Magnetic clouds and the quiet-storm effect at earth

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 98, Issue , 1996, Pages 91-106

  Farrugia, C J ^a   Burlaga, L F ^b   Lepping, R P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85040253160     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/GM098p0091     Document Type: Chapter

References (80)

1. Baker, D. N., S.-I. Akasofu, W. Baumjohann, et al., Substorms in the magnetosphere, in Solar Terrestrial Physics: Present and Future, NASA Ref. Publ. 1120, edited by D. M. Butler and K. Papadopoulos, p.8-11, NASA, Washington, D. C., 1984.
2. Bargatze, L. F., D. N. Baker, R. L. McPherron, and E. W. Hones, Magnetospheric impulse response for many levels of geomagnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6387, 1985.
3. Borovsky, J. E., R. J. Nemzek, and R. D. Belian, The occurrence rate of magnetospheric substorm onsets: Random and periodic substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 3807, 1993.
4. Burlaga, L. F., Interplanetary Magnetohydrodynamics, Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
5. Burlaga, L. F., Magnetic Clouds, Chapter 5 in Physics of the Inner Heliosphere, Vol 2, edited by R. Schwenn and E. Marsch, p.1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1991.
6. Burlaga, L. F., Magnetic clouds: Constant alpha force-free configurations, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7217, 1988.
7. Burlaga, L. F., R. Lepping, and J. Jones, Global configuration of a magnetic cloud, in Physics of Flux Ropes, edited by C. T. Russell, E. R. Priest, and L. C. Lee, p. 373, AGU Geophysical Monograph 58, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C., 1990.
8. Burlaga, L. F., K. W. Behannon, and L. W. Klein, Compound streams, magnetic clouds and major geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5725, 1987.
9. Burlaga, L. F., E. Sittler, F. Mariani, and R. Schwenn, Magnetic loop behind an interplanetary shock: Voyager, Helios and IMP 8 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6673, 1981.
10. Burlaga, L. F., R. Lepping, R. Weber, et al., Interplanetary particles and fields, November 22 to December 6, 1977: Helios, Voyager and IMP observations between 0.6 AU and 1.6 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 85,2227, 1980.
11. Chen, J., Dynamics, catastrophe and magnetic energy release of toroidal solar current loops, in Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 58, edited by C. T. Russell, E. R. Priest, and L. C. Lee, p. 269, AGU Washington, D.C., 1990.
12. Chen, J., Effects of toroidal forces in current loops embedded in a background plasma, Astrophys. J., 338, 453, 1989.
13. Chen, J., and D. A. Garren, Interplanetary magnetic clouds: Topology and driving mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2319, 1993.
14. Chen, J., S. Slinker, J. A. Fedder, and J. G. Lyon, Simulation of geomagnetic storms during the passage of magnetic clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1749, 1995.
15. Detman, T. R., M. Dryer, T. Yeh, S.M. Han, S. T. Wu, and D. J. McComas, A time-dependent, three-dimensional MHD numerical study of interplanetary magnetic field draping around plasmoids in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9531, 1991.
16. Dungey, J. W., Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones, Phys. Rev. Lett., 6, 47, 1961.
17. Erkaev N. V., Results of the investigation of MHD flow around the magnetosphere, Geomagn. Aeron. 28, 455, 1988.
18. Erkaev N. V., C. J. Farrugia, L. F. Burlaga, et al., Ideal MHD flow behind interplanetary shocks driven by magnetic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,919, 1995.
19. Fainberg, J., V. A. Osherovich, R. G. Stone, et al., Ulysses observations of electron and proton components in a magnetic cloud and related wave activity, in: Solar Wind Eight, AlP Conference Proceedings 382, edited by D. Winterhalter, J. Gosling, S. R. Habbal, W. S. Kurth, M. Neugebauer, p. 554, 1995.
20. Farrugia, C. J., N. V. Erkaev H. K. Biernat, and L. F. Burlaga, Dependence of magnetosheath properties on solar wind Alfven Mach number and magnetic shear across the magnetopause, in Proceedings of the International Workshop The Solar Wind-Magnetosphere System 2, ed. by S. Bauer, H. K. Biernat, F. Ladreiter, and C. J. Farrugia, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, in press, 1996.
21. Farrugia, C.J., L.F. Burlaga, V.A. Osherovich, and R.P. Lepping, The magnetic flux rope versus the spheromak as models for interplanetary magnetic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,293, 1995a.
22. Farrugia, C. J., N. V. Erkaev H. K. Biernat, and L. F. Burlaga, Anomalous magnetosheath properties during Earth passage of an interplanetary magnetic cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,245, 1995b.
23. Farrugia, C. J., and L. F. Burlaga, A fast-moving magnetic cloud and features of its interaction with the dayside magnetosheath, in: The Solar Wind-Magnetosphere System, edited by H. K. Biernat, G. A. Bachmaier, S. Bauer, and R. P. Rijnbeek, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna, p. 33, 1994.
24. Farrugia, C.J., R.J. Fitzenreiter, L.F. Burlaga, et al., Observations in the sheath region ahead of magnetic clouds and in the dayside magnetosheath during cloud passage, Adv. Space Res., Vol 14, (7)105, 1994.
25. Farrugia, C. J., L. F. Burlaga, V. Osherovich, I. G. Richardson, et al., A study of an expanding interplanetary magnetic cloud and its interaction with the the Earth’s magnetosphere: The interplanetary aspect, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7621, 1993a.
26. Farrugia, C.J., I.G. Richardson, L.F. Burlaga, et al., Simultaneous observations of Solar MeV particles in a magnetic cloud and in the Earth’s northern tail lobe: Implications for the global field line topology of magnetic clouds and entry of solar particles into tail lobe during cloud passage, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15,497, 1993b.
27. Farrugia, C. J., V. A. Osherovich, and L. F. Burlaga, Elements of the magnetohydrodynamics of interplanetary magnetic clouds, in Current Topics in Astrophysical and Fusion Plasma Research, edited by M. F. Heyn, W. Kernbichler, and H. K. Biernat, dbv-Verlag, p.254, Technical University of Graz press, 1993c.
28. Farrugia, C. J., M. P. Freeman, L. F. Burlaga, et al., The Earth’s magnetosphere under continued forcing: Substorm activity during the passage of an interplanetary magnetic cloud, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7657, 1993d.
29. Farrugia, C.J., L.F. Burlaga, V.A. Osherovich, and R.P. Lepping, A comparative study of dynamically expanding force-free, constant-alpha magnetic configurations with applications t o magnetic clouds, in Solar Wind Seven, eds. E. Marsch and R. Schwenn, Pergamon Press, p.611, 1992.
30. Farrugia, C. J., R. C. Elphic, D. J. Southwood, and S. W. H. Cowley, Field and flow perturbations outside the reconnected field line region in flux transfer events: theory, Planet. Space. Sci.,, 35, 227, 1987.
31. Fedder, J. A., S. P. Slinker, J. G. Lyon, and R. D. Elphinstone, Global numerical simulations of the growth phase and expansion onset of a substorm observed by Viking,. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,083, 1995.
32. Freeman, M.P., and C. J. Farrugia, A statistical study of the possible effects of solar wind variability on the recurrence rate of substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23,607, 1995.
33. Freeman, M. P., C. J. Farrugia, L. F. Burlaga, et al., The interaction of a magnetic cloud with Earth: Ionospheric convection in the northern and southern hemispheres for a wide range of quasi-steady interplanetary magnetic field conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7633, 1993.
34. Freeman, M.P., C.J. Farrugia, S.W.H. Cowley, The response of dayside ionospheric convection to the Y-component of the magnetosheath magnetic field:a case study, Planet. Space. Sci., 38, 13, 1990.
35. Goldstein, H., On the field configuration in magnetic clouds, in Solar Wind Five, edited by M. Neugebauer, p. 731, NASA Conf. Publ. 2280, Washington, D. C., 1983.
36. Gonzalez, W. D., and B. T. Tsurutani, Criteria of interplanetary parameters causing intense magnetic storms (Dst < -100 nT), Planet. Planet. Space. Sci., 35, 1101, 1987.
37. Gosling, J. T., Coronal Mass ejections and magnetic flux ropes in interplanetary space, in Physics of Magnetic Flux Ropes, edited by C. T. Russell, E. R. Priest and L. C. Lee, p. 344, AGU Geophysical Monograph 58, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1990.
38. Gosling, J. T., S. J. Bame, D. J. McComas, et al., A forward-reverse shock pair in the solar wind driven by over-expansion of a coronal mass ejection: Ulysses observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 237, 1994.
39. Gosling, J. T., D. J. McComas, J. L. Phillips, and S. J. Bame, Geomagnetic activity associated with Earth pas sage of interplanetary shock disturbances and coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7831, 1991.
40. Gosling, J. T., S. J. Bame, D. J. McComas, and J. L. Phillips, Coronal mass ejections and large geomagnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 901, 1990.
41. Gosling, J. T., and D. J. McComas, Field line draping about fast coronal mass ejecta: A source of strong out-of-ecliptic interplanetary magnetic fields, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 355, 1987.
42. Gosling, J. T., D. N. Baker, S. J. Bame et al., Bidirectional solar wind electron heat flux events, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8519, 1987.
43. Gosling, J. T., V. Pizzo, and S. J. Bame, Anomously low proton temperatures in the solar wind following interplanetary shock waves: Evidence for magnetic bottles, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 2001, 1973.
44. Hewish, A., and P. J. Duffet-Smith, A new method of forecasting geomagnetic activity and proton showers, Planet. Space. Sci., 35, 487, 1987.
45. Kahler, S. W., and D. V. Reaves, Probing magnetic topologies of magnetic clouds by means of solar energetic particles, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9419, 1991.
46. Klein, L. W., and L. F. Burlaga, Interplanetary magnetic clouds at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 613, 1982.
47. Klimas, A. J., D. N. Baker, D. Vasiliadis, and D. A. Roberts, Substorm recurrence during steady and variable solar wind driving: Evidence for a normal mode in the unloading dynamics of the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,855, 1994.
48. Knipp, D. J., B. A. Emery, A. D. Richmond, et al., Ionospheric Convection response to slow, strong variations in a northward interplanetary magnetic field: A case study for January 14, 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 19,273, 1993.
49. Kumar, A., and R. M. Rust, Interplanetary magnetic clouds, helicity conservation, and current-core flux ropes, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,667, 1996.
50. Lees, L., Interaction between the solar wind plasma and the geomagnetic cavity, AIAA. J., 2, 1576, 1964.
51. Lepping, R. P., L. F. Burlaga, B. T. Tsurutani, et al., The interaction of a very large interplanetary magnetic cloud with the magnetosphere and with cosmic rays, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9425, 1997.
52. Lepping, R. P., J. A. Jones, and L. F. Burlaga, Magnetic field structure of interplanetary magnetic clouds at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 95,11,957, 1990.
53. Lundquist, S., Magnetohydrostatic fields, Ark. Fys., 2, 361, 1950.
54. Maezawa, K., Magnetospheric convection induced by the positive and negative Z components of the interplanetary magnetic field: Quantitative analysis using polar cap magnetic records, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2289, 1976.
55. Marsden, R. G., T. R. Sanderson, C. Tranquille, and K.-P. Wenzel, ISEE-3 observations of low energy proton bidirectional events and their relation to isolated interplanetary magnetic structures, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 11,009, 1987.
56. McComas, D. J., J. T. Gosling, S. J. Bame, et al., A test of magnetic field draping induced Bz perturbations ahead of fast coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1465, 1989.
57. Midgley, J. E., and L. Davis, Calculation by a moment technique of the perturbation of the geomagnetic field by the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 5111, 1963.
58. Osherovich, V.A., C.J. Farrugia, and L.F. Burlaga, The nonlinear evolution of magnetic flux ropes: 2. Finite beta plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12307, 1995.
59. Osherovich, V.A., C.J. Farrugia, and L.F. Burlaga, Dynamics of aging magnetic clouds, Adv. Space Res., 13, (6), 57, 1993a.
60. Osherovich, V.A., C.J. Farrugia, and L.F. Burlaga, The nonlinear evolution of magnetic flux ropes: 1. The low beta limit, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13,225, 1993b.
61. Osherovich, V.A., C.J. Farrugia, L.F. Burlaga, et al., Polytropic relationship for magnetic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15,331, 1993c.
62. Perreault, P., and S.-I. Akasofu, A study of geomagnetic storms, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 54, 547, 1978.
63. Phan, T. -D., G. Paschmann, W. Baumjohann, and N. Sckopke, The magnetosheath region adjacent to the dayside magnetopause: AMPTE/IRM observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99,121, 1994.
64. Richardson, I. G., and H. V. Cane, Regions of abnormally low proton temperature in the solar wind (1965-1991), and their association with ejecta, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 397, 1995.
65. Richardson, I. G., and D. V. Reames, Bidirectional-1MeV/amu ion intervals in 1973-1991 observed by the Goddard Space Flight Center instruments on IMP 8 and ISEE 3/ICE, Astrophys. J. (Supp.), 85, 411, 1993.
66. Scudder, J. D., On the causes of temperature change in inhomogeneous low-density astrophysical plasmas, Astrophys. J., 398, 299, 1992.
67. Sonnerup, B. U. O., The reconnecting magnetopause, in: Magnetospheric Physics, edited by B. M. McCormac, p.23, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1974.
68. Tsurutani, B. T., and W. D. Gonzalez, The interplanetary causes of magnetic storms: A review, submitted to Magnetic Storms, edited by B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, and Y. Kamide, AGU Monograph, Washington, D. C., 1996.
69. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, F. Tang, andY. T. Lee, Great magnetic storms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 73, 1992.
70. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, F. Tang et al., Origin of interplanetary southward magnetic fields responsible for major magnetic storms near solar maximum (1978-1979), J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8519, 1988a.
71. Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, and F. Tang, Comment on “A new methoj of forecasting geomagnetic activity and proton showers” by A. Hewish and P. J. Duffet-Smith, Planet. Space. Sci., 2, 205, 1988b.
72. Vandas, M., S. Fischer, M. Dryer, et al., Simulation of magnetic cloud propagation in the inner heliosphere in two dimensions, 2, A loop parallel to the ecliptic plane and the role of helicity, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2505, 1996a.
73. Vandas, M., S. Fischer, M. Dryer, Z. Smith, and T. Detman, Parameteric study of loop-like magnetic cloud propagation, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,645, 1996b.
74. Vandas, M., S. Fischer, M. Dryer, et al., Simulation of magnetic cloud propagation in the inner heliosphere in two dimensions, 1, A loop perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12,285, 1995.
75. Walthour, D. W., B. U. O. Sonnerup, G. Paschmann, et al., Remote sensing of two-dimensional magnetopause structures, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1489, 1993.
76. Wilson, R. M., Geomagnetic response to magnetic clouds, Planet. Space. Sci., 35, 329, 1987.
77. Wilson, R. M., On the behavior of the Dst geomagnetic index in the vicinity of magnetic cloud passage at Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 215, 1990.
78. Zhang, G., and L. F. Burlaga, Magnetic clouds, geomagnetic disturbances, and cosmic ray decreases, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2511, 1988.
79. Zwan, B. J., and R. A. Wolf, Depletion of solar wind near a planetary boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1636, 1976.
80. Zwickl, R. D., J. R. Asbridge, S. J. Bame, W. C. Feldman, J. T. Gosling, and E. J. Smith, Plasma properties of driver gas following interplanetary shocks observed by ISEE 3, Solar Wind Five, NASA Conf. Publ., CP-2280, 711, 1983.