Authoritarianism's last line of defense

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 69-80

  Schedler, Andreas ^a  

^a CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA ECONÓMICAS   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77249159875     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (27)

1. For a synthesis of democratic advances and setbacks since the mid-1970s, see Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free Societies Throughout the World (New York: Henry Holt, 2008), 39-87.
2. On the rise and demise of electoral autocracies, see Andreas Schedler, ed., Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2006) and
3. Staffan I. Lindberg, ed., Democratization by Elections: A New Mode of Transition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009).
4. My outline of authoritarian strategies of judicial containment largely follows Tamir Moustafa and Tom Ginsburg, "Introduction: The Functions of Courts in Authoritarian Politics," in Tom Ginsburg and Tamir Moustafa, eds., Rule by Law: The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 1-22, although I reframe and rename some of their analytical categories.
5. See Martin Shapiro, "Courts in Authoritarian Regimes," in Ginsburg and Moustafa, eds., Rule by Law, 326-335
6. Moustafa and Ginsburg, "Introduction," 18.
7. Moustafa and Ginsburg, "Introduction," 20. See also Daniel Brinks, The Judicial Response to Police Killings in Latin America: Inequality and the Rule of Law (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
8. See also Andreas Schedler, "Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation," Journal of Democracy 13 (April 2002): 36-50, and
9. "The Logic of Electoral Authoritarianism," in Schedler, Electoral Authoritarianism, 1-23.
10. Robert A. Dahl, Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), 3.
11. See Ellen Lust-Okar, Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
12. Pierre F. Landry, Decentralized Authoritarianism in China: The Communist Party's Control of Local Elites in the Post-Mao Era (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 25.
13. Landry, Decentralized Authoritarianism, 40 and 79.
14. See Joy Langston and Alberto Diaz-Cayeros, "From Hegemony to Glory: Mexico's Governors," unpubl. ms.; Carlos Bravo, "The Science of Not Losing: Electoral Politics in Mexico during the Porfiriato," a paper presented at the Mellon Latin American History Conference, University of Chicago, 2-3 May 2008;
15. Landry, Decentralized Authoritarianism, 39.
16. See, for instance, Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew K. Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (New York: Praeger, 1961);
17. Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973); and
18. Valerie Bunce, Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism and the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
19. See, for example, Jennifer Gandhi and Adam Przeworski, "Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of Autocrats," Comparative Political Studies 40 (November 2007): 1279-1301;
20. Barbara Geddes, "Why Parties and Elections in Authoritarian Regimes?" paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C, 2005; and
21. Beatriz Magaloni, "Credible Power-Sharing and the Longevity of Authoritarian Rule," Comparative Political Studies 41 (April-May 2008): 715-4114.
22. Jennifer Gandhi, Political Institutions under Dictatorship (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 17.
23. Bunce, Subversive Institutions, 2.
24. Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and Ambivalence (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 24.
25. Guiseppe Di Palma, To Craft Democracies: An Essay on Democratic Transitions (Berkeley: University California Press, 1993), 85.
26. For an elaboration of this argument, see Schedler, "The Contingent Power."
27. Albert O. Hirschman, "In Defense of Possibilism," in Albert O. Hirschman, Rival Views of Market Society and Other Recent Essays (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986), 171-175