Violation of the ISNT rule in nonglaucomatous pediatric optic disc cupping

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 890-895

  Pogrebniak, Alexander E ^a   Wehrung, Ben ^b   Pogrebniak, Katherine L ^b   Shetty, Rajesh K ^c   Crawford, Pam ^b  

^a NEMOURS CHILDREN S CLINIC   (United States)

^b JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPUTER PROGRAM; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE PHOTOGRAPHY; HUMAN; ISNT RULE; MEASUREMENT; MYOPIA; NONGLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC DISK CUPPING; OPTIC DISK ANOMALY; OPTIC DISK CUP; PEDIATRICS; PREMATURITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; VISUAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS; GESTATIONAL AGE; HISTOLOGY; INFANT; NEWBORN; OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; PHOTOGRAPHY; RETINA;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; PHOTOGRAPHY; RETINA;

EID: 77449131808     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3837     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Yoshida M, Okada E, Mizuki N, et al. Age-specific prevalence of open-angle glaucoma and its relationship to refraction among more than 60,000 asymptomatic Japanese subjects. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:1151-1158.
2. Jacobson LK, Dutton GN. Periventricular leukomalacia: an important cause of visual and ocular motility dysfunction in children. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000;45:1-13.
3. McLoone E, O'Keefe M, Donoghue V, McLoone S, Horgan N, Lanigan B. RetCam image analysis of optic disc morphology in premature infants and its relation to ischaemic brain injury. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:465-471.
4. Jacobson L, Hård A-L, Svensson E, Flodmark O, Hellström A. Optic disc morphology may reveal timing of insult in children with periventricular leucomalacia and/or periventricular haemorrhage. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1345-1349.
5. Ruberto G, Salati R, Milano G, et al. Changes in the optic disc excavation of children affected by cerebral visual impairment: a tomographic analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:484-488.
6. Samarawickrama C, Huynh SC, Liew G, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P. Birth weight and optic nerve head parameters. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1112-1118.
7. Blumenthal EZ, Haddad A, Horani A, Anteby I. The reliability of frequency-doubling perimetry in young children. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:435-439.
8. Harizman N, Oliveira C, Chiang A, et al. The ISNT rule and differentiation of normal from glaucomatous eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:1579-583.
9. Fingeret M, Medeiros FA, Susanna R, Weinreb R. Five rules to evaluate the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer for glaucoma. Optometry. 2005;76:661-668.
10. Jonas JB, Gusek GC, Naumann GOH. Optic disc, cup and neuroretinal rim size, configuration and correlations in normal eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29:1151-1158.
11. Jonas JB, Fernández MC, Stürmer J. Pattern of glaucomatous neuroretinal rim loss. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:63-68.
12. World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki. Recommendation guiding physicians in bio-medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 1997;277:925-926.
13. Meyer T, Howland HC. How large is the optic disc?-systematic errors in fundus cameras and topographers. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2001;21:139-150.
14. Beck A. Evaluating and managing optic disc cupping in children. Glaucoma Today. 2009;Jan/Feb:26-28.
15. Sihota R, Srinivasan G, Dada T, Gupta V, Ghate D, Sharma A. Is the ISNT rule violated in early primary open-angle glaucoma: a scanning laser tomography study? Eye. 2008;22:819-824.
16. Jonas JB, Mardin CY, Gründler AE. Comparison of measurements of neuroretinal rim area between confocal laser scanning tomography and planimetry of photographs. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:362-366.
17. Wang Y, Xu L, Jonas JB. Shape of the neuroretinal rim and its correlations with ocular and general parameters in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:462-464.
18. Quigley HA, Brown AE, Morrison JD, Drance SM. The size and shape of the optic disk in normal human eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:51-57.
19. Sekhar GC, Prasad K, Dandona R, John RK, Dandona L. Planimetric optic disc parameters in normal eyes: a population-based study in South India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2001;49:19-23.
20. Kee C, Koo H, Ji Y, Kim S. Effect of optic disc size or age on evaluation of optic disc variables. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81:1046-1049.
21. Garway-Heath DF, Ruben ST, Viswanathan A, Hitchings RA. Vertical cup/disc ratio in relation to optic disc size: its value in assessment of the glaucoma suspect. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:1118-1124.
22. Mardin CY, Horn F, Viestenz A, Lämmer R, Jünemann A. Healthy optic discs with large cups-a diagnostic challenge in glaucoma (in German). Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2006;223(4):308-314.
23. Garway-Heath DF, Rudnicka AR, Lowe T, Foster PJ, Fitzke FW, Hitchings RA. Measurement of optic disc size: equivalence of methods to correct for ocular magnification. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:643-649.
24. De Silva DJ, Cocker KD, Lau G, Clay ST, Fielder AR, Moseley MJ. Optic disk size and optic disk-to-fovea distance in preterm and full-term infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:4683-4686.
25. Rimmer S, Keating C, Chou T, et al. Growth of the human optic disk and nerve during gestation, childhood, and early adulthood. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;116:748-753.
26. Hoffmann EM, Zangwill LM, Crowston JG, Weinreb RN. Optic disk size and glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52(1):32-49.
27. Hess DB, Asrani SG, Bhide MG, Enyedi LB, Stinnett SS, Freedman SF. Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis of normal and glaucomatous eyes in children using optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:509-551.
28. Arvind H, George R, Raju P, et al. Neural rim characteristics of healthy south Indians: the Chennai glaucoma study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:3457-3464.