Boundedness of turbulent temperature probability distributions, and their relation to the vertical profile in the convective boundary layer

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 134, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 459-486

  Graf, Alexander ^a   Schüttemeyer, Dirk ^b   Geiß, Heiner ^a   Knaps, Axel ^a   Möllmann Coers, Michael ^a   Schween, Jan H ^c   Kollet, Stefan ^b   Neininger, Bruno ^d   Herbst, Michael ^a   Vereecken, Harry ^a  

^a FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^d MetAir AG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Eddy covariance; Higher order moments; Kurtosis; Probability density function; Skewness; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

BETA DISTRIBUTIONS; BOUNDEDNESS; BULK RICHARDSON NUMBER; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYERS; DATA SETS; EDDY-COVARIANCE; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; GAUSSIANS; HIGHER ORDER; HIGHER ORDER MOMENTS; LOCAL EFFECTS; MIXING RATIOS; NATURAL BOUNDARY; NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES; NONLOCAL; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; TURBULENCE STATISTICS; TURBULENT FLUCTUATION; VERTICAL BOUNDARIES; VERTICAL PROFILE; WATER VAPOUR;

ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; BOUNDARY LAYERS; LASERS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; TURBULENCE;

PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION;

AIR TEMPERATURE; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; DATA SET; EDDY COVARIANCE; MIXING RATIO; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; RICHARDSON NUMBER; SKEWNESS; TURBULENCE; VERTICAL PROFILE; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 76649130180     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-009-9444-9     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Alberghi S, Maurizi A, Tampieri F (2002) Relationship between the vertical velocity skewness and kurtosis observed during sea-breeze convection. J Appl Meteorol 41: 885-889.
2. Andreas EA, Hill RJ, Gosz JR, Moore DI, Otto WD, Sarma AD (1998) Statistics of surface-layer turbulence over terrain with metre-scale heterogeneity. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 86: 379-408.
3. Bogena H, Schulz K, Vereecken H (2006) Towards a network of observatories in terrestrial environmental research. Adv Geosci 9: 1-6.
4. Castellvi F, Snyder RL, Baldocchi DD (2008) Surface energy-balance closure over rangeland grass using the eddy covariance method and surface renewal analysis. Agric For Meteorol 148: 1147-1160.
5. Chatwin PC, Lewis DM, Sullivan PJ (1995) Turbulent dispersion and the beta distribution. Environmetrics 6: 395-402.
6. Chu CR, Parlange MB, Katul GG, Albertson JD (1996) Probability density functions of turbulent velocity and temperature in the atmospheric surface layer. Water Resour Res 32: 1681-1688.
7. de Arellano JVG, Gioli B, Miglietta F, Jonker HJJ, Baltink HK, Hutjes RW, Holtslag AAM (2004) Entrainment process of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric boundary layer. J Geophys Res 109: D18110.
8. Detto M, Katul GG (2007) Simplified expressions for adjusting higher-order turbulent statistics obtained from open path gas analyzers. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 122: 205-216.
9. Effelsberg E, Peters N (1983) A composite model for the conserved scalar PDF. Combust Flame 50: 351-360.
10. Ek M, Mahrt L (1994) Daytime evolution of relative humidity at the boundary layer top. Mon Weather Rev 122: 2709-2721.
11. Gryanik V, Hartmann J (2002) A turbulence closure for the convective boundary layer based on a two-scale mass-flux approach. J Atmos Sci 59: 2729-2744.
12. Johnson NL, Kotz S, Balakrishnan N (1995) Continuous univariate distributions vol 2, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 719.
13. Katul G, Goltz SM, Hsieh CI, Cheng Y, Mowry F, Sigmon J (1995) Estimation of surface heat and momentum fluxes using the flux-variance method above uniform and non-uniform terrain. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 74: 237-260.
14. Kendall MG, Stuart A (1958) The advanced theory of statistics: Vol. 1, distribution theory. Griffin, London, pp 431.
15. 2. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 124: 129-141.
16. Lewis DM, Chatwin PC, Mole N (1997) Investigation of the collapse of the skewness and kurtosis exhibited in atmospheric dispersion data. Nuovo Cimento C 20: 385-398.
17. Liebethal C, Foken T (2003) On the significance of the Webb correction to fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 109: 99-106.
18. Mahrt L (1989) Intermittency of atmospheric turbulence. J Atmos Sci 46: 79-95.
19. Mahrt L (1991) Boundary-layer moisture regimes. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 117: 151-176.
20. Mauder M, Foken T, Clement R, Elbers JA, Eugster W, Grünwald T, Heusinkveld B, Kolle O (2008) Quality control of CarboEurope flux data-Part 2: inter-comparison of eddy-covariance software. Biogeosciences 5: 451-462.
21. Maurizi A (2006) On the dependence of third- and fourth-order moments on stability in the turbulent boundary layer. Nonlinear Proc Geophys 13: 119-123.
22. Moene AF, Michels BI (2002) Estimation of the statistical error in large eddy simulation results. 15-19 July 2002, Wageningen. American Meteorological Society, Boston, p 3. 12.
23. Moene AF, Schüttemeyer D, Hartogensis OK (2006a) Scalar similarity functions: the influence of surface heterogeneity and entrainment. 22-25 May 2006, San Diego. American Meteorological Society, Boston, p 5. 1.
24. Moene AF, Michels BI, Holtslag AAM (2006b) Scaling variances of scalars in a convective boundary layer under different entrainment regimes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 120: 257-274.
25. Moene AF, Schüttemeyer D (2008) The effect of surface heterogeneity on the temperature-humidity correlation and the relative transport efficiency. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 129: 99-113.
26. Moeng CH, Wyngaard JC (1984) Statistics of conservative scalars in the convective boundary layer. J Atmos Sci 41: 3161-3169.
27. Moore CJ (1986) Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 37: 17-35.
28. Munro RJ, Chatwin PC, Mole N (2003) A concentration pdf for the relative dispersion of a contaminant plume in the atmosphere. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 106: 411-436.
29. Polster G, Geiß H, Heinemann K (1986) Der meteorologische Turm der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich Nr. 2095, ISSN 0366-0885, 31 pp.
30. Price J (2001) A study of probability distributions of boundary-layer humidity and associated errors in parametrized cloud-fraction. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 127: 739-758.
31. Ramos FM, Bolzan MJA, Sa LDA, Rosa RR (2004) Atmospheric turbulence within and above an Amazon forest. Phys D 193: 278-291.
32. Reitebuch O, Strassburger A, Emeis S, Kuttler W (2000) Nocturnal secondary ozone concentration maxima analysed by sodar observations and surface measurements. Atmos Environ 34: 4315-4329.
33. Santanello JA, Friedl MA, Ek MB (2007) Convective boundary layer interactions with the land surface at diurnal time scales: diagnostics and feedbacks. J Hydrometeorol 8: 1082-1097.
34. Scanlon TM, Sahu P (2008) On the correlation structure of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmospheric surface layer: A basis for flux partitioning. Water Resour Res 44: W10418. doi: 10. 1029/2008WR006932.
35. 2 and CO measurements in a quasi-Lagrangian experiment. J Geophys Res 109: D14. doi: 10. 1029/2003JD004335.
36. Schopflocher TP, Smith CJ, Sullivan PJ (2007) Scalar concentration reduction in a contaminant cloud. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 122: 683-700.
37. Schotanus P, Nieuwstadt FTM, de Bruin HAR (1983) Temperature-measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 26: 81-93.
38. Stull RB (1993) Review of non-local mixing in turbulent atmospheres: transilient turbulence theory. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 62: 21-96.
39. Sun XM, Zhu ZL, Wen XF, Yuan GF, Yu GR (2006) The impact of averaging period on eddy fluxes observed at ChinaFlux sites. Agric For Meteorol 137: 188-193.
40. Taylor JR (1982) An introduction to error analysis. University Science Books, Mill Valley, pp 270.
41. Tillman JE (1972) The indirect determination of stability, heat and momentum fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer from simple scalar variables during dry unstable conditions. J Appl Meteorol 11: 783-792.
42. Thomas C, Martin JG, Goeckede M, Siqueira MB, Foken T, Law BE, Loescher HW, Katul G (2008) Estimating subcanopy respiration from conditional sampling methods applied to multi-scalar high frequency time series. Agric For Meteorol 148: 1210-1229.
43. van Dijk A, Moene AF, de Bruin, HAR (2004) The principle of surface flux physics: theory, practice and description of the ECPACK library. Internal report 2004/1, Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 99 pp.
44. van Heerwaarden CC, de Arellano JVG (2008) Relative humidity as an indicator for cloud formation over heterogeneous land surfaces. J Atmos Sci 65: 3263-3277.
45. Vickers D, Mahrt L (1997) Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data. J Atmos Ocean Technol 14: 512-526.
46. 2 flux sampling errors for tower measurements over forests in the convective boundary layer. Agric For Meteorol 149: 73-83.
47. Voronovich V, Kiely G (2007) On the gap in the spectra of surface-layer atmospheric turbulence. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 122: 67-83.
48. Webb EK, Pearman GI, Leuning R (1980) Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water-vapor transfer. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 106: 85-100.
49. Weber S, Graf A, Heusinkveld BG (2007) Accuracy of soil heat flux plate measurements in coarse substrates - Field measurements versus a laboratory test. Theor Appl Climatol 89: 109-114.
50. Wendland F, Hannappel S, Kunkel R, Schenk R, Voigt HJ, Wolter R (2005) A procedure to define natural groundwater conditions of groundwater bodies in Germany. Water Sci Technol 51: 249-257.
51. Wilczak JM, Oncley SP, Stage SA (2001) Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 99: 127-150.
52. Wyngaard JC, Tennekes H (1979) Measurements of the small-scale structure of turbulence at moderate reynolds numbers. Phys Fluids 13: 1962-1969.
53. Yee E, Wilson DJ, Zelt W (2006) Probability distributions of concentration fluctuations of a weakly diffusive passive plume in a turbulent boundary layer. Boundary- Layer Meteorol 64: 321-354.
54. Zhang Q, Stull RB (1992) Alternative nonlocal descriptions of boundary-layer evolution. J Atmos Sci 49: 2267-2281.