메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 175, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 85-97

Plant water use affects competition for nitrogen: Why drought favors invasive species in California

Author keywords

Coexistence; Competition; Competitive exclusion; Grassland; Invasion; Multiple stable states

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL INVASION; COEXISTENCE; DROUGHT; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; GRASSLAND; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INVASIVE SPECIES; MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT; NITROGEN; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; PARAMETERIZATION; PHYTOGEOGRAPHY; SOIL MOISTURE; SUCCESSION; WATER USE;

EID: 77449154858     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/648557     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0001429103 scopus 로고
    • Species response to a moisture gradient in central Illinois forests
    • Adams, D. E., and R. C. Anderson. 1980. Species response to a moisture gradient in central Illinois forests. American Journal of Botany 67:381-392.
    • (1980) American Journal of Botany , vol.67 , pp. 381-392
    • Adams, D.E.1    Anderson, R.C.2
  • 2
    • 0347365868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive coexistence in spatially structured environments: A synthesis
    • Amaresekare, P. 2003. Competitive coexistence in spatially structured environments: a synthesis. Ecology Letters 6:1109-1122.
    • (2003) Ecology Letters , vol.6 , pp. 1109-1122
    • Amaresekare, P.1
  • 3
    • 0031828995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-induced changes in soil structure: Processes and feedbacks
    • Angers, D. A., and J. Caron. 1998. Plant-induced changes in soil structure: processes and feedbacks. Biogeochemistry 42:55-72.
    • (1998) Biogeochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 55-72
    • Angers, D.A.1    Caron, J.2
  • 6
    • 43049115315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic dynamics of soil nitrate: Coupling of ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes
    • DOI 10.1029/2007WR006108
    • Botter, G., E. Daly, A. Porporato, I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, and A. Rinaldo. 2008. Probabilistic dynamics of soil nitrate: coupling of ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes. Water Resources Research 44:W03416. doi:10.1029/2007WR006108. (Pubitemid 351628546)
    • (2008) Water Resources Research , vol.44 , Issue.3
    • Botter, G.1    Daly, E.2    Porporato, A.3    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.4    Rinaldo, A.5
  • 9
    • 0027803425 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation changes along a precipitation gradient in central Argentina
    • Cabido, M., C. Gonzalez, A. Acosta, and S. Diaz. 1993. Vegetation changes along a precipitation gradient in central Argentina. Plant Ecology 109:5-14.
    • (1993) Plant Ecology , vol.109 , pp. 5-14
    • Cabido, M.1    Gonzalez, C.2    Acosta, A.3    Diaz, S.4
  • 10
    • 0031937602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydraulic lift: Consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants
    • Caldwell, M. M., T. E. Dawson, and J. H. Richards. 1998. Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants. Oecologia (Berlin) 113:151-161.
    • (1998) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.113 , pp. 151-161
    • Caldwell, M.M.1    Dawson, T.E.2    Richards, J.H.3
  • 11
    • 0001668788 scopus 로고
    • Environmental variability promotes coexistence in lottery competitive systems
    • Chesson, P. L., and R. R. Warner. 1981. Environmental variability promotes coexistence in lottery competitive systems. American Naturalist 117:923-943.
    • (1981) American Naturalist , vol.117 , pp. 923-943
    • Chesson, P.L.1    Warner, R.R.2
  • 13
    • 0022175502 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal, variability, and transient niches: Species coexistence in a uniformly variable environment
    • Comins, H. N., and I. R. Noble. 1985. Dispersal, variability, and transient niches: species coexistence in a uniformly variable environment. American Naturalist 126:706-723.
    • (1985) American Naturalist , vol.126 , pp. 706-723
    • Comins, H.N.1    Noble, I.R.2
  • 14
    • 19344377049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supply pre-emption, not concentration reduction, is the mechanism of competition for nutrients
    • Craine, J. M., J. Fargione, and S. Sugita. 2005. Supply pre-emption, not concentration reduction, is the mechanism of competition for nutrients. New Phytologist 166:933-940.
    • (2005) New Phytologist , vol.166 , pp. 933-940
    • Craine, J.M.1    Fargione, J.2    Sugita, S.3
  • 15
    • 0027011403 scopus 로고
    • Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change
    • D'Antonio, C. M., and P. M. Vitousek. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23:63-87.
    • (1992) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.23 , pp. 63-87
    • D'Antonio, C.M.1    Vitousek, P.M.2
  • 16
    • 21544458313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant coexistence depends on ecosystem nutrient cycles: Extension of the resource-ratio hypothesis
    • Daufresne, T., and L. O. Hedin. 2005. Plant coexistence depends on ecosystem nutrient cycles: extension of the resource-ratio hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 102:9212-9217.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , vol.102 , pp. 9212-9217
    • Daufresne, T.1    Hedin, L.O.2
  • 17
    • 0033452159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects ofcompetition on resource availability and growth of a California bunchgrass
    • Dyer, A. R., and K. J. Rice. 1999. Effects ofcompetition on resource availability and growth of a California bunchgrass. Ecology 80:2697-2710.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 2697-2710
    • Dyer, A.R.1    Rice, K.J.2
  • 18
    • 0024183673 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between carbon isotope ratio and microhabitat in desert plants
    • Ehleringer, J. R., and T. A. Cooper. 1988. Correlations between carbon isotope ratio and microhabitat in desert plants. Oecologia (Berlin) 76:562-566.
    • (1988) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.76 , pp. 562-566
    • Ehleringer, J.R.1    Cooper, T.A.2
  • 19
    • 8144220312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant traits that influence ecosystem processes vary independently among species
    • Eviner, V. T. 2004. Plant traits that influence ecosystem processes vary independently among species. Ecology 85:2215-2219.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 2215-2219
    • Eviner, V.T.1
  • 20
    • 0842279811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional matrix: A conceptual framework for predicting multiple plant effects on ecosystem processes
    • Eviner, V. T., and F. S. Chapin III. 2003. Functional matrix: a conceptual framework for predicting multiple plant effects on ecosystem processes. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:455-485.
    • (2003) Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics , vol.34 , pp. 455-485
    • Eviner, V.T.1    Chapin Iii, F.S.2
  • 21
    • 0020924461 scopus 로고
    • Compromises between water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency in five species of California evergreens
    • Field, C., J. Merino, and H. A. Mooney. 1983. Compromises between water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency in five species of California evergreens. Oecologia (Berlin) 60:384-389.
    • (1983) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.60 , pp. 384-389
    • Field, C.1    Merino, J.2    Mooney, H.A.3
  • 24
    • 0033936661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water and nitrogen uptake patterns following moisture pulses in a cold desert community
    • Gebauer, R. L. E., and J. R. Ehleringer. 2000. Water and nitrogen uptake patterns following moisture pulses in a cold desert community. Ecology 81:1415-1424.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1415-1424
    • Gebauer, R.L.E.1    Ehleringer, J.R.2
  • 25
    • 0027382653 scopus 로고
    • Competitive effects ofgrassland annuals on soil water and blue oak Quercus douglasii seedlings
    • Gordon, D. R., and K. J. Rice. 1993. Competitive effects ofgrassland annuals on soil water and blue oak Quercus douglasii seedlings. Ecology 74:68-82.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 68-82
    • Gordon, D.R.1    Rice, K.J.2
  • 27
    • 6344280683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N P ratios in terrestrial plants: Variation and functional significance
    • Gusewell, S. 2004. N : P ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance. New Phytologist 164:243-266.
    • (2004) New Phytologist , vol.164 , pp. 243-266
    • Gusewell, S.1
  • 28
    • 0036760713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of soil moisture dynamics in ecohydrology: A comparative study
    • doi:10.1029/2001WR000826
    • Guswa, A. J., M. A. Celia, and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe. 2002. Models of soil moisture dynamics in ecohydrology: a comparative study. Water Resources Research 38:1166. doi:10.1029/2001WR000826.
    • (2002) Water Resources Research , vol.38 , pp. 1166
    • Guswa, A.J.1    Celia, M.A.2    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.3
  • 29
    • 34147196253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grassland species loss resulting from reduced niche dimension
    • Harpole, W. S., and D. Tilman. 2007. Grassland species loss resulting from reduced niche dimension. Nature 446:791-793.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.446 , pp. 791-793
    • Harpole, W.S.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 30
    • 35348838065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem responses to water and nitrogen amendment in a California grassland
    • Harpole, W. S., D. L. Potts, and K. N. Suding. 2007. Ecosystem responses to water and nitrogen amendment in a California grassland. Global Change Biology 13:2341-2348.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 2341-2348
    • Harpole, W.S.1    Potts, D.L.2    Suding, K.N.3
  • 31
    • 0000122708 scopus 로고
    • Valley grassland
    • M. G. Barbour and J. Major, eds.. Wiley, New York
    • Heady, H. F. 1977. Valley grassland. Pages 491-514 in M. G. Barbour and J. Major, eds. Terrestrial vegetation of California. Wiley, New York.
    • (1977) Terrestrial Vegetation of California , pp. 491-514
    • Heady, H.F.1
  • 32
    • 0029802616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of growth and soil- water utilization in some exotic annuals and native perennial bunchgrasses of California
    • Holmes, T. H., and K. J. Rice. 1996. Patterns of growth and soil- water utilization in some exotic annuals and native perennial bunchgrasses of California. Annals of Botany 78:233-243.
    • (1996) Annals of Botany , vol.78 , pp. 233-243
    • Holmes, T.H.1    Rice, K.J.2
  • 33
    • 0032803825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen limitation in dryland ecosystems: Responses to geographical and temporal variation in precipitation
    • Hooper, D. U., and L. Johnson. 1999. Nitrogen limitation in dryland ecosystems: responses to geographical and temporal variation in precipitation. Biogeochemistry 46:247-293.
    • (1999) Biogeochemistry , vol.46 , pp. 247-293
    • Hooper, D.U.1    Johnson, L.2
  • 35
    • 0033604549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity of plankton by species oscillations and chaos
    • Huisman, J., and F. J. Weissing. 1999. Biodiversity of plankton by species oscillations and chaos. Nature 402:407-410.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 407-410
    • Huisman, J.1    Weissing, F.J.2
  • 37
    • 0022173114 scopus 로고
    • Ecological origins of California's Mediterranean grasses
    • Jackson, L. E. 1985. Ecological origins of California's Mediterranean grasses. Journal of Biogeography 12:349-361.
    • (1985) Journal of Biogeography , vol.12 , pp. 349-361
    • Jackson, L.E.1
  • 38
    • 0031284544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers
    • Jones, C. G., J. H. Lawton, and M. Shachak. 1997. Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology 78:1946-1957.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1946-1957
    • Jones, C.G.1    Lawton, J.H.2    Shachak, M.3
  • 39
    • 0036531880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis
    • Keane, R. M., and M. J. Crawley. 2002. Exotic plant invasions and the enemy release hypothesis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17:164-170.
    • (2002) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.17 , pp. 164-170
    • Keane, R.M.1    Crawley, M.J.2
  • 40
    • 75349089115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community classification and nomenclature
    • M. R. Stromberg, J. D. Corbin, and C. M. D'Antonio, eds.. University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Keeler-Wolf, T., J. M. Evens, A. I. Solomeshch, V. L. Holland, and M. G. Barbour. 2007. Community classification and nomenclature. Pages 21-36 in M. R. Stromberg, J. D. Corbin, and C. M. D'Antonio, eds. California grasslands: ecology and management. University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (2007) California Grasslands: Ecology and Management , pp. 21-36
    • Keeler-Wolf, T.1    Evens, J.M.2    Solomeshch, A.I.3    Holland, V.L.4    Barbour, M.G.5
  • 41
    • 0031852785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal dynamics in soil carbon and nitrogen resources at a grassland-shrubland ecotone
    • Kieft, T. L., C. S. White, S. R. Loftin, R. Aguilar, J. A. Craig, and D. A. Skaar. 1998. Temporal dynamics in soil carbon and nitrogen resources at a grassland-shrubland ecotone. Ecology 79:671-683.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 671-683
    • Kieft, T.L.1    White, C.S.2    Loftin, S.R.3    Aguilar, R.4    Craig, J.A.5    Skaar, D.A.6
  • 42
    • 0001279532 scopus 로고
    • The effects of resource enrichment on the diversity of plants and arthropods in a shortgrass prairie
    • Kirchner, T. B. 1977. The effects of resource enrichment on the diversity of plants and arthropods in a shortgrass prairie. Ecology 58:1334-1344.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 1334-1344
    • Kirchner, T.B.1
  • 43
    • 0036098719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of plant species impacts on ecosystem nitrogen cycling
    • Knops, J. M. H., K. L. Bradley, and D. Wedin. 2002. Mechanisms of plant species impacts on ecosystem nitrogen cycling. Ecology Letters 5:454-466.
    • (2002) Ecology Letters , vol.5 , pp. 454-466
    • Knops, J.M.H.1    Bradley, K.L.2    Wedin, D.3
  • 44
    • 0035398604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plants in water-controlled ecosystems: Active role in hydrologie processes and responce to water stress II. Probabilistic soil moisture dynamics
    • DOI 10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00005-7, PII S0309170801000057
    • Laio, F., A. Porporato, L. Ridolfi, and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe. 2001. Plants in water-controlled ecosystems: active role in hydrologic processes and response to water stress. II. Probabilistic soil moisture dynamics. Advances in Water Resources 24:707-723. (Pubitemid 32593048)
    • (2001) Advances in Water Resources , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 707-723
    • Laio, F.1    Porporato, A.2    Ridolfi, L.3    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.4
  • 45
    • 0001281917 scopus 로고
    • The effects of water- and nitrogen-induced stresses on plant community structure in a semi- arid grassland
    • Lauenroth, W. K., and J. L. Dodd. 1978. The effects of water- and nitrogen-induced stresses on plant community structure in a semi- arid grassland. Oecologia (Berlin) 36:211-222.
    • (1978) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.36 , pp. 211-222
    • Lauenroth, W.K.1    Dodd, J.L.2
  • 46
    • 0000251449 scopus 로고
    • Community equilibria and stability, and an extension ofthe competitive exclusion principle
    • Levin, S. A. 1970. Community equilibria and stability, and an extension ofthe competitive exclusion principle. American Naturalist 104:413-423.
    • (1970) American Naturalist , vol.104 , pp. 413-423
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 47
    • 34249666004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment soil moisture simulations for the second half of the twentieth century
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JD007455
    • Li, H., A. Robock, and M. Wild. 2007. Evaluation of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment soil moisture simulations for the second half of the twentieth century. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:D06106. doi:10.1029/2006JD007455. (Pubitemid 46824880)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.112 , Issue.6
    • Li, H.1    Robock, A.2    Wild, M.3
  • 48
    • 34247201649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Sierra Nevada, California, under two emissions scenarios
    • Maurer, E. P. 2007. Uncertainty in hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Sierra Nevada, California, under two emissions scenarios. Climatic Change 82:309-325.
    • (2007) Climatic Change , vol.82 , pp. 309-325
    • Maurer, E.P.1
  • 49
    • 0023436965 scopus 로고
    • 400 years ofcentral California precipitation variability reconstructed from tree-rings
    • Michaelsen, J., L. Heston, and F. W. Davis. 1987. 400 years ofcentral California precipitation variability reconstructed from tree-rings. Water Resources Bulletin 23:809-817.
    • (1987) Water Resources Bulletin , vol.23 , pp. 809-817
    • Michaelsen, J.1    Heston, L.2    Davis, F.W.3
  • 50
    • 0019745183 scopus 로고
    • The Mediterranean climate from a biological viewpoint
    • F. di Castri, D. W. Goodhall, and R. L. Specht, eds.. Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Nahal, I. 1981. The Mediterranean climate from a biological viewpoint. Pages 63-86 in F. di Castri, D. W. Goodhall, and R. L. Specht, eds. Mediterranean-type shrublands. Ecosystems of the world 11. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1981) Mediterranean-type Shrublands. Ecosystems of the World , vol.11 , pp. 63-86
    • Nahal, I.1
  • 51
    • 1942474480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil morphology and organic matter dynamics under cheatgrass and sagebrush-steppe plant communities
    • Norton, J. B., T. A. Monaco, J. M. Norton, D. A. Johnson, and T. A. Jones. 2004. Soil morphology and organic matter dynamics under cheatgrass and sagebrush-steppe plant communities. Journal of Arid Environments 57:445-466.
    • (2004) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.57 , pp. 445-466
    • Norton, J.B.1    Monaco, T.A.2    Norton, J.M.3    Johnson, D.A.4    Jones, T.A.5
  • 52
    • 0842288340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary dynamics of biological games
    • Nowark, M. A., and K. Sigmund. 2004. Evolutionary dynamics of biological games. Science 303:793-799.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 793-799
    • Nowark, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 54
  • 55
    • 0028176445 scopus 로고
    • Limiting similarity in mechanistic and spatial models of plant competition in heterogeneous environments
    • Pacala, S. W., and D. Tilman. 1994. Limiting similarity in mechanistic and spatial models of plant competition in heterogeneous environments. American Naturalist 143:222-257.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.143 , pp. 222-257
    • Pacala, S.W.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 56
    • 0001685266 scopus 로고
    • Divergence of two co- occurring successional annuals on a soil moisture gradient
    • Pickett, S. T. A., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1976. Divergence of two co- occurring successional annuals on a soil moisture gradient. Ecology 57:169-176.
    • (1976) Ecology , vol.57 , pp. 169-176
    • Pickett, S.T.A.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 57
    • 0347298546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrologic controls on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. I. Modeling scheme
    • DOI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00094-5, PII S0309170802000945
    • Porporato, A., P. D'Odorico, F. Laio, and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe. 2003. Hydrologic controls on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. I. Modeling scheme. Advances in Water Resources 26:45-58. (Pubitemid 36036403)
    • (2003) Advances in Water Resources , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-58
    • Porporato, A.1    D'Odorico, P.2    Laio, F.3    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.4
  • 58
    • 0028981646 scopus 로고
    • Water relations of seedlings and adults of two fynbos Protea species in relation to their distribution pattern
    • Richards, M. B., W. D. Stock, and R. M. Cowling. 1995. Water relations of seedlings and adults of two fynbos Protea species in relation to their distribution pattern. Functional Ecology 9:575-583.
    • (1995) Functional Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 575-583
    • Richards, M.B.1    Stock, W.D.2    Cowling, R.M.3
  • 60
    • 65649120745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An invasive plant paradox
    • Rout, M. E., and R. M. Callaway. 2009. An invasive plant paradox. Science 324:734-735.
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 734-735
    • Rout, M.E.1    Callaway, R.M.2
  • 61
    • 2542565108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree-grass coexistence in savannas revisited: Insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models
    • Sankaran, M., J. Ratnam, and N. P. Hanan. 2004. Tree-grass coexistence in savannas revisited: insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models. Ecology Letters 7:480-490.
    • (2004) Ecology Letters , vol.7 , pp. 480-490
    • Sankaran, M.1    Ratnam, J.2    Hanan, N.P.3
  • 66
    • 18444385389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spatial signature of environmental heterogeneity, dispersal, and competition in successional grasslands
    • Seabloom, E. W., O. N. Bjørnstad, B. M. Bolker, and O. J. Reichman. 2005. The spatial signature of environmental heterogeneity, dispersal, and competition in successional grasslands. Ecological Monographs 75:199-214.
    • (2005) Ecological Monographs , vol.75 , pp. 199-214
    • Seabloom, E.W.1    Bjørnstad, O.N.2    Bolker, B.M.3    Reichman, O.J.4
  • 68
    • 58849097898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term consumer manipulations on invasion in oak savanna communities
    • Seabloom, E. W., E. T. Borer, B. Martin, A., and J. L. Orrock. 2009. Effects of long-term consumer manipulations on invasion in oak savanna communities. Ecology 90:1356-1365.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 1356-1365
    • Seabloom, E.W.1    Borer, E.T.2    Martin A, B.3    Orrock, J.L.4
  • 69
    • 0029666941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rock-paper-scissors game and the evolution of alternative male strategies
    • Sinervo, B., and C. M. Lively. 1996. The rock-paper-scissors game and the evolution of alternative male strategies. Nature 380:240-243.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 240-243
    • Sinervo, B.1    Lively, C.M.2
  • 70
    • 0020346563 scopus 로고
    • Resource competition and community structure
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Tilman, D. 1982. Resource competition and community structure. Monographs in Population Biology 17. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1982) Monographs in Population Biology , vol.17
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 71
    • 0026312019 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: How can it occur?
    • Vitousek, P. M., and R. W. Howarth. 1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur? Biogeochemistry 13:87-115.
    • (1991) Biogeochemistry , vol.13 , pp. 87-115
    • Vitousek, P.M.1    Howarth, R.W.2
  • 72
    • 0022825890 scopus 로고
    • Size variability and competition in plant monocultures
    • Weiner, J., and S. C. Thomas. 1986. Size variability and competition in plant monocultures. Oikos 47:211-222.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.47 , pp. 211-222
    • Weiner, J.1    Thomas, S.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.