Nosocomial transmission of the F15/LAM4/KZN genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients on tuberculosis treatment

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 223-230

  Pillay, M ^a   Sturm, A W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

F15 LAM4 KZN genotype; Nosocomial transmission; Reinfection; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; ETHAMBUTOL; ISONIAZID; RIFAMPICIN; STREPTOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; DNA FINGERPRINTING; DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; GENE INSERTION; GENOTYPE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; INFECTION RISK; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MIXED INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOUTH AFRICA; SUPERINFECTION;

ADULT; ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; CROSS INFECTION; DNA FINGERPRINTING; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; SOUTH AFRICA; TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77049103153     PISSN: 10273719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Frieden T R, Sherman L F, Khin L M, et al. A multi-institutional outbreak of highly drug resistant tuberculosis. Epidemiology and clinical outcomes. JAMA 1996; 276: 1229-1235.
2. Pillay M, Onyebujoh P, Sturm A W. Re-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an urban TB hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 1998; 4: 49-51.
3. Sacks L V, Pendle S, Orlovic D, Blumberg L, Constantinov C. A comparison of outbreak and non-outbreak related multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in a South African hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 96-101.
4. Beck-Sague C, Dooley S W, Hutton M D, et al. Hospital outbreak of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Factors in transmission to staff and HIV-infected patients. JAMA 1992; 268: 1280-1286.
5. Pearson M L, Jereb J A, Frieden T R, et al. Nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A risk to patients and health care workers. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 191-196.
6. Rullan J V, Herrera D, Cano R, et al. Nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 1996; 2: 125-129.
7. Chou M Y, Sun C C, Yeh P F, et al. Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis found through screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome - Taipei, Taiwan, 2003. MMWR 2004; 53: 321-322.
8. Bhanu N V, Banavalikar J N, Kapoor S K, Seth P. Suspected small-scale interpersonal transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in wards of an urban hospital in Delhi, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 70: 527-531.
9. Gandhi N R, Moll A, Sturm A W, et al. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. Lancet 2006; 368: 1575-1580.
10. Nardell E, McInnis B, Thomas B, Weidhaas S. Exogenous reinfection with tuberculosis in a shelter for the homeless. N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 1570-1575.
11. Small P M, Shafer R W, Hopewell P C, et al. Exogenous reinfection with multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with advanced HIV infection. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1137-1144.
12. Van Rie A, Warren R, Richardson M, et al. Exogenous re-infection as a cause of recurrent tuberculosis after curative treatment. N Engl J Med 1999; 34: 1174-1179.
13. Chiang C Y, Riley L. Exogenous re-infection in tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 629-636.
14. Verver V, Warren R M, Beyers N, et al. Rate of re-infection tuberculosis after successful treatment is higher than rate of new tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 1430-1435.
15. Shafer R W, Singh S P, Larkin C, Small P M. Exogenous re-infection with multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient. Tubercle Lung Dis 1995; 76: 575-577.
16. Van Rie A, Victor T C, Richardson M, et al. Reactivation and mixed infections cause changing Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance patterns. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 636-642.
17. Andrews J R, Gandhi N R, Moodley P, et al. Exogenous re-infection as a cause of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in rural South Africa. J Infect Dis 2008; 198: 1582-1589.
18. Willingham F F, Schmitz T L, Contreras M, et al. Hospital control and multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in female patients, Lima, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 123-127.
19. Sepkowitz K A. How contagious is tuberculosis? Clin Infect Dis 1996b; 23: 954-962.
20. McGowan J E Jr. Nosocomial transmission: new progress in control and prevention. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 489-505.
21. Breathnach A S, de Ruiter A, Holdsworth G M, et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a London teaching hospital. J Hospital Infect 1998; 39: 111-117.
22. Small P M, Hopewell P C, Singh S P, et al. The epidemiology of tuberculosis in San Francisco. A population-based study using conventional and molecular methods. New Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1703-1709.
23. Wilkinson D, Pillay M, Crump J, Lombard C, Davies G R, Sturm A W. Molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in rural Africa: results from a large population-based study. Trop Med Int Health 1997; 2: 747-753.
24. Pillay M, Sturm A W. Evolution of the extensive drug-resistant (XDR) F15/LAM4/KZN strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 1409-1414.
25. Durban Immunotherapy Trial Group. Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 116-119.
26. Hacek D. Modified proportion agar dilution test for slowly growing mycobacteria. In: Isenberg H D, ed. Clinical microbiology procedures handbook. Vol 1. Washington DC, USA: American Society for Microbiology, 1992: pp 5.13.1-5.13.15.
27. Van Embden J D A, Cave M D, Crawford J T, et al. Strain identification of M. tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendation for a standardized methodology. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 406-409.
28. Doran T J, Hodgson A L M, Davies J K, Radford A J. Characterization of a highly repeated DNA sequence from M. bovis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 11: 147-152.
29. Cave M D, Eisenach K D, Templeton G, et al. Stability of DNA fingerprint pattern produced with IS6110 in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 262-266.
30. Richardson M, Carroll N M, Engelke E, et al. Multiple Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in early cultures from patients in a high-incidence community setting. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 2750-2754.
31. Warren R M, Victor T C, Streicher E M, et al. Patients with active tuberculosis often have different strains in the same sputum specimen. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 169: 610-614.
32. Post F A, Willcox P A, Mathema B, et al. Genetic polymorphism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with chronic multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2004; 190: 99-106.
33. Hofmann-Thiel S, van Ingen J, Feldmann K, et al. Mechanisms of heteroresistance to isoniazid and rifampicin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Euro Respir J 2009; 33: 368-374.
34. Sonnenberg P, Glynn J R, Fielding K, Murray J, Godfrey-Faussett P, Shearer S. How soon after infection with HIV does the risk of tuberculosis start to increase? A retrospective cohort study in South African gold miners. J Infect Dis 2005; 191: 150-158.