Interplanetary causes of middle latitude ionospheric disturbances

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 181, Issue , 2008, Pages 99-119

  Tsurutani, Bruce T ^a   Echer, Ezequiel ^b   Guarnieri, Fernando L ^c   Verkhoglyadova, Olga P ^a,d  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS   (Brazil)

^c INSTITUTO DE PESQUISA E DESENVOLVIMENTO   (Brazil)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 76749117035     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/181GM11     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (132)

1. Afraimovich, E. L. (2000), GPS global detection of the ionospheric response to solar flares, Radio Sci., 35, 1417.
2. Alves, M. V., E. Echer, and W. D. Gonzalez (2006), Geoeffectiveness of corotating interaction regions as measured by Dst index, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S5, doi:10.1029/2005JA011379.
3. Babcock, H. W. (1961), The topology of the sun’s magnetic field and the 22-year cycle, Astrophys. J., 133, 572.
4. Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, R. W. Klebesadel, and P. R. Higbie (1986), Highly relativistic electrons in the Earth’s outer magnetosphere, 1. Lifetimes and temporal history 1979–1984, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4265–4276.
5. Balogh, A., J. T. Gosling, J. R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow (Eds.) (1999), Corotating Interaction Regions, Space Sci. Rev., 89.
6. Blanc, M., and A. D. Richmond (1980), The ionospheric disturbance dynamo, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1669–1686.
7. Buonsanto, M. J. (1999), Ionospheric storms—a review, Space Sci. Rev., 88, 563.
8. Burch, J. L. (1972), Preconditions for the triggering of polar magnetic substorms by storm sudden commencements, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 5629–5632.
9. Carrington, R. C. (1859), Description of a singular appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 20, 13.
10. Craig, I. J. D., and Y. E. Litvinenko (2002), Particle acceleration scalings based on exact analytic models for magnetic reconnection, Astrophys. J., 570(1), 387–394, Part 1.
11. Donnelly, R. F. (1976), Empirical models of solar flare x ray and EUV emissions for use in studying their E and F region effects, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4745–4753.
12. Dungey, J. W. (1961), Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones, Phys. Rev. Lett., 6, 47.
13. Echer, E., and W. D. Gonzalez (2004), Geoeffectiveness of interplanetary shocks, magnetic clouds, sector boundary crossings and their combined occurrence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L09808, doi:10.1029/2003GL019199.
14. Echer, E, W. D. Gonzalez, B. T. Tsurutani, and A. L. C. Gonzalez (2008), Interplanetary conditions causing intense geomagnetic storms (Dst <-100 nT) during solar cycle 23 (1996–2006), J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05221, doi:10.1029/2007JA012744.
15. Elkington, S. R., M. K. Hudson, and A. A. Chan (2003), Resonant acceleration and diffusion of outer zone electrons in an asymmetric geomagnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A3), 1116, doi:10.129/2001JA009202.
16. Elkington, S. R., M. Wiltberger, A. A. Chan, and D. N. Baker (2004), Physical models of the geospace radiation environment, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 1371.
17. Farrugia, C. J., L. F. Burlaga, and R. P. Lepping (1997), Magnetic clouds and the quiet-storm effect at Earth, in Magnetic Storms, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 98, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 91–106, AGU, Washington, D. C.
18. Fuller-Rowell, T. M., M. V. Codrescu, R G. Roble, and A. D. Richmond (1997), How does the thermosphere and ionosphere react to a geomagnetic storm?, in Magnetic Storm, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 98, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 203–225, AGU, Washington, D. C.
19. Gonzalez, W. D., B. T. Tsurutani, A. L. C. Gonzalez, E. J. Smith, F. Tang, and S.-I. Akasofu (1989), Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling during intense magnetic storms (1978-1979), J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8835–8851.
20. Gonzalez, W. D., J. A. Joselyn, Y. Kamide, H. W. Kroehl, G. Rostoker, B. T. Tsurutani, and V. M. Vasyliunas (1994), What is a geomagnetic storm?, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5771–5792.
21. Gonzalez, W. D., A. L. C. de Gonzalez, A. Dal Lago, B. T. Tsurutani, J. K. Arballo, G. K. Lakhina, B. Buti, C. M. Ho, and S.-T. Wu (1998), Magnetic cloud field intensities and solar wind velocities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 963–966.
22. Gonzalez, W. D., E. Echer, A. L. Clua-Gonzalez, and B. T. Tsurutani (2007), Interplanetary origin of intense geomagnetic storms (Dst <-100 nT) during solar cycle 23, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L06101, doi:10.1029/2006GL028879.
23. Gopalswamy, N. (2006), Coronal mass ejections of solar cycle 23, J. Astrophys. Astron., 27, 243, Jun–Sept.
24. Guarnieri, F. L. (2006), The nature of auroras during high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) events: 1998 to 2001, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 235–244, AGU, Washington D. C.
25. Haerendel, G. (1994), Acceleration from field-aligned potential drops, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 90, 765.
26. Haerendel, G. (2001), Auroral acceleration in astrophysical plasmas, Phys. Plasmas, 8, 2365.
27. Harvey, K. L., and F. Recely (2002), Polar coronal holes during cycles 22 and 23, Sol. Phys., 211, 31.
28. Harvey, K., S. Suess, M. Aschwanden, M. Guhathakurta, J. Harvey, D. Hathaway, B. LaBonte, N. Sheeley, and B. T. Tsurutani (2000), A NASA workshop on coronal holes near solar maximum and over the solar cycle, NASA White Paper, December.
29. Horne, R. B. (1998), The contribution of wave–particle interactions to electron loss and acceleration in the Earth’s radiation belts during geomagnetic storms, in Rev. Radio Sci. 1999–2002, edited by W. R. Stone, p. 801, Wiley, New York.
30. Horne, R. B., N. P. Meredith, S. A. Glauert, A. Varotsou, D. Boscher, R. M. Thorne, Y. Y. Shprits, and R. R. Anderson (2006), Mechanisms for the acceleration of relativistic electrons, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp.151–174, AGU, Washington, D. C.
31. Hu, Q., and B. U. Ö. Sonnerup (2001), Reconstruction of magnetic flux ropes in the solar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 467–470.
32. Huang, C.-S., J. C. Foster, L. P. Goncharenko, P. J. Erickson, W. Rideout, and A. J. Coster (2005), A strong positive phase of ionospheric storms observed by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar and global GPS network, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A06303, doi:10.1029/2004JA010865.
33. Huba, J. D., G. Joyce, and J. A. Fedder (2000), Sami2 is another model of the ionosphere (SAMI2): A new low-latitude ionosphere model, J. Geophys. Res., 105(A10), 23,035–23,053.
34. Hudson, M. K., S. R. Elkington, J. G. Lyon, V. A. Marchenko, I. Roth, M. Temerin, J. B. Blake, M. S. Gussenhoven, and J. R. Wygant (1997), Simulations of radiation belt formation during storm sudden commencements, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 14,087–14,102.
35. Hudson, M. K., S. R. Elkington, J. G. Lyon, C. C. Goodrich, and T. J. Rosenberg (1999), Simulation of radiation belt dynamics driven by solar wind variations, in Sun-Earth Plasma Connections, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 109, edited by J. L. Burch, R. L. Carovillano, and S. K. Antiochos, pp. 171–182, AGU, Washington, D. C.
36. Hudson, M. K., B. T. Kress, J. E. Mazur, K. L. Perry, and P. L. Slocum (2004), 3D modeling of shock-induced trapping of solar energetic particles in the Earth’s magnetosphere, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 1389, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2004.03.024.
37. Joselyn, J. A., and B. T. Tsurutani (1990), Geomagnetic sudden impulses and storm sudden commencements: A note on terminology, Eos Trans. AGU, 71(47), 1808.
38. Judge, D. L. (1998), First solar EUV irradiance obtained from SOHO by the CELIAS/SEM, Sol. Phys., 177, 161.
39. Kahler, S. W., N. R. Sheeley Jr., R. A. Howard, M. J. Koomen, D. J. Michels, R. E. McGuire, T. T. von Rosenvinge, and D. V. Reames (1984), Association between coronal mass ejections and solar energetic proton events, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9683–9693.
40. Kallenrode, M. B. (2003), Current views on impulsive and gradual energetic particle events, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 29, 965.
41. Kallenrode, M. B., E. Cliver, and G. Wibberenz (1992), Composition and azimuthal spread of solar energetic particles from impulsive and gradual flares, Astrophys. J., 391, 370.
42. Kamide, Y., N. Yokoyama, W. Gonzalez, B. T. Tsurutani, I. A. Daglis, A. Brekke, and S. Masuda (1998), Two-step development of geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6917–6921.
43. Kawasaki, K., S.-I. Akasofu, F. Yasuhara, and C.-I. Meng (1971), Storm sudden commencements and polar magnetic substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6781–6789.
44. Kelley, M. C., B. G. Fejer, and C. A. Gonzales (1979), An explanation for anomalous equatorial ionospheric electric field associated with a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6(4), 301–304.
45. Kelley, M. C., J. J. Makela, J. L. Chau, and M. J. Nicolls (2003), Penetration of the solar wind electric field into the magnetosphere/ ionosphere system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(4), 1158, doi:10.1029/2002GL016321.
46. Kennel, C. F., J. P. Edmiston, and T. Hada (1985), A quarter century of collisionless shock research, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: A Tutorial Review, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 34, edited by R. G. Stone and B. T. Tsurutani, pp. 1–36, AGU, Washington, D. C.
47. Kikuchi, T., and T. Araki (1979), Horizontal transmission of the polar electric field, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 41, 927.
48. Kokubun, S., R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell (1977), Triggering of substorms by solar wind discontinuities, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 74–86.
49. Kozyra, J. U., et al. (2006), Response of the upper/middle atmosphere to coronal holes and powerful high-speed solar wind streams in 2003, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 319–340, AGU, Washington, D. C.
50. Krieger, A. S., A. F. Timothy, and E. C. Roelof (1973), A coronal hole and its identification as the source of a high velocity solar wind stream, Sol. Phys., 23, 123.
51. Lepping, R. P., T. W. Narock, and H. Chen (2007), Unique Vector Features of the Magnetic Fields of Interplanetary Magnetic Clouds as Cylindrically Symmetric Force-Free Flux Ropes, Goddard Space Flight Center internal doc., Greenbelt, Md.
52. Li, X. (2006), The role of radial transport in accelerating radiation belt electrons, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 139–150, AGU, Washington, D. C.
53. Li, X., and M. A. Temerin (2001), The electron radiation belt, Space Sci. Rev., 95, 569.
54. Liu, Y., J. D. Richardson, J. W. Belcher, C. Wang, Q. Hu, and J. C. Kasper (2006), Constraints on the global structure of magnetic clouds: Transverse size and curvature, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A12S03, doi:10.1029/2006JA011890.
55. Lorentzen, K. R., J. E. Mazur, M. D. Looper, J. F. Fennell, and J. B. Blake (2002), Multisatellite observations of MeV ion injections during storms, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A9), 1231, doi:10.1029/2001JA000276.
56. Mannucci, A. J., B. T. Tsurutani, B. A. Iijima, A. Komjathy, A. Saito, W. D. Gonzalez, F. L. Guarnieri, J. U. Kozyra, and R. Skoug (2005), Dayside global ionospheric response to the major interplanetary events of October 29–30, 2003 “Halloween Storms”, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12S02, doi:10.1029/2004GL021467.
57. Maruyama, T., G. Ma, and M. Nakamura (2004), Signature of TEC storm on 6 November 2001 derived from dense GPS receiver network and ionosonde chain over Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A10302, doi:10.1029/2004JA010451.
58. Mazur, J. E., J. B. Blake, P. L. Slocum, M. K. Hudson, and G. M. Mason (2006), The creation of new ion radiation belts associated with solar energetic particle events and interplanetary shocks, in Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 165, edited by N. Gopalswamy, R. Mewaldt, and J. Torsti, pp. 345–352, AGU, Washington, D. C.
59. McComas, D. J., H. A. Elliot, J. T. Gosling, D. B. Reisenfeld, R. M. Skoug, B. E. Goldstein, M. Neugebauer, and A. Balogh (2002), Ulysses second fast-latitude scan: Complexity near solar maximum and the reformation of polar coronal holes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1290, doi:10.1029/2001GL014164.
60. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Horne, and R. R. Anderson (2001), Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes: Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 13,165–13,178.
61. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Horne, R. M. Thorne, and R. R. Anderson (2003), Favored regions for chorus-driven electron acceleration to relativistic energies in the Earth’s outer radiation belt, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(16), 1871, doi:10.1029/2003GL017698.
62. Mitra, A. P. (1974), Ionospheric Effects of Solar Flares, 294 pp., Springer, New York.
63. Mullen, E. G., M. S. Gussenhoven, K. Ray, and M. Vilet (1991), A double peaked inner radiation belt: Cause and effect as seen on CRRES, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 38, 1713, doi:10.1109/23.124167.
64. Namba, S., and K.-I. Maeda (1939), Radio Wave Propagation, 86 pp., Corona, Tokyo.
65. Neupert, W. M., and V. Pizzo (1974), Solar coronal holes as sources of recurrent geomagnetic disturbances, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 3701–3709.
66. Nishida, A. (1968), Coherence of geomagnetic DP 2 fluctuations with interplanetary magnetic variations, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 5549–5559.
67. Obayashi, T. (1967), The interaction of solar plasma with geomagnetic field, disturbed condition, in Solar Terrestrial Physics, vol. 107, edited by J. W. King and W. S. Newman, Academic Press, London.
68. O’Brien, T. P., R. L. McPherron, D. Sornette, G. D. Reeves, R. Friedel, and H. J. Singer (2001), Which magnetic storms produce relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit?, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15,533–15,544.
69. Onwumechili, A., K. Kawasaki, and S.-I. Akasofu (1973), Relationships between the equatorial electrojet and polar magnetic variations, Planet. Space Sci., 21, 1.
70. Paulikas, G. A., and J. B. Blake (1979), Effects of the solar wind on magnetospheric dynamics: Energetic electrons at the synchronous orbit, in Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 21, edited by W. Olsen, pp. 180–202, AGU, Washington, D. C.
71. Pizzo, V. J. (1985), Interplanetary shocks on the large scale: A retrospective on the last decade’s theoretical efforts, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 35, edited by B. T. Tsurutani and R. G. Stone, pp. 51–68, AGU, Washington, D. C.
72. Proelss, G. W. (1995), Ionospheric F region storms, in Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, vol. 2, edited by H. Volland, p. 195, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
73. Proelss, G. W. (1997), Magnetic storm associated perturbations of the upper atmosphere, in Magnetic Storms, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 98, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 227–241, AGU, Washington, D. C.
74. Reames, V. D. (1999), Particle acceleration at the Sun and in the heliosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 90, 413.
75. Richardson, I. G. (2006), The formation of CIRs at stream-stream interfaces and resultant geomagnetic activity, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 45–58, AGU, Washington, D. C.
76. Richmond, A. D., and G. Lu (2000), Upper-atmospheric effects of magnetic storms: A brief tutorial, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62, 1115.
77. Riley, P., and N. U. Crooker (2004), Kinematic treatment of CME evolution in the solar wind, Astrophys. J., 600, 1035.
78. Sahai, Y., et al. (2005), Effects of the major geomagnetic storms of October 2003 on the equatorial and low-latitude F region in two longitudinal sectors, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12S91, doi:10.1029/2004JA010999.
79. Sanderson, T. R., R. Reinhard, P. van Nes, K.-P. Wenzel, E. J. Smith, and B. T. Tsurutani (1985), Observation of 35- to 1600- keV protons and low-frequency waves up stream of interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3973–3980.
80. Scherliess, L., and B. G. Fejer (1997), Storm time dependence of equatorial disturbance dynamo zonal electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 24,037–24,046.
81. Schieldge, J. P., and G. L. Siscoe (1970), A correlation of the occurrence of simultaneous sudden magnetospheric compressions and geomagnetic bay onsets with selected geophysical indices, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 32, 1819.
82. Schwabe, H. (1843), Solar observations during 1843, Astron. Nachr., 20, 495.
83. Schwenn, R. (2006), Space weather: The solar perspective, Living Rev. Sol. Phys., 3, 1–76.
84. Smith, E. J., and J. H. Wolfe (1976), Observations of interaction regions and corotating shocks between one and five Au: Pioneers 10 and 11, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 137–140.
85. Smith, E. J., B. T. Tsurutani, and R. L. Rosenberg (1978), Observations of the interplanetary sector structure up to heliographic latitudes of 16°: Pioneer 11, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 717–724.
86. Soraas, F., K. Aarsnes, K. Oksavik, M. I. Sandanger, D. S. Evans, and M. S. Greer (2004), Evidence for particle injection as the cause of Dst reduction during HILDCAA events, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 177.
87. Søraas, F., K. Aarsnes, D. V. Carlsen, K. Oksavik, and D. S. Evans (2005), Ring current behavior as revealed by energetic proton precipitation, in The Inner Magnetosphere: Physics and Modeling, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 155, edited by T. I. Pulkkinen, N. A. Tsyganenko, and R. H. W. Friedel, pp. 237–247, AGU, Washington, D. C.
88. Southwood, D. J. (1977), The role of hot plasma in magnetospheric convection, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 5512–5520.
89. Southwood, D. J., and R. A. Wolf (1978), An assessment of the role of precipitation in magnetospheric convection, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5227–5232.
90. St. Cyr, et al. (2000), Properties of coronal mass ejections: SOHO LASCO observations from January 1996 to June 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18,169–18,185.
91. Stone, E. C., A. M. Frandsen, R. A. Mewaldt, E. R. Christian, D. Margolies, J. F. Ormes, and F. Snow (1998), The advance composition explorer, Space Sci. Rev., 86, 1.
92. Sturrock, P. A. (Ed.) (1980), Solar Flares: A Monograph From Skylab Solar Workshop II, Colo. Associated Univ. Press, Boulder, Colo.
93. Svetska, Z. (1976), Solar Flares, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
94. Tang, F., B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, S. I. Akasofu, and E. J. Smith (1989), Solar sources of interplanetary southward Bz events responsible for major magnetic storms (1978–1979), J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3535–3541.
95. Thome, G. D., and L. S. Wagner (1971), Electron density enhancements in the E and F regions of the ionosphere during solar flares, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6883–6895.
96. Thomson, N. R., C. J. Rodger, and R. L. Dowden (2004), Ionosphere gives the size of greatest solar flare, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06803, doi:10.1029/2003GL019345.
97. Thorne, R. M. (1980), The importance of energetic particle precipitation on the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 118, 128.
98. Torr, M. R., et al. (1995), A far ultraviolet imaging for the International Solar Terrestrial Physics mission, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 329.
99. Trakhtengerts, V. Y., M. J. Rycroft, D. Nunn, and A. G. Demekhov (2003), Cyclotron acceleration of radiation belt electrons by whistlers, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A3), 1138, doi:10.1029/ 2002JA009559.
100. Tsurutani, B. T., and W. D. Gonzalez (1987), The cause of high intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAAs): Interplanetary Alfvén wave trains, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 405.
101. Tsurutani, B. T., and W. D. Gonzalez (1995), The efficiency of “viscous interaction” between the solar wind and the magnetosphere during intense northward IMF events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 663–666.
102. Tsurutani B. T., and W. D. Gonzalez (1997), The interplanetary causes of magnetic storms: A review, in Magnetic Storms, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 98, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 77–89, AGU, Washington, D. C.
103. Tsurutani, B. T., and R. P. Lin (1985), Acceleration of >47 keV ions and >2 keV electrons by interplanetary shocks at l AU, J. Geophys. Res., 90, l–11.
104. Tsurutani, B. T., and E. J. Smith (1974), Postmidnight chorus: A substorm phenomenon, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 118–127.
105. Tsurutani, B. T., and E. J. Smith (1977), Two types of magnetospheric ELF chorus and their substorm dependences, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 5112–5128.
106. Tsurutani, B. T., and X. Y. Zhou (2003), Interplanetary shock triggering of substorms: WIND and POLAR, Adv. Space Res., 31, 1063.
107. Tsurutani, B. T., E. J. Smith, K. R. Pyle, and J. A. Simpson (1982), Energetic protons accelerated at corotating shocks: Pioneer l0 and 11 observations from l to 6 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 7389–7404.
108. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, F. Tang, S. I. Akasofu, and E. J. Smith (1988), Origin of interplanetary southward magnetic fields responsible for major magnetic storms near solar maximum (1978–1979), J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8519–8531.
109. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, F. Tang, and Y. T. Lee (1992), Great magnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 73–76.
110. Tsurutani, B. T., C. M. Ho, E. J. Smith, M. Neugebauer, B. E. Goldstein, J. S. Mok, J. K. Arballo, A. Balogh, D. J. Southwood, and W. C. Feldman (1994), The relationship between interplanetary discontinuities and Alfvén waves: Ulysses observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2267–2270.
111. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, A. L. C. Gonzalez, F. Tang, J. K. Arballo, and M. Okada (1995), Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic activity in the declining phase of the solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21,717–21,733.
112. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, Y. Kamide, and J. K. Arballo (1997), Preface, in Magnetic Storms, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 98, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 9–10, AGU, Washington, D. C.
113. Tsurutani, B. T., X. Y. Zhou, V. M. Vasyliunas, G. Haerendel, J. K. Arballo, and G. S. Lakhina (2001), Interplanetary shocks, magnetopause boundary layers and dayside auroras: The importance of a very small magnetospheric region, Surv. Geophys., 22, 101.
114. Tsurutani, B., S. T. Wu, T. X. Zhang, and M. Dryer (2003), Coronal mass ejection (CME)-induced shock formation, propagation and some temporally and spatially developing shock parameters relevant to particle energization, Astron. Astrophys., 412, 293, doi:10.1051/0004-6361.
115. Tsurutani, B. T., et al. (2004), Global dayside ionospheric uplift and enhancement associated with interplanetary electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A08302, doi:10.1029/2003JA010342.
116. Tsurutani, B. T., et al. (2005), The October 28, 2003 extreme EUV solar flare and resultant extreme ionospheric effects: Comparison to other Halloween events and the Bastille Day event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03S09, doi:10.1029/2004GL021475.
117. Tsurutani, B. T., et al. (2006a), Corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S01, doi:10.1029/2005JA011273.
118. Tsurutani, B. T., R. L. McPherron, W. D. Gonzalez, G. Lu, N. Gopalswamy, and F. L. Guarnieri (2006b), Magnetic storms caused by corotating solar wind streams, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 1–18, AGU, Washington, D. C.
119. Tsurutani, B. T., et al. (2006c), The dayside ionospheric superfountain (DIS), plasma transport and other consequences, in Solar Influence on the Heliosphere and Earth’s Environment: Recent Progress and Prospects, Proc. ILWS Workshop, Goa, India, February 19–24, edited by N. Gopalswamy, and A. Bhattacharyya, p. 384, Quest Pub.
120. Tsurutani, B. T., O. P. Verkhoglyadova, A. J. Mannucci, T. Araki, A. Sato, T. Tsuda, and, K. Yumoto (2007), Oxygen ion uplift and satellite drag effects during the October 30, 2003 daytime superfountain event, Ann. Geophys., 25, 569.
121. Tsurutani, B. T., E. Echer, F. L. Guarnieri, and J. U. Kozyra (2008), CAWSES Novermber 7–8, 2004, superstorm: Complex solar and interplanetary features in the post-solar maximum phase, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06S05, doi:10.1029/2007GL031473.
122. Turner, N. E., E. J. Mitchell, D. J. Knipp, and B. A. Emery (2006), Energetics of magnetic storms driven by corotating interaction regions: A study of geoeffectiveness, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 113–124, AGU, Washington, D. C.
123. Verkhoglyadova, O. P., B. T. Tsurutani, and A. J. Mannucci (2006), Temporal development of dayside TEC variations during the October 30, 2003 superstorm: Matching modeling to observations, in Advances in Geosciences, vol. 8, edited by M. Duldig et al., p. 69, World Sci. Publ.
124. Verkhoglyadova, O. P., B. T. Tsurutani, A. J. Mannucci, A. Saito, T. Araki, D. Anderson, M. Abdu, and J. H. A. Sobral (2008), Simulation of PPEF effects in dayside low-latitude ionosphere for the October 30, 2003 superstorm, this volume.
125. Webb, D. F., and R. A. Howard (1994), The solar cycle variation of coronal mass ejections and the solar wind mass flux, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A3), 4201–4220.
126. Winterhalter, D., E. J. Smith, M. E. Burton, N. Murphy, and D. J. McComas (1994), The heliospheric plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6667–6680.
127. Wu, C. S. (1996), Production of solar energetic ions associated with flares, Astrophys. J., 472, 818.
128. Zhou, X., and B. T. Tsurutani (1999), Rapid intensification and propagation of the dayside aurora: Large scale interplanetary pressure pulses (fast shocks), Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1097–1100.
129. Zhou, X., and B. T. Tsurutani (2001), Interplanetary shock triggering of nightside geomagnetic activity: Substorms, pseudobreakups, and quiescent events, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,957–18,967.
130. Zhou, X.-Y., and B. T. Tsurutani (2004), Dawn and dusk auroras caused by gradual, intense solar wind ram pressure (GISWRP) events, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 153.
131. Zhou, X.-Y., R. J. Strangeway, P. C. Anderson, D. G. Sibeck, B. T. Tsurutani, G. Haerendel, H. U. Frey, and J. K. Arballo (2003a), Shock aurora: FAST and DMSP observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A4), 8019, doi:10.1029/2002JA009701.
132. Zhou, X.-Y., H. U. Frey, J. F. Waterman, B. T. Tsurutani, S. B. Mende, and J. K. Arballo (2003b), Dawn/dusk auroras and geomagnetic fluctuations: Ionospheric effects of intense solar wind ram pressure, in Earth’s Low-Latitude Boundary Layer, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 133, edited by P. Newell and T. Onsager, pp. 361–370, AGU, Washington, D.C.