메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 229-235

The impact of fear for family on mental health in a resettled Iraqi refugee community

Author keywords

Genocide; Mental disorders; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Refugees

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; DEPRESSION; ETHNIC GROUP; FAMILY; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; IRAQI; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; MIGRATION; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFUGEE; SAFETY; SYMPTOM; THREAT; VICTIM;

EID: 77049106563     PISSN: 00223956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.08.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (126)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 77049088097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alvarez L, Lehern A. 3000 deaths in Iraq, countless tears at home. New York Times. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/01/us/01deaths.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1213574938-9p0efr/GNj9ZJwOuzf2f/A&oref=slogin. Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
    • Alvarez L, Lehern A. 3000 deaths in Iraq, countless tears at home. New York Times. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/01/us/01deaths.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1213574938-9p0efr/GNj9ZJwOuzf2f/A&oref=slogin. Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
  • 2
    • 0034840341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language acquisition, unemployment and depressive disorder among Southeast Asian refugees: a 10-year study
    • Beiser M., and Hou F. Language acquisition, unemployment and depressive disorder among Southeast Asian refugees: a 10-year study. Social Sciences and Medicine 53 (2001) 1321-1334
    • (2001) Social Sciences and Medicine , vol.53 , pp. 1321-1334
    • Beiser, M.1    Hou, F.2
  • 4
    • 33749999494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey
    • Burnham G., Lafta R., Doocy S., and Roberts L. Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey. Lancet 368 (2006) 1421-1428
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Burnham, G.1    Lafta, R.2    Doocy, S.3    Roberts, L.4
  • 5
    • 33644595791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mental health and quality of life in male tortured refugees
    • Carlsson J.M., Mortensen E.L., and Kastrup M. Predictors of mental health and quality of life in male tortured refugees. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 60 (2006) 51-57
    • (2006) Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 51-57
    • Carlsson, J.M.1    Mortensen, E.L.2    Kastrup, M.3
  • 7
    • 77049115893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iraq's Mandaeans 'face extinction'
    • Available from:, Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2007
    • Crawford A. Iraq's Mandaeans 'face extinction'. BBC News. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6412454.stm. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2007.
    • BBC News
    • Crawford, A.1
  • 8
    • 77049098955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damon A, Tawfeeq M, Razek R. Iraqi officials: truck bombings killed at least 500. CNN. Available from: http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/08/15/iraq.main.index.html.Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
    • Damon A, Tawfeeq M, Razek R. Iraqi officials: truck bombings killed at least 500. CNN. Available from: http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/08/15/iraq.main.index.html.Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
  • 9
    • 34248149354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTSD symptom changes in refugees
    • Davis R.M., and Davis H. PTSD symptom changes in refugees. Torture 16 (2006) 10-19
    • (2006) Torture , vol.16 , pp. 10-19
    • Davis, R.M.1    Davis, H.2
  • 10
    • 77049116353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deutsch N. Save the gnostics. New York Times. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/06/opinion/06deutsch.html Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
    • Deutsch N. Save the gnostics. New York Times. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/06/opinion/06deutsch.html Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
  • 11
    • 77049090959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dozier K. Shiites, Sunnis battle for Iraq. CBS News. Available from: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/07/notebook/main1294151.shtml. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2006.
    • Dozier K. Shiites, Sunnis battle for Iraq. CBS News. Available from: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/07/notebook/main1294151.shtml. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2006.
  • 12
    • 0034934987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective investigation of the role of cognitive factors in persistent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after physical and sexual assault
    • Dunmore E., Clark D.M., and Ehlers A. A prospective investigation of the role of cognitive factors in persistent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after physical and sexual assault. Behaviour Research Therapy 39 (2001) 1063-1084
    • (2001) Behaviour Research Therapy , vol.39 , pp. 1063-1084
    • Dunmore, E.1    Clark, D.M.2    Ehlers, A.3
  • 13
    • 0033960841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Ehlers A., and Clark D.M. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research Therapy 38 (2000) 319-345
    • (2000) Behaviour Research Therapy , vol.38 , pp. 319-345
    • Ehlers, A.1    Clark, D.M.2
  • 14
    • 77049084576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filkins D. Iraq war ends silently for one American soldier. New York Times. Available from: http://nytimes.com/2006/06/29/world/middleeast/29soldier.html. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2006.
    • Filkins D. Iraq war ends silently for one American soldier. New York Times. Available from: http://nytimes.com/2006/06/29/world/middleeast/29soldier.html. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2006.
  • 15
    • 0024399164 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder
    • Foa E.B., Steketee G., and Rothbaum B.O. Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy 20 (1989) 155-176
    • (1989) Behavior Therapy , vol.20 , pp. 155-176
    • Foa, E.B.1    Steketee, G.2    Rothbaum, B.O.3
  • 16
    • 18744436804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: results from the IQOLA Project International Quality of Life Assessment
    • Gandek B., Ware J.E., Aaronson N.K., Apolone G., Bjorner J.G., Barzier J.E., et al. Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: results from the IQOLA Project International Quality of Life Assessment. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 51 (1998) 1171-1178
    • (1998) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.51 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Gandek, B.1    Ware, J.E.2    Aaronson, N.K.3    Apolone, G.4    Bjorner, J.G.5    Barzier, J.E.6
  • 17
    • 77049101261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iraqi Christians fleeing to Jordan, Syria
    • Available from:, Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2004
    • Gavlak D. Iraqi Christians fleeing to Jordan, Syria. Compass Direct News. Available from: www.crosswalk.com/news/religiontoday/1289972.html. Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2004.
    • Compass Direct News
    • Gavlak, D.1
  • 18
    • 77049123788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from:, Retrieved June 11, 2008; undated
    • Genocide Watch. Mandaeans of Iraq. Available from: http://genocidewatch.org/news/IraqGenocideWatchMandaeansofIraq.htm. Retrieved June 11, 2008; undated.
    • Genocide Watch. Mandaeans of Iraq
  • 19
    • 0031912474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological sequelae of torture and organised violence suffered by refugees from Iraq. Trauma-related factors compared with social factors in exile
    • Gorst-Unsworth C., and Goldenberg E. Psychological sequelae of torture and organised violence suffered by refugees from Iraq. Trauma-related factors compared with social factors in exile. British Journal Psychiatry 172 (1998) 90-94
    • (1998) British Journal Psychiatry , vol.172 , pp. 90-94
    • Gorst-Unsworth, C.1    Goldenberg, E.2
  • 20
    • 0028914233 scopus 로고
    • Organised violence and the stress of exile: predictors of mental health in a community cohort of Vietnamese refugees three years after resettlement
    • Hauff E., and Vaglum P. Organised violence and the stress of exile: predictors of mental health in a community cohort of Vietnamese refugees three years after resettlement. British Journal Psychiatry 166 (1995) 360-367
    • (1995) British Journal Psychiatry , vol.166 , pp. 360-367
    • Hauff, E.1    Vaglum, P.2
  • 21
    • 33645326273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy for Cambodian refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: a cross-over design
    • Hinton D.E., Chean D., Pich V., Safren S., Hofmann S., and Pollack M. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy for Cambodian refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: a cross-over design. Journal of Traumatic Stress 18 (2005) 617-629
    • (2005) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.18 , pp. 617-629
    • Hinton, D.E.1    Chean, D.2    Pich, V.3    Safren, S.4    Hofmann, S.5    Pollack, M.6
  • 24
    • 77049089800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Howard M. Sunni-Shia schism 'threatening to tear Iraq apart', says conflict group. The guardian. Available from: http://guardian.co.uk/world/2006/feb/27/iraq.michaelhoward. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2006.
    • Howard M. Sunni-Shia schism 'threatening to tear Iraq apart', says conflict group. The guardian. Available from: http://guardian.co.uk/world/2006/feb/27/iraq.michaelhoward. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2006.
  • 25
    • 33645046100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of post-migration detention on mental health among Afghan asylum seekers in Japan
    • Ichikawa M.N., and Wakai S. Effect of post-migration detention on mental health among Afghan asylum seekers in Japan. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40 (2006) 341-346
    • (2006) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 341-346
    • Ichikawa, M.N.1    Wakai, S.2
  • 26
    • 0036889570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3-year follow-up study of psychosocial functioning and general symptoms in settled refugees
    • Lie B. A 3-year follow-up study of psychosocial functioning and general symptoms in settled refugees. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 106 (2002) 415-425
    • (2002) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia , vol.106 , pp. 415-425
    • Lie, B.1
  • 29
    • 77049090958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from:, Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2006
    • Mandaeans persecuted in Iraq. ACB radio national. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/relrpt/stories/s1657535.htm. Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2006.
    • Mandaeans persecuted in Iraq. ACB radio national
  • 32
    • 77049109271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family separation: Somali women in Melbourne
    • Leach M., and Mansouri F. (Eds), Deakin University, Geelong
    • McMichael C., and Ahmed M. Family separation: Somali women in Melbourne. In: Leach M., and Mansouri F. (Eds). Critical perspectives on refugee policy in Australia (2003), Deakin University, Geelong
    • (2003) Critical perspectives on refugee policy in Australia
    • McMichael, C.1    Ahmed, M.2
  • 33
    • 34447510881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and changes in traumatic memories over time in Bosnian refugees
    • Mollica R.F., Caridad K.R., and Massagli M.P. Longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and changes in traumatic memories over time in Bosnian refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195 (2007) 572-579
    • (2007) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.195 , pp. 572-579
    • Mollica, R.F.1    Caridad, K.R.2    Massagli, M.P.3
  • 34
    • 0026607175 scopus 로고
    • The Harvard trauma questionnaire: validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees
    • Mollica R.F., Caspi-Yavin Y., Bollini P., Troung T., Tor S., and Lavelle J. The Harvard trauma questionnaire: validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 180 (1992) 111-116
    • (1992) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.180 , pp. 111-116
    • Mollica, R.F.1    Caspi-Yavin, Y.2    Bollini, P.3    Troung, T.4    Tor, S.5    Lavelle, J.6
  • 35
    • 0031765596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence
    • Mollica R.F., McInnes K., Poole C., and Tor S. Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence. British Journal of Psychiatry 173 (1998) 482-488
    • (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.173 , pp. 482-488
    • Mollica, R.F.1    McInnes, K.2    Poole, C.3    Tor, S.4
  • 39
    • 0023260115 scopus 로고
    • Indochinese versions of the Hopkins symptom checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees
    • Mollica R.F., Wyshak G., de Marneffe D., Khoun F., and Lavelle J. Indochinese versions of the Hopkins symptom checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry 144 (1987) 467-500
    • (1987) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 467-500
    • Mollica, R.F.1    Wyshak, G.2    de Marneffe, D.3    Khoun, F.4    Lavelle, J.5
  • 40
    • 3342903493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psycheducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement
    • Neuner F., Schauer M., Klaschik C., Karunakara U., and Elbert T. A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psycheducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72 (2004) 579-587
    • (2004) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 579-587
    • Neuner, F.1    Schauer, M.2    Klaschik, C.3    Karunakara, U.4    Elbert, T.5
  • 41
    • 77049115892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newmarker C. Survival of ancient faith threatened by fighting in Iraq. Associated Press. Available from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/09/AR2007020901687.html. Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
    • Newmarker C. Survival of ancient faith threatened by fighting in Iraq. Associated Press. Available from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/09/AR2007020901687.html. Retrieved January 17, 2009; 2007.
  • 42
    • 0034906976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees
    • Paunovic N., and Ost L.-G. Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behaviour Research and Therapy 39 (2001) 1183-1197
    • (2001) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.39 , pp. 1183-1197
    • Paunovic, N.1    Ost, L.-G.2
  • 43
    • 23044442112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis
    • Porter M., and Haslam N. Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 294 (2005) 602-612
    • (2005) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.294 , pp. 602-612
    • Porter, M.1    Haslam, N.2
  • 44
    • 0035002893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma and extended separation from family among Latin American and African refugees in Montreal
    • Rosseau C., Mekki-Berrada A., and Moreau S. Trauma and extended separation from family among Latin American and African refugees in Montreal. Psychiatry 64 (2001) 40-59
    • (2001) Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 40-59
    • Rosseau, C.1    Mekki-Berrada, A.2    Moreau, S.3
  • 45
    • 43249087820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entering exile: trauma, mental health, and coping among Tibetan refugees arriving in Dharamsala, India
    • Sachs E., Rosenfeld B., Lhewa D., Rasmussen A., and Keller A. Entering exile: trauma, mental health, and coping among Tibetan refugees arriving in Dharamsala, India. Journal of Traumatic Stress 21 (2008) 199-208
    • (2008) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.21 , pp. 199-208
    • Sachs, E.1    Rosenfeld, B.2    Lhewa, D.3    Rasmussen, A.4    Keller, A.5
  • 46
    • 0036139430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and severity of mental health-related disability and relationship to diagnosis (SF-12)
    • Sanderson K., and Andrews G. Prevalence and severity of mental health-related disability and relationship to diagnosis (SF-12). Psychiatric Services 53 (2002) 80-86
    • (2002) Psychiatric Services , vol.53 , pp. 80-86
    • Sanderson, K.1    Andrews, G.2
  • 47
    • 33644898568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma, post-migration living difficulties and social support as predictors of psychosocial adjustment in resettled Sudanese refugees
    • Schweitzer R., Melville F., Steel Z., and Lacharez P. Trauma, post-migration living difficulties and social support as predictors of psychosocial adjustment in resettled Sudanese refugees. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40 (2006) 179-187
    • (2006) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 179-187
    • Schweitzer, R.1    Melville, F.2    Steel, Z.3    Lacharez, P.4
  • 48
    • 34548801471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Harvard trauma questionnaire: adapting a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraqi refugees
    • Shoeb M., Weinstein H., and Mollica R.F. The Harvard trauma questionnaire: adapting a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraqi refugees. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 53 (2007) 447-643
    • (2007) International Journal of Social Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 447-643
    • Shoeb, M.1    Weinstein, H.2    Mollica, R.F.3
  • 49
    • 33847013324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for depression and PTSD in a Cambodian population unaffected by war: comparing the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire with the structured clinical interview
    • Silove D., Manicavasagar V., Mollica R.F., Thai M., Khiek D., Lavelle J., et al. Screening for depression and PTSD in a Cambodian population unaffected by war: comparing the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire with the structured clinical interview. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195 (2007) 152-157
    • (2007) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.195 , pp. 152-157
    • Silove, D.1    Manicavasagar, V.2    Mollica, R.F.3    Thai, M.4    Khiek, D.5    Lavelle, J.6
  • 50
    • 0030998263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety, depression and PTSD in asylum-seekers: associations with pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors
    • Silove D., Sinnerbrink I., Field A., Manicavasagar V., and Steel Z. Anxiety, depression and PTSD in asylum-seekers: associations with pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors. British Journal of Psychiatry 170 (1997) 351-357
    • (1997) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.170 , pp. 351-357
    • Silove, D.1    Sinnerbrink, I.2    Field, A.3    Manicavasagar, V.4    Steel, Z.5
  • 51
    • 0036144134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of torture on post-traumatic stress symptoms in war-affected Tamil refugees and immigrants
    • Silove D., Steel Z., McGorry P., Miles V., and Drobny J. The impact of torture on post-traumatic stress symptoms in war-affected Tamil refugees and immigrants. Comprehensive Psychiatry 43 (2002) 49-55
    • (2002) Comprehensive Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 49-55
    • Silove, D.1    Steel, Z.2    McGorry, P.3    Miles, V.4    Drobny, J.5
  • 52
    • 0031892232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma exposure, postmigration stressors, and symptoms of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress in Tamil asylum-seekers: comparison with refugees and immigrants
    • Silove D., Steel Z., McGorry P., and Mohan P. Trauma exposure, postmigration stressors, and symptoms of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress in Tamil asylum-seekers: comparison with refugees and immigrants. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 97 (1998) 175-181
    • (1998) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia , vol.97 , pp. 175-181
    • Silove, D.1    Steel, Z.2    McGorry, P.3    Mohan, P.4
  • 53
    • 33749596525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental distress, economic hardship and expectations of life in Canada among Sudanese newcomers
    • Simich L., Hamilton H., and Baya B.K. Mental distress, economic hardship and expectations of life in Canada among Sudanese newcomers. Transcultural Psychiatry 43 (2006) 418-444
    • (2006) Transcultural Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 418-444
    • Simich, L.1    Hamilton, H.2    Baya, B.K.3
  • 54
    • 0034237148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generality of cognitive bias in acute stress disorder
    • Smith K., and Bryant R.A. The generality of cognitive bias in acute stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (2000) 709-715
    • (2000) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.38 , pp. 709-715
    • Smith, K.1    Bryant, R.A.2
  • 55
    • 0031027588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistency of memory for combat-related traumatic events in veterans of operation desert storm
    • Southwick S., Morgan C., Nicolaou A., and Charney D. Consistency of memory for combat-related traumatic events in veterans of operation desert storm. American Journal of Psychiatry 154 (1997) 173-177
    • (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 173-177
    • Southwick, S.1    Morgan, C.2    Nicolaou, A.3    Charney, D.4
  • 56
    • 0032766201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways from war trauma to posttraumatic stress symptoms among Tamil asylum seekers, refugees and immigrants
    • Steel Z., Silove D., Bird K., McGorry P., and Mohan P. Pathways from war trauma to posttraumatic stress symptoms among Tamil asylum seekers, refugees and immigrants. Journal of Traumatic Stress 12 (1999) 421-435
    • (1999) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.12 , pp. 421-435
    • Steel, Z.1    Silove, D.2    Bird, K.3    McGorry, P.4    Mohan, P.5
  • 58
    • 15944391402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental disorders, disability and health service use amongst Vietnamese refugees and the host Australian population
    • Steel Z., Silove D., Chey T., Bauman A., Phan T., and Phan T. Mental disorders, disability and health service use amongst Vietnamese refugees and the host Australian population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 111 (2005) 300-309
    • (2005) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia , vol.111 , pp. 300-309
    • Steel, Z.1    Silove, D.2    Chey, T.3    Bauman, A.4    Phan, T.5    Phan, T.6
  • 59
    • 77049085100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iraqi minority group needs US attention
    • Available from:, Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2007
    • Thaler K. Iraqi minority group needs US attention. Yale Daily News. Available from: http://www.yaledailynews.com/articles/view/20341. Retrieved January 16, 2009; 2007.
    • Yale Daily News
    • Thaler, K.1
  • 64
    • 0030096228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity
    • Ware Jr. J., Kosinski M., and Keller S.D. A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care 34 (1996) 220-233
    • (1996) Medical Care , vol.34 , pp. 220-233
    • Ware Jr., J.1    Kosinski, M.2    Keller, S.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.