Median-plane sound localization as a function of the number of spectral channels using a channel vocoder

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Volumn 127, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 990-1001

  Goupell, Matthew J ^a   Majdak, Piotr ^a   Laback, Bernhard ^a  

^a ERICH SCHMID INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHANNEL SPACINGS; CLICK TRAINS; COCHLEAR IMPLANT; ERROR RATE; FREQUENCY RANGES; NORMAL-HEARING LISTENERS; ROOT-MEAN SQUARE ERRORS; SOUND LOCALIZATION; SPECTRAL CHANNELS; SPEECH UNDERSTANDING; WIDEBAND NOISE;

AUDITION; DIGITAL FILTERS; EXPERIMENTS; LOCOMOTIVES; RAILROAD CARS; VOCODERS;

COCHLEAR IMPLANTS;

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; COCHLEA PROSTHESIS; ELECTRONICS; HEAD; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; LEARNING; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOPHYSICS; SOUND DETECTION; SPEECH;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADULT; ALGORITHMS; COCHLEAR IMPLANTS; ELECTRONICS; FEEDBACK, PSYCHOLOGICAL; HEAD; HUMANS; LEARNING; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOACOUSTICS; SOUND LOCALIZATION; SPEECH; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 76349117001     PISSN: 00014966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1121/1.3283014     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Algazi, V. R., Avendano, C., and Duda, R. O. (2001). " Elevation localization and head-related transfer function analysis at low frequencies.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 109, 1110-1122. 10.1121/1.1349185 (Pubitemid 32215917)
2. Asano, F., Suzuki, Y., and Sone, T. (1990). " Role of spectral cues in median plane localization.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 88, 159-168. 10.1121/1.399963 (Pubitemid 20243597)
3. Bakent, D., and Shannon, R. V. (2005). " Interactions between cochlear implant electrode insertion depth and frequency-place mapping.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 117, 1405-1416. 10.1121/1.1856273 (Pubitemid 40358009)
4. Blauert, J. (1969). " Sound localization in the median plane.," Acustica ACUSAY 0001-7884 22, 205-213.
5. Blauert, J. (1997). Spatial Hearing (MIT, Cambridge, MA).
6. Carlyon, R. P., and Deeks, J. M. (2002). " Limitations on rate discrimination.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 112, 1009-1025. 10.1121/1.1496766 (Pubitemid 35006659)
7. Carlyon, R. P., Long, C. J., and Deeks, J. M. (2008). " Pulse-rate discrimination by cochlear-implant and normal-hearing listeners with and without binaural cues.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 123, 2276-2286. 10.1121/1.2874796
8. Dorman, M. F., and Loizou, P. C. (1997). " Speech intelligibility as a function of the number of channels of stimulation for normal-hearing listeners and patients with cochlear implants.," Am. J. Otol. ZZZZZZ 0192-9763 18, S113-114.
9. Friesen, L. M., Shannon, R. V., Bakent, D., and Wang, X. (2001). " Speech recognition in noise as a function of the number of spectral channels: Comparison of acoustic hearing and cochlear implants.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 110, 1150-1163. 10.1121/1.1381538 (Pubitemid 32734748)
10. Fu, Q. J., and Shannon, R. V. (1999). " Recognition of spectrally degraded and frequency-shifted vowels in acoustic and electric hearing.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 105, 1889-1900. 10.1121/1.426725 (Pubitemid 29115838)
11. Fu, Q. J., Shannon, R. V., and Wang, X. (1998). " Effects of noise and spectral resolution on vowel and consonant recognition: Acoustic and electric hearing.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 104, 3586-3596. 10.1121/1.423941 (Pubitemid 29006021)
12. Gabor, D. (1947). " Acoustical quanta and the theory of hearing.," Nature (London) NATUAS 0028-0836 84, 591-594. 10.1038/159591a0
13. Gardner, M. B., and Gardner, R. S. (1973). " Problem of localization in the median plane: Effect of pinnae cavity occlusion.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 53, 400-408. 10.1121/1.1913336
14. Goupell, M. J., Laback, B., Majdak, P., and Baumgartner, W. D. (2008a). " Current-level discrimination and spectral profile analysis in multi-channel electrical stimulation.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 124, 3142-3157. 10.1121/1.2981638
15. Goupell, M. J., Laback, B., Majdak, P., and Baumgartner, W. D. (2008b). " Effects of upper-frequency boundary and spectral warping on speech intelligibility in electrical stimulation.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 123, 2295-2309. 10.1121/1.2831738
16. Grantham, D. W., Ashmead, D. H., Ricketts, T. A., Haynes, D. S., and Labadie, R. F. (2008). " Interaural time and level difference thresholds for acoustically presented signals in post-lingually deafened adults fitted with bilateral cochlear implants using CIS+ processing.," Ear Hear. EAHEDS 0196-0202 29, 33-44.
17. Hartmann, W. M., and Rakerd, B. (1993). " Auditory spectral discrimination and the localization of clicks in the sagittal plane.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 94, 2083-2092. 10.1121/1.407481 (Pubitemid 23307666)
18. Hebrank, J., and Wright, D. (1974). " Spectral cues used in the localization of sound sources on the median plane.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 56, 1829-1834. 10.1121/1.1903520
19. Henry, B. A., and Turner, C. W. (2003). " The resolution of complex spectral patterns by cochlear implant and normal-hearing listeners.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 113, 2861-2873. 10.1121/1.1561900 (Pubitemid 36547360)
20. Henry, B. A., Turner, C. W., and Behrens, A. (2005). " Spectral peak resolution and speech recognition in quiet: Normal hearing, hearing impaired, and cochlear implant listeners.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 118, 1111-1121. 10.1121/1.1944567 (Pubitemid 41129243)
21. Hofman, P. M., and Van Opstal, A. J. (1998). " Spectro-temporal factors in two-dimensional human sound localization.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 103, 2634-2648. 10.1121/1.422784 (Pubitemid 28261597)
22. Hofman, P. M., Van Riswick, J. G. A., and Van Opstal, A. J. (1998). " Relearning sound localization with new ears.," Nat. Neurosci. NANEFN 1097-6256 1, 417-421. 10.1038/1633
23. Iida, K., Itoh, M., Atsue, I., and Morimoto, M. (2007). " Median plane localization using a parametric model of the head-related transfer function based on spectral cues.," Appl. Acoust. AACOBL 0003-682X 68, 835-850. 10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.07.016 (Pubitemid 46670106)
24. Ketten, D. R., Skinner, M. W., Wang, G., Vannier, M. W., Gates, G. A., and Neely, J. G. (1998). " In vivo measures of cochlear length and insertion depth of Nucleus cochlear implant electrode arrays.," Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. Suppl. ZZZZZZ 0096-8056 175, 1-16.
25. Kistler, D. J., and Wightman, F. L. (1992). " A model of head-related transfer functions based on principal components analysis and minimum-phase reconstruction.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 91, 1637-1647. 10.1121/1.402444
26. Kulkarni, A., and Colburn, H. S. (1998). " Role of spectral detail in sound-source localization.," Nature (London) NATUAS 0028-0836 396, 747-749. 10.1038/25526 (Pubitemid 29024051)
27. Kulkarni, A., and Colburn, H. S. (2004). " Infinite-impulse-response models of the head-related transfer function.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 115, 1714-1728. 10.1121/1.1650332 (Pubitemid 38451326)
28. Laback, B., and Majdak, P. (2008). " Binaural jitter improves interaural time-difference sensitivity of cochlear implantees at high pulse rates.," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. PNASA6 0027-8424 105, 814-817. 10.1073/pnas.0709199105 (Pubitemid 351171792)
29. Laback, B., Majdak, P., and Baumgartner, W. D. (2007). " Lateralization discrimination of interaural time delays in four-pulse sequences in electric and acoustic hearing.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 121, 2182-2191. 10.1121/1.2642280 (Pubitemid 46548418)
30. Laback, B., Pok, S. M., Baumgartner, W. D., Deutsch, W. A., and Schmid, K. (2004). " Sensitivity to interaural level and envelope time differences of two bilateral cochlear implant listeners using clinical sound processors.," Ear Hear. EAHEDS 0196-0202 25, 488-500. 10.1097/01.aud. 0000145124.85517.e8 (Pubitemid 39332011)
31. Langendijk, E. H. A., and Bronkhorst, A. W. (2002). " Contribution of spectral cues to human sound localization.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 112, 1583-1596. 10.1121/1.1501901
32. Lawson, D. T., Wilson, B. S., Zerbi, M., van den Honert, C., Finley, C. C., Farmer, J. C., Jr., McElveen, J. T., Jr., and Roush, P. A. (1998). " Bilateral cochlear implants controlled by a single speech processor.," Am. J. Otol. ZZZZZZ 0192-9763 19, 758-761.
33. Long, C. J., Eddington, D. K., Colburn, H. S., and Rabinowitz, W. M. (2003). " Binaural sensitivity as a function of interaural electrode position with a bilateral cochlear implant user.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 114, 1565-1574. 10.1121/1.1603765 (Pubitemid 37075731)
34. Lu, T., Carroll, J., and Zeng, F. G. (2007). " On acoustic simulations of cochlear implants.," in Conference on Implantable Auditory Prostheses, Lake Tahoe, CA,.
35. Macpherson, E. A., and Middlebrooks, J. C. (2000). " Localization of brief sounds: Effects of level and background noise.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 108, 1834-1849. 10.1121/1.1310196 (Pubitemid 30776101)
36. Macpherson, E. A., and Middlebrooks, J. C. (2003). " Vertical-plane sound localization probed with ripple-spectrum noise.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 114, 430-445. 10.1121/1.1582174 (Pubitemid 36835513)
37. Majdak, P., Balazs, P., and Laback, B. (2007). " Multiple exponential sweep method for fast measurement of head-related transfer functions.," J. Audio Eng. Soc. ADIOA3 0004-7554 55, 623-637.
38. Majdak, P., Goupell, M. J., and Laback, B. (2010). " 3-D localization of virtual sound sources: Effects of visual environment, pointing method, and training.," Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics 1943-3921 72, 454-469.
39. Majdak, P., Laback, B., and Goupell, M. J. (2008). " 3-D localization of virtual sound sources in normal-hearing and cochlear-implant listeners (A).," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 123, 3562. 10.1121/1.2932781
40. Majdak, P., Laback, B., and Baumgartner, W. D. (2006). " Effects of interaural time differences in fine structure and envelope on lateral discrimination in electric hearing.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 120, 2190-2201. 10.1121/1.2258390 (Pubitemid 44536144)
41. Middlebrooks, J. C. (1992). " Narrow-band sound localization related to external ear acoustics.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 92, 2607-2624. 10.1121/1.404400
42. Middlebrooks, J. C. (1999a). " Individual differences in external-ear transfer functions reduced by scaling in frequency.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 106, 1480-1492. 10.1121/1.427176 (Pubitemid 29438989)
43. Middlebrooks, J. C. (1999b). " Virtual localization improved by scaling nonindividualized external-ear transfer functions in frequency.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 106, 1493-1510. 10.1121/1.427147 (Pubitemid 29438990)
44. Møller, H., Sørensen, M. F., Hammershøi, D., and Jensen, C. B. (1995). " Head-related transfer functions of human subjects.," J. Audio Eng. Soc. ADIOA3 0004-7554 43, 300-321.
45. Morimoto, M., and Aokata, H. (1984). " Localization cues of sound sources in the upper hemisphere.," J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn. (E) JASED2 0388-2861 5, 165-173.
46. Musicant, A. D., and Butler, R. A. (1984). " The influence of pinnae-based spectral cues on sound localization.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 75, 1195-1200. 10.1121/1.390770
47. Nelson, D. A., Donaldson, G. S., and Kreft, H. (2008). " Forward-masked spatial tuning curves in cochlear implant users.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 123, 1522-1543. 10.1121/1.2836786
48. Nopp, P., Schleich, P., and D'Haese, P. (2004). " Sound localization in bilateral users of MED-EL COMBI 40/40+ cochlear implants.," Ear Hear. EAHEDS 0196-0202 25, 205-214. 10.1097/01.AUD.0000130793.20444.50 (Pubitemid 38736304)
49. Oldfield, S. R., and Parker, S. P. (1984). " Acuity of sound localisation: A topography of auditory space. II. Pinna cues absent.," Perception ZZZZZZ 0301-0066 13, 601-617. 10.1068/p130601
50. Pralong, D., and Carlile, S. (1996). " The role of individualized headphone calibration for the generation of high fidelity virtual auditory space.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 100, 3785-3793. 10.1121/1.417337
51. Qian, J., and Eddins, D. A. (2008). " The role of spectral modulation cues in virtual sound localization.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 123, 302-314. 10.1121/1.2804698
52. Schoen, F., Mueller, J., Helms, J., and Nopp, P. (2005). " Sound localization and sensitivity to interaural cues in bilateral users of the Med-El Combi 40/40+cochlear implant system.," Otol. Neurotol. ONTEAE 1531-7129 26, 429-437. 10.1097/01.mao.0000169772.16045.86 (Pubitemid 40663870)
53. Seeber, B. U., Baumann, U., and Fastl, H. (2004). " Localization ability with bimodal hearing aids and bilateral cochlear implants.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 116, 1698-1709. 10.1121/1.1776192 (Pubitemid 39202583)
54. Seeber, B. U., and Fastl, H. (2008). " Localization cues with bilateral cochlear implants.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 123, 1030-1042. 10.1121/1.2821965 (Pubitemid 351222574)
55. Senova, M. A., McAnally, K. I., and Marin, R. L. (2002). " Localization of virtual sound as a function of head-related impulse response duration.," J. Audio Eng. Soc. ADIOA3 0004-7554 50, 57-66.
56. Shannon, R. V., Galvin, J. J., III, and Baskent, D. (2001). " Holes in hearing.," J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. ZZZZZZ 1525-3961 3, 185-199.
57. Shaw, E. A. (1974). " Transformation of sound pressure level from the free field to the eardrum in the horizontal plane.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 56, 1848-1861. 10.1121/1.1903522
58. van den Brink, W. A. C., and Houtgast, T. (1990). " Spectro-temporal integration in signal detection.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 88, 1703-1711. 10.1121/1.400245
59. van Hoesel, R. J. M. (2004). " Exploring the benefits of bilateral cochlear implants.," Audiol. Neuro-Otol. ANEOFO 1420-3030 9, 234-246. 10.1159/000078393 (Pubitemid 38812971)
60. van Hoesel, R. J. M. (2007). " Sensitivity to binaural timing in bilateral cochlear implant users.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 121, 2192-2206. 10.1121/1.2537300 (Pubitemid 46548419)
61. van Hoesel, R. J. M. (2008). " Observer weighting of level and timing cues in bilateral cochlear implant users.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 124, 3861-3872. 10.1121/1.2998974
62. van Hoesel, R. J. M., Bohm, M., Pesch, J., Vandali, A., Battmer, R. D., and Lenarz, T. (2008). " Binaural speech unmasking and localization in noise with bilateral cochlear implants using envelope and fine-timing based strategies.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 123, 2249-2263. 10.1121/1.2875229
63. van Hoesel, R. J. M., and Tyler, R. S. (2003). " Speech perception, localization, and lateralization with bilateral cochlear implants.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 113, 1617-1630. 10.1121/1.1539520 (Pubitemid 36297965)
64. van Schijndel, N. H., Houtgast, T., and Festen, J. M. (1999). " Intensity discrimination of Gaussian-windowed tones: Indications for the shape of the auditory frequency-time window.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 105, 3425-3435. 10.1121/1.424683 (Pubitemid 29270306)
65. van Wieringen, A., Carlyon, R. P., Long, C. J., and Wouters, J. (2003). " Pitch of amplitude-modulated irregular-rate stimuli in acoustic and electric hearing.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 114, 1516-1528. 10.1121/1.1577551 (Pubitemid 37075726)
66. Vliegen, J., and Van Opstal, A. J. (2004). " The influence of duration and level on human sound localization.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 115, 1705-1713. 10.1121/1.1687423 (Pubitemid 38451325)
67. Wenzel, E. M., Arruda, M., Kistler, D. J., and Wightman, F. L. (1993). " Localization using nonindividualized head-related transfer functions.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 94, 111-123. 10.1121/1.407089
68. Wightman, F. L., and Kistler, D. J. (1989). " Headphone simulation of free-field listening. II: Psychophysical validation.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 85, 868-878. 10.1121/1.397558 (Pubitemid 19050592)
69. Zahorik, P., Bangayan, P., Sundareswaran, V., Wang, K., and Tam, C. (2006). " Perceptual recalibration in human sound localization: Learning to remediate front-back reversals.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. JASMAN 0001-4966 120, 343-359. 10.1121/1.2208429 (Pubitemid 44014173)
70. Zahorik, P., Wightman, F. L., and Kistler, D. J. (1995). " On the discriminability of virtual and real sound sources.," in Proceedings of the ASSP (IEEE) Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing on Audio and Acoustics (IEEE, New York).