Towards improved understanding of PEG-impregnated waterlogged archaeological wood: A model study on recent oak

Holzforschung

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 243-250

  Bjurhager, Ingela ^a   Ljungdahl, Jonas ^a   Wallström, Lennart ^b   Gamstedt, E Kristofer ^a   Berglund, Lars A ^a  

^a ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Axial tension; Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS); European oak; Impregnation; Polyethylene glycol (PEG); Radial compression; Wide angle X ray scattering (WAXS); Young?s modulus.

Indexed keywords

AXIAL TENSION; AXIAL TENSIONS; DYNAMIC VAPOR SORPTION (DVS); RADIAL COMPRESSION; WIDE-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING;

BIOMECHANICS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; IMPREGNATION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PHOTODEGRADATION; POLYETHYLENE OXIDES; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SORPTION; TENSILE STRENGTH; TENSILE TESTING; THERMOPLASTICS; VAPORS; VOLTAGE STABILIZING CIRCUITS; WOOD; X RAY SCATTERING;

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS;

COMPRESSION; COMPRESSION STRENGTH; ELASTIC STRENGTH; IMPREGNATION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL; QUERCUS ROBUR; TENSILE STRENGTH; THERMOPLASTICS; VAPORS;

QUERCUS ROBUR;

EID: 76849084829     PISSN: 00183830     EISSN: 1437434X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/HF.2010.024     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Akitsu, H., Gril, J., Norimoto, M. (1993) Uniaxial modelling of vibrational properties of chemically modified wood. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 39:258-264
2. Almkvist G., The Chemistry of the Vasa - Iron, Acids and Degradation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, 2008.
3. Andersson, S. A Study of the Nanostructure of the Cell Wall of the Tracheids of Conifer Xylem by X-ray Scattering. Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 2006.
4. Bra?er, O.U., Bill, J. (1979) Zum derzeitigen Stand der Nassholzkonservierung. Z. Schweiz. Arscha?l. Kunstgesch. 36:97-145.
5. Burgert, I., Bernasconi, A., Niklas, K.J., Eckstein, D. (2001) The influence of rays on the transverse elastic anisotropy in green wood of deciduous trees. Holzforschung 55:449-454.
6. Cronstro?, O?., Forssander, T. Underso?ning av polyetylenglykolstabiliserat tra? Lunds tekniska ho?skola, avd. Byggnadsmaterial, 1968.
7. Dumail, J.F., Salme?, L. (1997) Compression behaviour of saturated wood perpendicular to grain under large deformations - comparison between water-saturated and ethylene glycol-saturated wood. Holzforschung 51:296-302.
8. Fors, Y. Sulfur-Related Conservation Concerns for Marine Archaeological Wood - The Origin, Speciation and Distribution of Accumulated Sulfur with Some Remedies for the Vasa Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm. 2008
9. Green, D.W., Kretschmann, D.E. Moisture content and the properties of clear southern Pine. Research paper FPLRP531, U.S. Dept. of Agric. For. Serv., Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, 1994.
10. Ha?fors, B. (1990) The role of the Wasa in the development of the polyethylene glycol preservation method. Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemistry Society, Washington, DC. 225: 195-216.
11. Hoffmann, P. (1985) On the stabilization of waterlogged oakwood with PEG - molecular size versus degree of degradation. In: Waterlogged Wood-Study and Conservation. Proceedings of the 2nd ICOM Waterlogged Wood Working Group Conference. Eds. Ramie?e, R., Colardelle, M. Centre d'etude et de traitement des bois gorges d'eau, Grenoble. pp. 95-115.
12. Hoffmann, P. (1988) On the stabilization of waterlogged oakwood with polyethylene glycol (PEG) III - Testing the oligomers. Holzforschung 42:289-294.
13. Ishimaru, Y., Minase, T. (1992) Mechanical properties of wood swollen in various stages of swelling: I - Mechanical and swelling behaviour of wood swollen in various organic liquids. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 38:550-555.
14. Ishimaru, Y., Narimoto, S., Iida, I. (2001) Mechanical properties of wood swollen in organic liquids with two or more functional groups for hydrogen bonding in a molecule. J. Wood Sci. 47: 171-177.
15. Kataoka, T., Kurimoto, Y., Koezuka, T., Kohdzuma, Y. (2007) Conservation of archaeological waterlogged wood by lignophenol. In: Proceedings of the 10th ICOM Group on Wet Organic Archaeological Materials Conference. Eds. Straetkvern, K., Huisman, D.J. Drukkerij Stamij, Amersfoot. pp. 315-322.
16. Keckes, J., Burgert, I., Fru?mann, K., Mu?ler, M., Ko?ln, K., Hamilton, M., Burghammer, M., Roth, S.V., Stanzl-Tschegg, S., Fratzl, P. (2003) Cell-wall recovery after irreversible deformation of wood. Nat. Mater. 2:810-814.
17. Kreicuma, V., Svalbe, S. (1972) Mechanical characteristics of wood which contains polyethylene glycol. Latvian Academy of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry. LLA Publ. 65:63-65.
18. Lichtenegger, H., Reiterer, A., Stanzl-Tschegg, S.E., Fratzl, P. (1999) Variation of cellulose microfibril angles in softwoods and hardwoods - A possible strategy of mechanical optimization. J. Struct. Biol. 128:257-269.
19. Ljungdahl, J. Structure and properties of Vasa oak. Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 2006.
20. Ljungdahl, J., Berglund, L.A. (2007a) Transverse mechanical behaviour and moisture absorption of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Vasa ship. Holzforschung 61:279-284.
21. Ljungdahl, J., Berglund, L.A. (2007b) Why are the radial properties of archaeological Vasa oak reduced compared with recent oak? In: Proceedings of Third International Symposium on Wood Machining. Eds. Navi, P., Guidoum, A. Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, Lausanne. pp. 205-207.
22. Ljungdahl, J., Berglund, L.A., Burman, M. (2006) Transverse anisotropy of compressive failure in European oak - A digital speckle photography study. Holzforschung 60:190-195.
23. Mortensen, M.N., Egsgaard, H., Hvilsted, S., Shashoua, Y., Glastrup, J. (2007) Characterisation of the polyethylene glycol impregnation of Swedish warship Vasa and one of the Danish Skuldelev Viking ships. J. Archaeol. Sci. 34:1211-1218.
24. Obataya, E., Norimoto, M., Tomita, B. (2001) Mechanical relaxation processes of wood in the low temperature range. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81:3338-3347.
25. Reiterer, A., Lichtenegger, H., Fratzl, P., Stanzl-Tschegg, S.E. (2001) Deformation and energy absorption of wood cell walls with different nanostructure under tensile loading. J. Mater. Sci. 36: 4681-4686.
26. Sato, K. (1988) Fracture toughness of wood and PEG treated wood. J. Soc. Mater. Sci. 416:535-537.
27. Schneider, A. (1969) Untersuchungen u?er Eigenschafta?derungen des Holzes durch Tra?kung mit Polya?hylenglykol und u?er die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Tra?kverfahren. Holz Roh Werkst. 28:20-34.
28. Segerholm, K. Wood plastic composites made from modified wood - Aspects on moisture sorption, micromorphology and durability. Division of Building Materials, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 2007.
29. Stamm, A.J. (1959) Effect of polyethylene glycol treatment upon the dimensional stabilization and other properties of wood. For. Prod. J. 9:375-381.
30. Tsoumis, G.T. Science and Technology of Wood: Structure, Properties and Utilization. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991.
31. Wa?linder, M., Englund, F., Sterley, M., Furo? I. (2005) Morphology, micromechanics, chemical degradation, and moisture behaviour of the Vasa wood. Status Report within the Cure the Vasa Project, SP Tra?ek (Swedish Testing and Research Institute), Stockholm.
32. Wallstro?, L., Lindberg, K.A.H. (1995) Wood surface stabilization with polyethylene glycol, PEG. Wood Sci. Technol. 29:109-119.
33. Wheeler, E.A., Thomas, R.J. (1981) Ultrastructural characteristics of mature wood of southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.) and white oak (Quercus alba L.). Wood Fiber 13:169-181.