; ROOM TEMPERATURE; SATURABLE ABSORPTION; SPECTRAL BANDWIDTH; ULTRAFAST LASER; ULTRAFAST OPTICS; WET-CHEMISTRY;

BALLISTICS; ERBIUM; FIBER LASERS; GRAPHENE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MODE-LOCKED FIBER LASERS; PULSED LASER APPLICATIONS; THIN FILM TRANSISTORS; ULTRAFAST LASERS; ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA;

GRAPHITE;

CARBON;

ADSORPTION; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRON; KINETICS; LASER; TELECOMMUNICATION;

ADSORPTION; CARBON; ELECTRONS; KINETICS; LASERS; TELECOMMUNICATIONS;

EID: 77649104573     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn901703e     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (42)

1. Dausinger, F.; Lichtner, F.; Lubatschowski, H. Femtosecond Technology for Technical and Medical Applications; Springer: Berlin, 2004.
2. Keller, U. Recent Developments in Compact Ultrafast Lasers. Nature 2003, 424, 831.
3. Schutze, K.; Posl, H.; Lahr, G. Laser Micromanipulation Systems as Universal Tools in Cellular and Molecular Biology and in Medicine. Cell. Mol. Biol. 1998, 44, 735.
4. Xiang, N.; Guina, M. D.; Vainionpaa, A. M.; Lyytikainen, J.; Suomalainen, S.; Saarinen, M. J.; Okhotnikov, O.; Sajavaara, T.; Keinonen, J. Broadband Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors in the 1.55 -m Wavelength Range for Pulse Generation in Fiber Lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2002, 38, 369.
5. Steinmeyer, G.; Sutter, D. H.; Gallmann, L.; Matuschek, N.; Keller, U. Frontiers in Ultrashort Pulse Generation: Pushing the Limits in Linear and Nonlinear Optics. Science 1999, 286, 1507.
6. Rozhin, A. G.; Sakakibara, Y.; Namiki, S.; Tokumoto, M.; Kataura, H. Sub-200-fs Pulsed Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using a Carbon Nanotube- Polyvinylalcohol Mode Locker. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 051118.
7. Scardaci, V.; Sun, Z.; Wang, F.; Rozhin, A. G.; Hasan, T.; Hennrich, F.; White, I. H.; Milne, W. I.; Ferrari, A. C. Carbon Nanotube Polycarbonate Composites for Ultrafast Lasers. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 4040.
8. Wang, F.; Rozhin, A. G.; Scardaci, V.; Sun, Z.; Hennrich, F.; White, I. H.; Milne, W. I.; Ferrari, A. C. Wideband-Tuneable, Nanotube Mode-Locked, Fibre Laser. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 738.
9. Sun, Z.; Rozhin, A. G.; Wang, F.; Hasan, T.; Popa, D.; O'Neill, W.; Ferrari, A. C. A Compact, High-Power, Ultrafast Laser Mode-Locked by Carbon Nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 235102.
10. Hasan, T.; Sun, Z.; Wang, F.; Bonaccorso, F.; Tan, P. H.; Rozhin, A. G.; Ferrari, A. C. Nanotube-Polymer Composites for Ultrafast Photonics. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 3874.
11. Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. The Rise of Graphene. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183.
12. Breusing, M.; Ropers, C.; Elsaesser, T. Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 086809.
13. Sun, D.; Wu, Z. K.; Divin, C.; Li, X.; Berger, C.; de Heer, W. A.; First, P. N.; Norris, T. B. Ultrafast Relaxation of Excited Dirac Fermions in Epitaxial Graphene Using Optical Differential Transmission Spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 157402.
14. Seibert, K.; Cho, G. C.; Kütt, W.; Kurz, H.; Reitze, D. H.; Dadap, J. I.; Ahn, H.; Downer, M. C.; Malvezzi, A. M. Femtosecond Carrier Dynamics in Graphite. Phys. Rev. B 1990, 42, 2842.
15. Nair, R. R.; Blake, P.; Grigorenko, A. N.; Novoselov, K. S.; Booth, T. J.; Stauber, T.; Peres, N. M. R.; Geim, A. K. Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene. Science 2008, 320, 1308.
16. Casiraghi, C.; Hartschuh, A.; Lidorikis, E.; Qian, H.; Harutyunyan, H.; Gokus, T.; Novoselov, K. S.; Ferrari, A. C. Rayleigh Imaging of Graphene and Graphene Layers. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2711.
17. Hernandez, Y.; Nicolosi, V.; Lotya, M.; Blighe, F. M.; Sun, Z.; De, S.; McGovern, I. T.; Holland, B.; Byrne, M.; Gun'Ko, Y.; et al. High Yield Production of Graphene by Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Graphite. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 563.
18. Lotya, M.; Hernandez, Y.; King, P. J.; Smith, R. J.; Nicolosi, V.; Karlsson, L. S.; Blighe, F. M.; De, S.; Wang, Z.; McGovern, I. T.; et al. Liquid Phase Production of Graphene by Exfoliation of Graphite in Surfactant/Water Solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3611.
19. Mukerjee, P. Micellar Properties of Drugs: Micellar and Nonmicellar Patterns of Self-Association of Hydrophobic Solutes of Different Molecular Structures-Monomer Fraction, Availability, and Misuses of Micellar Hypothesis. J. Pharm. Sci. 1974, 63, 972.
20. Bohren, C. F. Huffman, D. R. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1998.
21. Abergel, D. S. L.; Fal'ko, V. I. Optical and Magneto-Optical Far-Infrared Properties of Bilayer Graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75, 155430.
22. Mak, K. F.; Sfeir, M. Y.; Wu, Y.; Lui, C. H.; Misewich, J. A.; Heinz, T. F. Measurement of the Optical Conductivity of Graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 196405.
23. Mak, K. F. Sfeir, M. Y. Misewich, J. A. Heinz, T. F. The Electronic Structure of Few-Layer Graphene: Probing the Evolution From a 2-Dimensional to a 3-Dimensional Material. arXiv:0908.0154, 2009.
24. Eberlein, T.; Bangert, U.; Nair, R. R.; Jones, R.; Gass, M.; Bleloch, A. L.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A.; Briddon, P. R. Plasmon Spectroscopy of Free-Standing Graphene Films. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 233406.
25. Ferrari, A. C.; Meyer, J. C.; Scardaci, V.; Casiraghi, C.; Lazzeri, M.; Mauri, F.; Piscanec, S.; Jiang, D.; Novoselov, K. S.; Roth, S.; et al. Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 187401.
26. Ferrari, A. C.; Robertson, J. Interpretation of Raman Spectra of Disordered and Amorphous Carbon. Phys. Rev. B 2000, 61, 14095.
27. Ferrari, A. C.; Robertson, J. Resonant Raman Spectroscopy of Disordered, Amorphous and Diamond-like Carbon. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 075414.
28. Tuinstra, F.; Koenig, J. L. Raman Spectrum of Graphite. J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 1126.
29. Casiraghi, C.; Hartschuh, A.; Qian, H.; Piscanec, S.; Georgi, C.; Fasoli, A.; Novoselov, K. S.; Basko, D. M.; Ferrari, A. C. Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Edges. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1433.
30. Latil, S.; Meunier, V.; Henrard, L. Massless Fermions in Multilayer Graphitic Systems With Misoriented Layers: Ab Initio Calculations and Experimental Fingerprints. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 76, 201402(R).
31. Kampfrath, T.; Perfetti, L.; Schapper, F.; Frischkorn, C.; Wolf, M. Strongly Coupled Optical Phonons in the Ultrafast Dynamics of the Electronic Energy and Current Relaxation in Graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 187403.
32. Lazzeri, M.; Piscanec, S.; Mauri, F.; Ferrari, A. C.; Robertson, J. Electron Transport and Hot Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 236802.
33. Basko, D. M. Theory of Resonant Multiphonon Raman Scattering in Graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 125418.
34. Basko, D. M.; Piscanec, S.; Ferrari, A. C. Electron-Electron Interactions and Doping Dependence of the Two-Phonon Raman Intensity in Graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 80, 165413.
35. González, J.; Guinea, F.; Vozmediano, M. A. Unconventional Quasiparticle Lifetime in Graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77, 3589.
36. Foster, M. S.; Aleiner, I. L. Slow Imbalance Relaxation and Thermoelectric Transport in Graphene. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 79, 085415.
37. Dennis, M. L.; Duling, I. N. Experimental Study of Sideband Generation in Femtosecond Fiber Lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 1994, 30, 1469.
38. Agrawal, G. P. Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 2001.
39. Honninger, C.; Paschotta, R.; Morier-Genoud, F.; Moser, M.; Keller, U. Q-Switching Stability Limits of Continuous-Wave Passive Mode Locking. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1999, 16, 46.
40. Von der Linde, D. Characterization of the Noise in Continuously Operating Mode-Locked Lasers. Appl. Phys. B: Laser Opt. 1986, 39, 201.
41. Keller, U. Ultrafast Solid-State Lasers. In Progress in Optics; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2004; Vol.46.
42. Gokus, T.; Nair, R. R.; Bonetti, A.; Bohmler, M.; Lombardo, A.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Ferrari, A. C.; Hartschuh, A. Making Graphene Luminsecent by Oxygen Plasma Treatment. ACS Nano 2009, 3, 3963.