Integrating deep Earth dynamics in paleogeographic reconstructions of Australia

Tectonophysics

Volumn 483, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 135-150

  Heine, Christian ^a   Müller, R Dietmar ^a   Steinberger, Bernhard ^b   DiCaprio, Lydia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b Center for Geodynamics   (Norway)

Author keywords

Australia; Cenozoic; Dynamic topography; Inundation patterns; Paleo DEMs; Plate motions

Indexed keywords

A-PLANE; AUSTRALIA; BURIAL GROUNDS; CENOZOIC; CONTINENTAL SCALE; CONTINENTAL SHELVES; DENSITY ANOMALIES; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY; EUSTASY; EUSTATIC SEA LEVEL; FACIES DISTRIBUTION; LATE CENOZOIC; LATE TERTIARY; LONG WAVELENGTH; MANTLE CONVECTION; MIOCENE; MODEL-BASED; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; OLIGOCENE; PALEOGENE; PALEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION; PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; PLATE KINEMATICS; PLATE MOTIONS; SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; SHORT-WAVELENGTH; SINKING SLABS; SOUTH AUSTRALIA; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; TIME-DEPENDENT; TIME-DEPENDENT DYNAMICS; VERTICAL SHIFT;

SEA LEVEL; STRATIGRAPHY; SUBSIDENCE; SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY; TECTONICS; TOMOGRAPHY; TOPOGRAPHY;

DYNAMIC MODELS;

AUSTRALIAN PLATE; CENOZOIC; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; EUSTACY; MANTLE CONVECTION; NUMERICAL MODEL; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PALEOTOPOGRAPHY; PLATE MOTION; PLATE TECTONICS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SUBSIDENCE; TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION; TECTONOPHYSICS; TRANSGRESSION; UPLIFT;

ARAFURA SEA; AUSTRALIA; GULF OF CARPENTARIA; PACIFIC OCEAN;

CARPENTARIA;

EID: 76349109315     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.028     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Allen P.A., and Allen J.R. Basin Analysis: Principles and Applications. 2nd Edition (2005), Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated, Oxford OX4 1JF, United Kingdom
2. Artemieva I.M. Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: implications for the subsidence of the Russian Platform. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 213 (2003) 431-446 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3
3. Berggren W.A., Kent D.V., Swisher III C.C., and Aubry M.P. A Revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy. In: Berggren W.A., et al. (Ed). Geochronology, Time Scales, and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. Vol. 54 of Special Publication. SEPM Soc. Sediment. Geol. (1995) 129-212
4. Bond G.C. Speculations on real sea-level changes and vertical motions of continents at selected times in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Geology 6 (1978) 247-250
5. Brown B., Müller R.D., and Struckmeyer H.I.M. Anomalous tectonic subsidence of the Southern Australian passive margin: response to cretaceous dynamic topography or differential lithospheric stretching. PESA Eastern Australian Basins Symposium, Melbourne, Vic. 5 (2001) 563-570 25-28 Nov
6. Burgess P.M., and Gurnis M. Mechanisms for the formation of cratonic stratigraphic sequences. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 136 (1995) 647-663
7. Célerier J., Sandiford M., Hansen D.L., and Quigley M. Modes of active intraplate deformation, Flinders Ranges, Australia. Tectonics 24 (2005) TC6006 10.1029/2004TC001679
8. Christie-Blick N., and Driscoll N.W. Sequence stratigraphy. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 23 1 (1995) 451-478 10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.002315
9. Clarke J.D.A., Gammon P.R., Hou B., and Gallagher S.J. Middle to Upper Eocene stratigraphic nomenclature and deposition in the Eucla Basin. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 50 2 (2003) 231-248 10.1046/j.1440-0952.2003.00995.x
10. Cluzel D., Aitchison J.C., and Picard C. Tectonic accretion and underplating of mafic terranes in the Late Eocene intraoceanic fore-arc of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific): geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics 340 1-2 (2001) 23-59 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00148-2
11. Coblentz D.D., Sandiford M., Richardson R.M., Zhou S., and Hillis R.R. The origins of the intraplate stress field in continental Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 133 (1995) 299-309
12. Conrad C.P., and Gurnis M. Seismic tomography, surface uplift, and the breakup of Gondwanaland: integrating mantle convection backwards in time. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 4 3 (2003) 1031 10.1029/2001GC000299
13. Conrad C.P., Lithgow-Bertelloni C., and Louden K.E. Iceland, the Farallon slab, and dynamic topography of the North Atlantic. Geology 32 3 (2004) 177-180 10.1130/G20137.1
14. de Broekert P., and Sandiford M. Buried inset-valleys in the Eastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: geomorphology, age, and allogenic control. J. Geol. 113 4 (2005) 471-493
15. Demidjuk Z., Turner S., Sandiford M., George R., Foden J., and Etheridge M. U-series isotope and geodynamic constraints on mantle melting processes beneath the Newer Volcanic Province in South Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261 3-4 (2007) 517-533 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.006
16. DiCaprio L., Gurnis M., and Müller R.D. Long-wavelength tilting of the Australian continent since the Late Cretaceous. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 278 (2009) 175-185 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.030
17. Duddy I.R. Mesozoic: a time of change in tectonic regime. In: Birch W.D. (Ed). Geology of Victoria. Special Publication 23 (2003), Geological Society of Australia, Victoria Division 239-286 Ch. 9
18. Dyksterhuis S., and Müller R.D. Cause and evolution of intraplate orogeny in Australia. Geology 36 6 (2008) 495-498 10.1130/G24536A.1
19. Dyksterhuis S., Müller R.D., and Albert R.A. Paleostress field evolution of the Australian continent since the Eocene. J. Geophys. Res. 110 B5 (2005) B05102 10.1029/2003JB002728
20. Exon N.F., and Colwell J.B. Geological history of the outer North West Shelf of Australia: a synthesis. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 15 1 (1994) 177-190
21. Finn C.A., Müller R.D., and Panter K.S. A Cenozoic diffuse alkaline magmatic province (DAMP) in the southwest Pacific without rift or plume origin. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 6 2 (2005) Q02005 10.1029/2004GC000273
22. Fishwick S., Heintz M., Kennett B.L., Reading A.M., and Yoshizawa K. Steps in lithospheric thickness within eastern Australia, evidence from surface wave tomography. Tectonics 27 (2008) TC4009 10.1029/2007TC002116
23. Fishwick S., Kennett B.L., and Reading A.M. Contrasts in lithospheric structure within the Australian craton-insights from surface wave tomography. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 231 (2005) 163-176 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.009
24. Gaina C., and Müller R.D. Cenozoic tectonic and depth/age evolution of the Indonesian gateway and associated back-arc basins. Earth-Sci. Rev. 83 (2007) 177-203 10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.04.004
25. Gaina C., Müller R.D., Royer J.-Y., Stock J., Hardebeck J., and Symonds P. The tectonic history of the Tasman Sea: a puzzle with 13 pieces. J. Geophys. Res. 103 B6 (1998) 12413-12433
26. Gallagher S.J., and Gourley T.L. Revised Oligo-Miocene stratigraphy of the Murray Basin, southeast Australia. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 54 (2007) 837-849 10.1080/08120090701392705
27. Gradstein F., Ogg J., Smith A., Agterberg F., Bleeker W., Cooper R., Davydov V., Gibbard P., Hinnov L., House M., Lourens L., Luterbacher H., McArthur J., Melchin M., Robb L., Shergold J., Villeneuve M., Wardlaw B., Ali J., Brinkhuis H., Hilgen F., Hooker J., Howarth R., Knoll A., Laskar J., Monechi S., Plumb K., Powell J., Raffi I., Röhl U., Sadler P., Sanfilippo A., Schmitz B., Shackleton N., Shields G., Strauss H., Van Dam J., van Kolfschoten T., Veizer J., and Wilson D. A Geologic Time Scale (2004), Cambridge University Press. http://www.stratigraphy.org URL http://www.stratigraphy.org
28. Grand S.P., van der Hilst R.D., and Widiyantoro S. Global seismic tomography; a snapshot of convection in the Earth. GSA Today 7 4 (1997) 1-7
29. Gurnis M. Bounds on global dynamic topography from Phanerozoic flooding of continental platforms. Nature 344 (1990) 754-756
30. Gurnis M. Sculpting the Earth from inside out. Sci. Amer. 284 (2001) 40-48
31. Gurnis M., Müller R.D., and Moresi L.N. Cretaceous vertical motion of Australia and the Australian-Antarctic discordance. Science 279 (1998) 1499-1504
32. Haddad D., and Watts A.B. Subsidence history, gravity anomalies, and flexure of the northeast Australian margin in Papua New Guinea. Tectonics 18 5 (1999) 827-842 10.1029/1999TC900009
33. Hager B.H., and O'Connell R.J. A simple global model of plate dynamics and mantle convection. J. Geophys. Res. 86 (1981) 4843-4867
34. Hall R. The Plate Tectonics of Cenozoic SE Asia and the Distribution of Land and Sea. In: Hall R., and Holloway J.D. (Eds). Biogeography and Geological evolution of SE Asia (1998), Blackhuys Publisher, Leiden 99-131
35. Hall R. Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20 4 (2002) 354-431
36. Hall R., and Wilson M.E.J. Neogene sutures in eastern Indonesia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 18 (2000) 781-808
37. Hallam A. Pre-Quarternary sea-level changes. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 12 (1984) 205-243
38. Haq B.U., and Al-Qahtani A.M. Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform. GeoArabia 10 2 (2005) 127-160
39. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., and Vail P.R. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science 235 (1987) 1156-1167
40. Harrowfield M.J., and Keep M. Tectonic modification of the Australian North-West Shelf: episodic rejuvenation of long-lived basin divisions. Basin Research 17 (2005) 225-239 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2005.00251.x
41. Hinschberger F., Malod J.-A., Réhault J.-P., Villeneuve M., Royer J.-Y., and Burhanuddin S. Late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of eastern Indonesia. Tectonophysics 404 (2005) 91-118 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.005
42. Hou B., Alley N.F., Frakes L.A., Stoian L., and Cowley W.M. Eocene stratigraphic succession in the Eucla Basin of South Australia and correlation to major regional sea-level events. Sed. Geol. 183 (2006) 297-319 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.10.007
43. Hou B., Frakes L.A., Sandiford M., Worrall L., Keeling J., and Alley N.F. Cenozoic Eucla Basin and associated palaeovalleys, southern Australia - climatic and tectonic influences on landscape evolution, sedimentation and heavy mineral accumulation. Sedimentary Geology 203 1-2 (2008) 112-130 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.11.005
44. Jordan T.H. Composition and development of the continental tectosphere. Nature 274 (1978) 544-548 10.1038/274544a0
45. Jordan T.H. Structure and formation of the continental tectosphere. J. Petrology Special Lithosphere Issue (1988) 11-37
46. Kamp P.J.J. The mid-Cenozoic Challenger Rift System of western New Zealand and its implications for the age of Alpine fault inception. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 97 3 (1986) 255-281 10.1130/0016-7606(1986) 97<255:TMCRSO>2.0.CO;2
47. Karato S. Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20 (1993) 1623-1626
48. Paleogeographic atlas of Australia. In: Langford R., Wilford G., Truswell E.M., and Isern A.R. (Eds). Volume 10 - Cainozoic (1995), Australian Geological Survey Organization, Canberra
49. Lithgow-Bertelloni C., and Gurnis M. Cenozoic subsidence and uplift of continents from time-varying dynamic topography. Geology 25 8 (1997) 735-738
50. Lithgow-Bertelloni C., and Silver P.G. Dynamic topography, plate driving forces and the African superswell. Nature (1998) 395
51. Lukasik J.J., and James N.P. Deepening-upward subtidal cycles Murray Basin, South Australia. J. Sedim. Res. 73 5 (2003) 653-671
52. Lukasik J.J., James N.P., McGowran B., and Bone Y. An epeiric ramp: low-energy, cool-water carbonate facies in a Tertiary inland sea, Murray Basin, South Australia. Sedimentology 47 4 (2000) 851-881 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00328.x
53. McGowran B., Holdgate G.R., Li Q., and Gallagher S.J. Cenozoic stratigraphic succession in southeastern Australia. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 51 4 (2004) 459-496 10.1111/j.1400-0952.2004.01078.x
54. Miall A.D. Exxon global cycle chart: an event for every occasion?. Geology 20 (1992) 787-790
55. Miller K.G., Kominz M.A., Browning J.V., Wright J.D., Mountain G.S., Katz M.E., Sugarman P.J., Cramer B.S., Christie-Blick N., and Pekar S.F. The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change. Science 310 (2005) 1293-1298 10.1126/science.1116412
56. Mitrovica J.X., Beaumont C., and Jarvis G.T. Tilting of continental interiors by the dynamical effects of subduction. Tectonics 8 5 (1989) 1079-1094
57. Müller R.D., Gaina C., Tikku A., Mihut D., Cande S.C., and Stock J.M. Mesozoic/Cenozoic tectonic events around Australia. The History and Dynamics of Global plate motions. of Geophys. Monogr. Ser. AGU Vol. 121 (2000) 161-188
58. Müller R.D., Lim V.S.L., and Isern A.R. Late Tertiary tectonic subsidence on the northeast Australian passive margin: response to dynamic topography?. Mar. Geol. 162 (2000) 337-352
59. Müller R.D., Sdrolias M., Gaina C., and Roest W.R. Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world's ocean crust. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 9 4 (2008) Q04006 10.1029/2007GC001743
60. Müller R.D., Sdrolias M., Gaina C., Steinberger B., and Heine C. Long-term sea-level fluctuations driven by ocean basin dynamics. Science 319 5868 (2008) 1357-1362 10.1126/science.1151540
61. Nielsen S.B., Stephenson R., and Thomsen E. Dynamics of Mid-Palaeocene North Atlantic rifting linked with European intra-plate deformations. Nature 450 7172 (2007) 1071-1074 10.1038/nature06379
62. Nielsen S.B., Thomsen E., Hansen D.L., and Clausen O.R. Plate-wide stress relaxation explains European Palaeocene basins inversions. Nature 435 (2005) 195-198 10.1038/nature03599
63. N.O.A.A., National Geophysical Data Center. ETOPO2v2 2-minute global relief (2006). http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/fliers/06mgg01.html
64. Norvick M.S., and Smith M.A. Mapping the plate tectonic reconstruction of Southern and Southeastern Australia and implications for petroleum systems. APPEA Journal 49 1 (2001) 15-35
65. O'Neill C., Müller R.D., and Steinberger B. Geodynamic implications of moving Indian Ocean hotspots. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 215 (2003) 151-168 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00368-6
66. Quigley M.C., Sandiford M., and Cupper M.L. Distinguishing tectonic from climatic controls on range-front sedimentation. Basin Research 19 (2007) 491-505 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00336.x
67. Ritsema J., van Heijst H.J., and Woodhouse J.H. Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland. Science 286 (1999) 1925-1928 10.1126/science.286.5446.1925
68. Roy P.S., Whitehouse J., Cowell P.J., and Oakes G. Mineral sands occurrences in the Murray Basin, Southeastern Australia. Economic Geology 95 (2000) 1107-1128
69. Royer J.-Y., and Rollet N. Plate-tectonic setting of the Tasmanian region. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 44 5 (1997) 543-560 10.1080/08120099708728336
70. Russell M., and Gurnis M. The planform of epeirogeny: vertical motions of Australia during the Cretaceous. Basin Research 6 (1994) 63-76 10.1111/j.1365-2117.1994.tb00076.x
71. Sahagian D., and Jones M. Quantified Middle Jurassic to Paleocene eustatic variations based on Russian Platform stratigraphy: stage level resolution. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 105 (1993) 1109-1118
72. Sahagian D., Pinous O., Olferiev A., and Zakharov V. Eustatic curve for the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous based on Russian platform and Siberian stratigraphy: zonal resolution. AAPG Bulletin 80 9 (1996) 1433-1458
73. Sahagian D., and Watts A.B. Introduction to the special section on measurement, causes and consequences of long-term sealevel change. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 6585-6589
74. Sandiford M. Geomorphic constraints on the Late Neogene tectonics of the Otway Range, Victoria. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 50 1 (2003) 69-80 10.1046/j.1440-0952.2003.00973.x
75. Sandiford, M., 2003b. Neotectonics of southeastern Australia: Linking the Quaternary faulting record with seismicity and in situ stress. In: Hillis, R. R., Müller, R. D. (Eds.), Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate. Vol. 22 of Geol. Soc. Aust. Spec. Publ. 22 and Spec. Paper Geol. Soc. Am. 372. Geol. Soc. of Australia and Geol. Soc. of America, pp. 101-113.
76. Sandiford M. The tilting continent: a new constraint on the dynamic topographic field from Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261 (2007) 152-161 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.023
77. Sandiford M., Coblentz D.D., and Richardson R.M. Ridge torques and continental collision in the Indian-Australian plate. Geology 23 7 (1995) 653-656
78. Sandiford M., Wallace M.W., and Coblentz D.D. Origin of the in situ stress field in south-eastern Australia. Basin Res. 16 (2004) 325-338 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2004.00235.x
79. Sandwell D.T. SRTM30_PLUS: SRTM30, Coastal & Ridge multibeam, estimated topography (2009). ftp://topex.ucsd.edu/pub/srtm30_plus/
80. Schellart W. North-eastward subduction followed by slab detachment to explain ophiolite obduction and Early Miocene volcanism in Northland, New Zealand. Terra Nova 19 3 (2007) 211-218 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2007.00736.x
81. Schellart W.P., Lister G.S., and Toy V.G. A Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific region: tectonics controlled by subduction and slab rollback processes. Earth-Science Rev. 76 (2006) 191-233 10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.01.002
82. Sclater J.G., and Christie P.A.F. Continental stretching: an explanation of the post-mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the Central North Sea Basin. J. Geophys. Res. 85 B7 (1980) 3711-3739
83. Shapiro S.S., Hager B.H., and Jordan T.H. Stability and dynamics of the continental tectosphere. Lithos 48 (1999) 115-133
84. Simons F.J., and van der Hilst R.D. Age-dependent seismic thickness and mechanical strength of the Australian lithosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 11 (2002) 10.1029/2002GL014962
85. Simons F.J., Zielhuis A., and van der Hilst R.D. The deep structure of the Australian continent from surface wave tomography. Lithos 48 (1999) 17-43
86. Spasojević S., Liu L., Gurnis M., and Müller R.D. The case for dynamic subsidence of the U.S. east coast since the Eocene. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 (2008) L08305 10.1029/2008GL033511
87. Stagg H.M.J., Wilcox J.B., Symonds P.A., O'Brien G.W., Colwell J.B., Hill P.J.A., Lee C.-S., Moore A.M.G., and Struckmeyer H.I.M. Architecture and evolution of the Australian continental margin. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 17 5/6 (1999) 17-33
88. Steckler M.S., and Watts A.B. Subsidence of the Atlantic-type continental margin off New York. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 41 1 (1978) 1-13
89. Steinberger B. Effects of latent heat release at phase boundaries on flow in the Earth's mantle, phase boundary topography and dynamic topography at the Earth's surface. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 164 (2007) 2-20 10.1016/j.pepi.2007.04.021
90. Steinberger B., and Calderwood A.R. Models of large-scale viscous flow in the Earth's mantle with constraints from mineral physics and surface observations. Geophys. J. Int. 167 (2006) 1461-1481 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03131.x
91. Steinberger B., Schmeling H., and Marquart G. Large-scale lithospheric stress field and topography induced by global mantle circulation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 186 (2001) 75-91 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00229-1
92. Steinberger B., Sutherland R., and O'Connell R.J. Prediction of Emperor-Hawaii seamount locations from a revised model of global plate motion and mantle flow. Nature 430 (2004) 167-173 10.1038/nature02660
93. Stoddard P.R., and Abbot D. Influence of the tectosphere upon plate motions. J. Geophys. Res. 101 B3 (1996) 5425-5433
94. Struckmeyer, H., Brown, P., 1990. Australian Sea Level Curves Part 1: Australian Inundation Curves, Palaeogeography. Tech. rep., Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Petroleum Division of the Australian Mineral Industries Research Association, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
95. Swain C.J., and Kirby J.F. An effective elastic thickness map of Australia from wavelet transforms of gravity and topography using Forsyth's method. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) L02314 10.1029/2005GL025090
96. Trampert J., Deschamps F., Resovsky J., and Yuen D.A. Probabilistic tomography maps chemical heterogeneities in the lower mantle. Science 306 (2004) 853-856 10.1126/science.1101996
97. van der Hilst R.D., Widiyantoro S., and Engdahl E.R. Evidence of deep mantle circulation from global tomography. Nature 386 (1997) 578-584 10.1038/386578a0
98. In: Veevers J.J. (Ed). Phanerozoic Earth History of Australia. No. 2 in Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics (1984), Clarendon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
99. Veevers J.J. Billion-year earth history of Australia and neighbours in Gondwanaland (2001), GEMOC Press, Sydney, Australia
100. Veevers J.J., Powell C.M., and Roots S.R. Review of seafloor spreading around Australia. I. synthesis of the patterns of spreading. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 38 4 (1991) 373-389
101. Watts A.B., and Thorne J. Tectonics, global changes in sea level and their relationship to stratigraphical sequences at the US Atlantic continental margin. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 1 (1984) 3-19 10.1016/0264-8172(84)90134-X
102. Wessel P., and Smith W.H.F. New, improved version of Generic Mapping Tools released. EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 79 47 (1998) 579
103. West B.P., Wilcock W.S.D., Sempéré J.-C., and Géli L. Three-dimensional structure of asthenospheric flow beneath the Southeast Indian Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 102 B4 (1997) 7783-7802 10.1029/96JB03895
104. Wheeler P., and White N. Quest for dynamic topography: observations from Southeast Asia. Geology 28 11 (2000) 963-966
105. Whittaker J.M., Müller R.D., Leitchenkov G., Stagg H.M.J., Sdrolias M., Gaina C., and Goncharov A. Major Australian-Antarctic Plate reorganization at Hawaiian-Emperor bend time. Science 318 (2007) 83-86 10.1126/science.1143769
106. Xie X., Müller R.D., Lia S., Gong Z., and Steinberger B. Origin of anomalous subsidence along the Northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 23 (2006) 745-765 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.03.004