메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 189-203

Clinical application of blood biomarkers in cerebrovascular disease

Author keywords

Biomarker; Diagnosis; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Prognosis; Risk stratification; Stroke

Indexed keywords

1 ALKYL 2 ACETYLGLYCEROPHOSPHOCHOLINE ESTERASE; ADIPONECTIN; ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CALCIUM; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; D DIMER; DJ 1 PROTEIN; FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN; FIBRINOGEN; FIBRONECTIN; GELATINASE B; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; HEMOGLOBIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; MALONALDEHYDE; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; N(G),N(G) DIMETHYLARGININE; NEURON SPECIFIC ENOLASE; OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PROTEIN; PROTEIN S100B; THROMBOMODULIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VISIN LIKE PROTEIN 1; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR;

EID: 76249108245     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.151     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (28)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 33645737200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G et al. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation 113(10), e409-e449 (2006).
    • Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G et al. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation 113(10), e409-e449 (2006).
  • 2
    • 51649117327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The promise and potential pitfalls of serum biomarkers for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack
    • Jensen MB, Chacon MR, Sattin JA, Aleu A, Lyden PD. The promise and potential pitfalls of serum biomarkers for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Neurologist 14(4), 243-246 (2008).
    • (2008) Neurologist , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 243-246
    • Jensen, M.B.1    Chacon, M.R.2    Sattin, J.A.3    Aleu, A.4    Lyden, P.D.5
  • 3
    • 60549115062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical usefulness of a biomarker-based diagnostic test for acute stroke: The Biomarker Rapid Assessment in Ischemic Injury (BRAIN) study
    • • First large multicenter trial assessing a panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of stroke using stroke mimics as the control group and validating the panel in a separate cohort
    • Laskowitz DT, Kasner SE, Saver J, Remmel KS, Jauch EC. Clinical usefulness of a biomarker-based diagnostic test for acute stroke: the Biomarker Rapid Assessment in Ischemic Injury (BRAIN) study. Stroke 40(1), 77-85 (2009). • First large multicenter trial assessing a panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of stroke using stroke mimics as the control group and validating the panel in a separate cohort.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-85
    • Laskowitz, D.T.1    Kasner, S.E.2    Saver, J.3    Remmel, K.S.4    Jauch, E.C.5
  • 4
    • 33846363871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: A prospective comparison
    • Chalela JA, Kidwell CS, Nentwich LM et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: a prospective comparison. Lancet 369(9558), 293-298 (2007).
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , Issue.9558 , pp. 293-298
    • Chalela, J.A.1    Kidwell, C.S.2    Nentwich, L.M.3
  • 5
    • 0035942340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are stroke patients excluded from TPA therapy? An analysis of patient eligibility
    • Barber PA, Zhang J, Demchuk AM, Hill MD, Buchan AM. Why are stroke patients excluded from TPA therapy? An analysis of patient eligibility. Neurology 56(8), 1015-1020 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.8 , pp. 1015-1020
    • Barber, P.A.1    Zhang, J.2    Demchuk, A.M.3    Hill, M.D.4    Buchan, A.M.5
  • 6
    • 0038004636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical biomarkers in drug discovery and development
    • Clearly defines a biomarker and its potential applications in drug discovery, •
    • Frank R, Hargreaves R. Clinical biomarkers in drug discovery and development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2(7), 566-580 (2003). • Clearly defines a biomarker and its potential applications in drug discovery.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov , vol.2 , Issue.7 , pp. 566-580
    • Frank, R.1    Hargreaves, R.2
  • 7
    • 51749087022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of proteomics technology to thrombosis research: The identification of potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease
    • Howes JM, Keen JN, Findlay JB, Carter AM. The application of proteomics technology to thrombosis research: the identification of potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 5(3), 205-212 (2008).
    • (2008) Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-212
    • Howes, J.M.1    Keen, J.N.2    Findlay, J.B.3    Carter, A.M.4
  • 8
    • 68249139963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited article: Searching for oracles? Blood biomarkers in acute stroke
    • Foerch C, Montaner J, Furie KL, Ning MM, Lo EH. Invited article: searching for oracles? Blood biomarkers in acute stroke. Neurology 73(5), 393-399 (2009).
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 393-399
    • Foerch, C.1    Montaner, J.2    Furie, K.L.3    Ning, M.M.4    Lo, E.H.5
  • 9
    • 0142120730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel risk markers and clinical practice
    • Manolio T. Novel risk markers and clinical practice. N. Engl. J. Med. 349(17), 1587-1589 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.349 , Issue.17 , pp. 1587-1589
    • Manolio, T.1
  • 10
    • 54049137640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood biomarkers in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke: A systematic review
    • Excellent systematic review of diagnostic biomarkers in ischemic stroke describing current limitations and providing recommendations for the design of future studies, ••
    • Whiteley W, Tseng MC, Sandercock P. Blood biomarkers in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Stroke 39(10), 2902-2909 (2008). •• Excellent systematic review of diagnostic biomarkers in ischemic stroke describing current limitations and providing recommendations for the design of future studies.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.10 , pp. 2902-2909
    • Whiteley, W.1    Tseng, M.C.2    Sandercock, P.3
  • 11
    • 33748300597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel brain biomarkers
    • Laterza OF, Modur VR, Crimmins DL et al. Identification of novel brain biomarkers. Clin. Chem. 52(9), 1713-1721 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Chem , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 1713-1721
    • Laterza, O.F.1    Modur, V.R.2    Crimmins, D.L.3
  • 13
    • 33748988163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jauch EC, Lindsell C, Broderick J, Fagan SC, Tilley BC, Levine SR. Association of serial biochemical markers with acute ischemic stroke: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke recombinant tissue plasminogen activator Stroke Study. Stroke 37(10), 2508-2513 (2006). • Good prospective study of prognostic stroke biomarkers in a large number of patients that were enrolled in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study.
    • Jauch EC, Lindsell C, Broderick J, Fagan SC, Tilley BC, Levine SR. Association of serial biochemical markers with acute ischemic stroke: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke recombinant tissue plasminogen activator Stroke Study. Stroke 37(10), 2508-2513 (2006). • Good prospective study of prognostic stroke biomarkers in a large number of patients that were enrolled in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study.
  • 14
    • 33747056622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: Prediction of outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Wijdicks EF, Hijdra A, Young GB, Bassetti CL, Wiebe S. Practice parameter: prediction of outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 67(2), 203-210 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-210
    • Wijdicks, E.F.1    Hijdra, A.2    Young, G.B.3    Bassetti, C.L.4    Wiebe, S.5
  • 15
    • 0142164873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain derived proteins as markers of acute stroke: Their relation to pathophysiology, outcome prediction and neuroprotective drug monitoring
    • Herrmann M, Ehrenreich H. Brain derived proteins as markers of acute stroke: their relation to pathophysiology, outcome prediction and neuroprotective drug monitoring. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 21(3-4), 177-190 (2003).
    • (2003) Restor. Neurol. Neurosci , vol.21 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 177-190
    • Herrmann, M.1    Ehrenreich, H.2
  • 16
    • 19244384912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leakage of brain-originated proteins in peripheral blood: Temporal profile and diagnostic value in early ischemic stroke
    • Fassbender K, Schmidt R, Schreiner A et al. Leakage of brain-originated proteins in peripheral blood: temporal profile and diagnostic value in early ischemic stroke. J. Neurol. Sci. 148(1), 101-105 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.148 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-105
    • Fassbender, K.1    Schmidt, R.2    Schreiner, A.3
  • 17
    • 24944514527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuron-specific enolase as a marker for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review
    • Anand N, Stead LG. Neuron-specific enolase as a marker for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 20(4), 213-219 (2005).
    • (2005) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 213-219
    • Anand, N.1    Stead, L.G.2
  • 19
    • 26944463910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart-fatty acid-binding protein as a marker for early detection of acute myocardial infarction and stroke
    • Lescuyer P, Allard L, Hochstrasser DF, Sanchez JC. Heart-fatty acid-binding protein as a marker for early detection of acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Mol. Diagn. 9(1), 1-7 (2005).
    • (2005) Mol. Diagn , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Lescuyer, P.1    Allard, L.2    Hochstrasser, D.F.3    Sanchez, J.C.4
  • 21
    • 20844440038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of brain-type and heart-type fatty acid-binding proteins in serum after acute ischaemic stroke
    • Wunderlich MT, Hanhoff T, Goertler M et al. Release of brain-type and heart-type fatty acid-binding proteins in serum after acute ischaemic stroke. J. Neurol. 252(6), 718-724 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurol , vol.252 , Issue.6 , pp. 718-724
    • Wunderlich, M.T.1    Hanhoff, T.2    Goertler, M.3
  • 22
    • 0141615744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood test detecting autoantibodies to N-methyl-D- aspartate neuroreceptors for evaluation of patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke
    • Dambinova SA, Khounteev GA, Izykenova GA, Zavolokov IG, Ilyukhina AY, Skoromets AA. Blood test detecting autoantibodies to N-methyl-D- aspartate neuroreceptors for evaluation of patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke. Clin. Chem. 49(10), 1752-1762 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. Chem , vol.49 , Issue.10 , pp. 1752-1762
    • Dambinova, S.A.1    Khounteev, G.A.2    Izykenova, G.A.3    Zavolokov, I.G.4    Ilyukhina, A.Y.5    Skoromets, A.A.6
  • 23
    • 0038521401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum S100β: A noninvasive marker of blood - brain barrier function and brain lesions
    • Kanner AA, Marchi N, Fazio V et al. Serum S100β: a noninvasive marker of blood - brain barrier function and brain lesions. Cancer 97(11), 2806-2813 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.97 , Issue.11 , pp. 2806-2813
    • Kanner, A.A.1    Marchi, N.2    Fazio, V.3
  • 25
    • 3042540339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral detection of S100β during cardiothoracic surgery: What are we really measuring?
    • Fazio V, Bhudia SK, Marchi N, Aumayr B, Janigro D. Peripheral detection of S100β during cardiothoracic surgery: what are we really measuring? Ann. Thorac. Surg. 78(1), 46-52 (2004).
    • (2004) Ann. Thorac. Surg , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-52
    • Fazio, V.1    Bhudia, S.K.2    Marchi, N.3    Aumayr, B.4    Janigro, D.5
  • 26
    • 34548292001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum S100B levels indicate a higher risk of hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke
    • Foerch C, Wunderlich MT, Dvorak F et al. Elevated serum S100B levels indicate a higher risk of hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke. Stroke 38(9), 2491-2495 (2007).
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 2491-2495
    • Foerch, C.1    Wunderlich, M.T.2    Dvorak, F.3
  • 27
    • 33750941617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma S100B level after acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Delgado P, Alvarez Sabin J, Santamarina E et al. Plasma S100B level after acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 37(11), 2837-2839 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , Issue.11 , pp. 2837-2839
    • Delgado, P.1    Alvarez Sabin, J.2    Santamarina, E.3
  • 28
    • 22844435865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of serum S100B as a surrogate marker for long-term outcome and infarct volume in acute middle cerebral artery infarction
    • Foerch C, Singer OC, Neumann-Haefelin T, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Steinmetz H, Sitzer M. Evaluation of serum S100B as a surrogate marker for long-term outcome and infarct volume in acute middle cerebral artery infarction. Arch. Neurol. 62(7), 1130-1134 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Neurol , vol.62 , Issue.7 , pp. 1130-1134
    • Foerch, C.1    Singer, O.C.2    Neumann-Haefelin, T.3    du Mesnil de Rochemont, R.4    Steinmetz, H.5    Sitzer, M.6
  • 29
    • 8544269351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage is related to the neurovascular status on admission and the site of arterial occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
    • Wunderlich MT, Wallesch CW, Goertler M. Release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage is related to the neurovascular status on admission and the site of arterial occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. J. Neurol. Sci. 227(1), 49-53 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.227 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-53
    • Wunderlich, M.T.1    Wallesch, C.W.2    Goertler, M.3
  • 30
    • 4344702248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum S100B predicts a malignant course of infarction in patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • Foerch C, Otto B, Singer OC et al. Serum S100B predicts a malignant course of infarction in patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 35(9), 2160-2164 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 2160-2164
    • Foerch, C.1    Otto, B.2    Singer, O.C.3
  • 31
    • 0030711721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase concentrations in blood as indicators of infarction volume and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke
    • Missler U, Wiesmann M, Friedrich C, Kaps M. S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase concentrations in blood as indicators of infarction volume and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 28(10), 1956-1960 (1997).
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 1956-1960
    • Missler, U.1    Wiesmann, M.2    Friedrich, C.3    Kaps, M.4
  • 32
    • 0037370051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S100B as a surrogate marker for successful clot lysis in hyperacute middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • Foerch C, du Mesnil de Rochemont R, Singer O et al. S100B as a surrogate marker for successful clot lysis in hyperacute middle cerebral artery occlusion. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 74(3), 322-325 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 322-325
    • Foerch, C.1    du Mesnil de Rochemont, R.2    Singer, O.3
  • 33
    • 32344443779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker for intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with acute stroke
    • Foerch C, Curdt I, Yan B et al. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker for intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with acute stroke. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 77(2), 181-184 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-184
    • Foerch, C.1    Curdt, I.2    Yan, B.3
  • 34
    • 56149119451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of the diagnostic window of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein for the differentiation of intracerebral haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke
    • Dvorak F, Haberer I, Sitzer M, Foerch C. Characterisation of the diagnostic window of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein for the differentiation of intracerebral haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 27(1), 37-41 (2009).
    • (2009) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-41
    • Dvorak, F.1    Haberer, I.2    Sitzer, M.3    Foerch, C.4
  • 35
    • 19744371842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemostatic markers and platelet aggregation factors as predictive markers for type of stroke and neurological disability following cerebral infarction
    • Tombul T, Atbas C, Anlar O. Hemostatic markers and platelet aggregation factors as predictive markers for type of stroke and neurological disability following cerebral infarction. J. Clin. Neurosci. 12(4), 429-434 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Neurosci , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 429-434
    • Tombul, T.1    Atbas, C.2    Anlar, O.3
  • 36
    • 33745955858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemostatic activation and outcome after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for acute ischemic stroke
    • Tanne D, Macko RF, Lin Y, Tilley BC, Levine SR. Hemostatic activation and outcome after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 37(7), 1798-1804 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 1798-1804
    • Tanne, D.1    Macko, R.F.2    Lin, Y.3    Tilley, B.C.4    Levine, S.R.5
  • 37
    • 33645826228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-dimer predicts early clinical progression in ischemic stroke: Confirmation using routine clinical assays
    • Barber M, Langhorne P, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Stott DJ. D-dimer predicts early clinical progression in ischemic stroke: confirmation using routine clinical assays. Stroke 37(4), 1113-1115 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 1113-1115
    • Barber, M.1    Langhorne, P.2    Rumley, A.3    Lowe, G.D.4    Stott, D.J.5
  • 38
    • 59249097612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haapaniemi E, Tatlisumak T. Is D-dimer helpful in evaluating stroke patients? A systematic review. Acta Neurol. Scand. 119(3), 141-150 (2009).
    • Haapaniemi E, Tatlisumak T. Is D-dimer helpful in evaluating stroke patients? A systematic review. Acta Neurol. Scand. 119(3), 141-150 (2009).
  • 39
    • 58749106299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers with poor outcome in acute ischaemic stroke
    • Welsh P, Barber M, Langhorne P, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Stott DJ. Associations of inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers with poor outcome in acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 27(3), 247-253 (2009).
    • (2009) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-253
    • Welsh, P.1    Barber, M.2    Langhorne, P.3    Rumley, A.4    Lowe, G.D.5    Stott, D.J.6
  • 40
    • 65549093529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers associated with early recurrent ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke
    • Kang DW, Yoo SH, Chun S et al. Inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers associated with early recurrent ischemic lesions in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 40(5), 1653-1658 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 1653-1658
    • Kang, D.W.1    Yoo, S.H.2    Chun, S.3
  • 41
    • 33746825544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma d-dimer predicts poor outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Delgado P, Alvarez-Sabin J, Abilleira S et al. Plasma d-dimer predicts poor outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 67(1), 94-98 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-98
    • Delgado, P.1    Alvarez-Sabin, J.2    Abilleira, S.3
  • 42
    • 65549146669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is plasma fibrinogen useful in evaluating ischemic stroke patients?: Why, how, and when
    • Di Napoli M, Singh P. Is plasma fibrinogen useful in evaluating ischemic stroke patients?: why, how, and when. Stroke 40(5), 1549-1552 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 1549-1552
    • Di Napoli, M.1    Singh, P.2
  • 43
    • 65549096662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperfibrinogenemia and functional outcome from acute ischemic stroke
    • del Zoppo GJ, Levy DE, Wasiewski WW et al. Hyperfibrinogenemia and functional outcome from acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 40(5), 1687-1691 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 1687-1691
    • del Zoppo, G.J.1    Levy, D.E.2    Wasiewski, W.W.3
  • 44
    • 33744547351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma fibrinogen predicts one-year mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke
    • Turaj W, Slowik A, Dziedzic T et al. Increased plasma fibrinogen predicts one-year mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J. Neurol. Sci. 246(1-2), 13-19 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.246 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 13-19
    • Turaj, W.1    Slowik, A.2    Dziedzic, T.3
  • 45
    • 84926426742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: An individual participant meta-analysis
    • Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG et al. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA 294(14), 1799-1809 (2005).
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , Issue.14 , pp. 1799-1809
    • Danesh, J.1    Lewington, S.2    Thompson, S.G.3
  • 46
    • 26444439079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of inflammatory and hemostatic variables with the risk of recurrent stroke
    • Woodward M, Lowe GD, Campbell DJ et al. Associations of inflammatory and hemostatic variables with the risk of recurrent stroke. Stroke 36(10), 2143-2147 (2005).
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 2143-2147
    • Woodward, M.1    Lowe, G.D.2    Campbell, D.J.3
  • 47
    • 3042591321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma cellular-fibronectin concentration predicts hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke
    • Castellanos M, Leira R, Serena J et al. Plasma cellular-fibronectin concentration predicts hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 35(7), 1671-1676 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 1671-1676
    • Castellanos, M.1    Leira, R.2    Serena, J.3
  • 48
    • 33750949797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High von Willebrand factor levels increase the risk of first ischemic stroke: Influence of ADAMTS13, inflammation, and genetic variability
    • Bongers TN, de Maat MP, van Goor ML et al. High von Willebrand factor levels increase the risk of first ischemic stroke: influence of ADAMTS13, inflammation, and genetic variability. Stroke 37(11), 2672-2677 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , Issue.11 , pp. 2672-2677
    • Bongers, T.N.1    de Maat, M.P.2    van Goor, M.L.3
  • 49
    • 30644457948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased von Willebrand factor in acute stroke patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Sato M, Suzuki A, Nagata K, Uchiyama S. Increased von Willebrand factor in acute stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 15(1), 1-7 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Sato, M.1    Suzuki, A.2    Nagata, K.3    Uchiyama, S.4
  • 50
    • 0036871423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum von Willebrand factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels predict the onset of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • discussion 1134-1125
    • McGirt MJ, Lynch JR, Blessing R, Warner DS, Friedman AH, Laskowitz DT. Serum von Willebrand factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels predict the onset of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 51(5), 1128-1134; discussion 1134-1125 (2002).
    • (2002) Neurosurgery , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 1128-1134
    • McGirt, M.J.1    Lynch, J.R.2    Blessing, R.3    Warner, D.S.4    Friedman, A.H.5    Laskowitz, D.T.6
  • 51
    • 59349119708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic infection, inflammation and acute ischemic stroke
    • McColl BW, Allan SM, Rothwell NJ. Systemic infection, inflammation and acute ischemic stroke. Neuroscience 158(3), 1049-1061 (2009).
    • (2009) Neuroscience , vol.158 , Issue.3 , pp. 1049-1061
    • McColl, B.W.1    Allan, S.M.2    Rothwell, N.J.3
  • 52
    • 65549135642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood markers for the prognosis of ischemic stroke: A systematic review
    • •• Excellent systematic review of stroke prognostic biomarkers describing the current limitations and providing recommendations for future clinical research
    • Whiteley W, Chong WL, Sengupta A, Sandercock P. Blood markers for the prognosis of ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Stroke 40(5), e380-e389 (2009). •• Excellent systematic review of stroke prognostic biomarkers describing the current limitations and providing recommendations for future clinical research.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.5
    • Whiteley, W.1    Chong, W.L.2    Sengupta, A.3    Sandercock, P.4
  • 54
    • 33644863548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The harms and benefits of inflammatory and immune responses in vascular disease
    • Chamorro A, Hallenbeck J. The harms and benefits of inflammatory and immune responses in vascular disease. Stroke 37(2), 291-293 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-293
    • Chamorro, A.1    Hallenbeck, J.2
  • 55
    • 20444381235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of C-reactive protein measurement for assessing the risk and prognosis in ischemic stroke: A statement for health care professionals from the CRP Pooling Project members
    • Di Napoli M, Schwaninger M, Cappelli R et al. Evaluation of C-reactive protein measurement for assessing the risk and prognosis in ischemic stroke: a statement for health care professionals from the CRP Pooling Project members. Stroke 36(6), 1316-1329 (2005).
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1316-1329
    • Di Napoli, M.1    Schwaninger, M.2    Cappelli, R.3
  • 56
    • 0036713295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, cell adhesion molecules, and stroke: Tools in pathophysiology and epidemiology?
    • Blann AD, Ridker PM, Lip GY. Inflammation, cell adhesion molecules, and stroke: tools in pathophysiology and epidemiology? Stroke 33(9), 2141-2143 (2002).
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 2141-2143
    • Blann, A.D.1    Ridker, P.M.2    Lip, G.Y.3
  • 57
    • 66149189318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory markers for ischaemic stroke
    • Pola R. Inflammatory markers for ischaemic stroke. Thromb. Haemost. 101(5), 800-801 (2009).
    • (2009) Thromb. Haemost , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 800-801
    • Pola, R.1
  • 58
    • 0035800040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of the rate of increase in early carotid atherosclerosis
    • Hashimoto H, Kitagawa K, Hougaku H et al. C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of the rate of increase in early carotid atherosclerosis. Circulation 104(1), 63-67 (2001).
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-67
    • Hashimoto, H.1    Kitagawa, K.2    Hougaku, H.3
  • 59
    • 0032921864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and outcome after ischemic stroke
    • Muir KW, Weir CJ, Alwan W, Squire IB, Lees KR. C-reactive protein and outcome after ischemic stroke. Stroke 30(5), 981-985 (1999).
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 981-985
    • Muir, K.W.1    Weir, C.J.2    Alwan, W.3    Squire, I.B.4    Lees, K.R.5
  • 60
    • 0036792815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic relevance of early serial C-reactive protein measurements after first ischemic stroke
    • Winbeck K, Poppert H, Etgen T, Conrad B, Sander D. Prognostic relevance of early serial C-reactive protein measurements after first ischemic stroke. Stroke 33(10), 2459-2464 (2002).
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 2459-2464
    • Winbeck, K.1    Poppert, H.2    Etgen, T.3    Conrad, B.4    Sander, D.5
  • 62
    • 0037418038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinase-9 pretreatment level predicts intracranial hemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in human stroke
    • Montaner J, Molina CA, Monasterio J et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 pretreatment level predicts intracranial hemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in human stroke. Circulation 107(4), 598-603 (2003).
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 598-603
    • Montaner, J.1    Molina, C.A.2    Monasterio, J.3
  • 63
    • 0037224938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma metalloproteinase-9 concentration predicts hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke
    • Castellanos M, Leira R, Serena J et al. Plasma metalloproteinase-9 concentration predicts hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 34(1), 40-46 (2003).
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-46
    • Castellanos, M.1    Leira, R.2    Serena, J.3
  • 64
    • 0038038883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To stroke or not to stroke: Is ICAM-1 or CRP the answer?
    • Tan KT, Blann AD. To stroke or not to stroke: is ICAM-1 or CRP the answer? Neurology 60(12), 1884-1885 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.12 , pp. 1884-1885
    • Tan, K.T.1    Blann, A.D.2
  • 65
    • 0035057126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis
    • Mocco J, Choudhri TF, Mack WJ et al. Elevation of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Neurosurgery 48(4), 718-721 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurosurgery , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 718-721
    • Mocco, J.1    Choudhri, T.F.2    Mack, W.J.3
  • 67
    • 0029670016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early increases in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 b levels following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbil brain
    • Saito K, Suyama K, Nishida K, Sei Y, Basile AS. Early increases in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 b levels following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbil brain. Neurosci. Lett. 206(2-3), 149-152 (1996).
    • (1996) Neurosci. Lett , vol.206 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 149-152
    • Saito, K.1    Suyama, K.2    Nishida, K.3    Sei, Y.4    Basile, A.S.5
  • 68
    • 0028220499 scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory cytokines in serum of patients with acute cerebral ischemia: Kinetics of secretion and relation to the extent of brain damage and outcome of disease
    • Fassbender K, Rossol S, Kammer T et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in serum of patients with acute cerebral ischemia: kinetics of secretion and relation to the extent of brain damage and outcome of disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 122(2), 135-139 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.122 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-139
    • Fassbender, K.1    Rossol, S.2    Kammer, T.3
  • 69
    • 0029132696 scopus 로고
    • Early intrathecal production of interleukin-6 predicts the size of brain lesion in stroke
    • Tarkowski E, Rosengren L, Blomstrand C et al. Early intrathecal production of interleukin-6 predicts the size of brain lesion in stroke. Stroke 26(8), 1393-1398 (1995).
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 1393-1398
    • Tarkowski, E.1    Rosengren, L.2    Blomstrand, C.3
  • 70
    • 39449133708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between interleukin-6 level and subclinical intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis
    • Hoshi T, Kitagawa K, Yamagami H, Furukado S, Hougaku H, Hori M. Relation between interleukin-6 level and subclinical intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 197(1), 326-332 (2008).
    • (2008) Atherosclerosis , vol.197 , Issue.1 , pp. 326-332
    • Hoshi, T.1    Kitagawa, K.2    Yamagami, H.3    Furukado, S.4    Hougaku, H.5    Hori, M.6
  • 71
    • 66149173528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immuno-inflammatory activation in acute cardio-embolic strokes in comparison with other subtypes of ischaemic stroke
    • Licata G, Tuttolomondo A, Di Raimondo D, Corrao S, Di Sciacca R, Pinto A. Immuno-inflammatory activation in acute cardio-embolic strokes in comparison with other subtypes of ischaemic stroke. Thromb. Haemost. 101(5), 929-937 (2009).
    • (2009) Thromb. Haemost , vol.101 , Issue.5 , pp. 929-937
    • Licata, G.1    Tuttolomondo, A.2    Di Raimondo, D.3    Corrao, S.4    Di Sciacca, R.5    Pinto, A.6
  • 72
    • 27444437764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PARK7 and nucleoside diphosphate kinase A as plasma markers for the early diagnosis of stroke
    • Allard L, Burkhard PR, Lescuyer P et al. PARK7 and nucleoside diphosphate kinase A as plasma markers for the early diagnosis of stroke. Clin. Chem. 51(11), 2043-2051 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Chem , vol.51 , Issue.11 , pp. 2043-2051
    • Allard, L.1    Burkhard, P.R.2    Lescuyer, P.3
  • 74
    • 73349101401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating oxidized LDL: A biomarker and a pathogenic factor
    • Ishigaki Y, Oka Y, Katagiri H. Circulating oxidized LDL: a biomarker and a pathogenic factor. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 20(5), 363-369 (2009).
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Lipidol , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 363-369
    • Ishigaki, Y.1    Oka, Y.2    Katagiri, H.3
  • 75
    • 2142648763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased serum malondialdehyde and decreased nitric oxide within 24 hours of thrombotic stroke onset
    • Cano CP, Bermudez VP, Atencio HE et al. Increased serum malondialdehyde and decreased nitric oxide within 24 hours of thrombotic stroke onset. Am. J. Ther. 10(6), 473-476 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Ther , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 473-476
    • Cano, C.P.1    Bermudez, V.P.2    Atencio, H.E.3
  • 77
    • 70349263955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of plasma ADMA levels with MRI markers of vascular brain injury: Framingham offspring study
    • Pikula A, Boger RH, Beiser AS et al. Association of plasma ADMA levels with MRI markers of vascular brain injury: Framingham offspring study. Stroke 40(9), 2959-2964 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.9 , pp. 2959-2964
    • Pikula, A.1    Boger, R.H.2    Beiser, A.S.3
  • 78
    • 33644559016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a risk marker for stroke and TIA in a Swedish population
    • Wanby P, Teerlink T, Brudin L et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a risk marker for stroke and TIA in a Swedish population. Atherosclerosis 185(2), 271-277 (2006).
    • (2006) Atherosclerosis , vol.185 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-277
    • Wanby, P.1    Teerlink, T.2    Brudin, L.3
  • 79
    • 18244409875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natriuretic peptides and mortality after stroke
    • Makikallio AM, Makikallio TH, Korpelainen JT et al. Natriuretic peptides and mortality after stroke. Stroke 36(5), 1016-1020 (2005).
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 1016-1020
    • Makikallio, A.M.1    Makikallio, T.H.2    Korpelainen, J.T.3
  • 80
    • 1442290043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death
    • Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D et al. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death. N. Engl. J. Med. 350(7), 655-663 (2004).
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.350 , Issue.7 , pp. 655-663
    • Wang, T.J.1    Larson, M.G.2    Levy, D.3
  • 81
    • 0242298783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of brain natriuretic peptide in cerebral vasospasm
    • discussion 860
    • Sviri GE, Shik V, Raz B, Soustiel JF. Role of brain natriuretic peptide in cerebral vasospasm. Acta Neurochir. (Wien.) 145(10), 851-860; discussion 860 (2003).
    • (2003) Acta Neurochir. (Wien.) , vol.145 , Issue.10 , pp. 851-860
    • Sviri, G.E.1    Shik, V.2    Raz, B.3    Soustiel, J.F.4
  • 82
    • 67650072805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and C-reactive protein for risk-stratification of patients with TIA
    • Cucchiara BL, Messe SR, Sansing L et al. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and C-reactive protein for risk-stratification of patients with TIA. Stroke 40(7), 2332-2336 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 2332-2336
    • Cucchiara, B.L.1    Messe, S.R.2    Sansing, L.3
  • 83
    • 51749095275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gorelick PB. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and risk of stroke. Am. J. Cardiol. 101(12A), 34F-40F (2008).
    • Gorelick PB. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and risk of stroke. Am. J. Cardiol. 101(12A), 34F-40F (2008).
  • 84
    • 49849092111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum calcium as prognosticator in ischemic stroke
    • Ovbiagele B, Starkman S, Teal P et al. Serum calcium as prognosticator in ischemic stroke. Stroke 39(8), 2231-2236 (2008).
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.8 , pp. 2231-2236
    • Ovbiagele, B.1    Starkman, S.2    Teal, P.3
  • 85
    • 24144452810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum free hemoglobin concentrations in healthy individuals are related to haptoglobin type
    • Na N, Ouyang J, Taes YE, Delanghe JR. Serum free hemoglobin concentrations in healthy individuals are related to haptoglobin type. Clin. Chem. 51(9), 1754-1755 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Chem , vol.51 , Issue.9 , pp. 1754-1755
    • Na, N.1    Ouyang, J.2    Taes, Y.E.3    Delanghe, J.R.4
  • 86
    • 15944398355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical sequelae of intravascular hemolysis and extracellular plasma hemoglobin: A novel mechanism of human disease
    • Rother RP, Bell L, Hillmen P, Gladwin MT. The clinical sequelae of intravascular hemolysis and extracellular plasma hemoglobin: a novel mechanism of human disease. JAMA 293(13), 1653-1662 (2005).
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , Issue.13 , pp. 1653-1662
    • Rother, R.P.1    Bell, L.2    Hillmen, P.3    Gladwin, M.T.4
  • 87
    • 65749103187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum free hemoglobin as a novel potential biomarker for acute ischemic stroke
    • Huang P, Lo LH, Chen YC, Lin RT, Shiea J, Liu CK. Serum free hemoglobin as a novel potential biomarker for acute ischemic stroke. J. Neurol. 256(4), 625-631 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Neurol , vol.256 , Issue.4 , pp. 625-631
    • Huang, P.1    Lo, L.H.2    Chen, Y.C.3    Lin, R.T.4    Shiea, J.5    Liu, C.K.6
  • 90
    • 0037230516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD initiative. Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy
    • Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE et al. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. Clin. Chem. 49(1), 1-6 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. Chem , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Bossuyt, P.M.1    Reitsma, J.B.2    Bruns, D.E.3
  • 91
    • 74049095852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of biomarkers in triage of patients with suspected stroke
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Vanni S, Polidori G, Pepe G et al. Use of biomarkers in triage of patients with suspected stroke. J. Emerg. Med. (2009) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2009) J. Emerg. Med
    • Vanni, S.1    Polidori, G.2    Pepe, G.3
  • 92
    • 66049159080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibon I, Rouanet F, Meissner W, Orgogozo JM. Use of the Triage Stroke Panel in a neurologic emergency service. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 27(5), 558-562 (2009). • Good study that compares a triage stroke panel performance to a triage nurse assessment of stroke showing that the biomarker panel increased the specificity in diagnosing stroke mimics.
    • Sibon I, Rouanet F, Meissner W, Orgogozo JM. Use of the Triage Stroke Panel in a neurologic emergency service. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 27(5), 558-562 (2009). • Good study that compares a triage stroke panel performance to a triage nurse assessment of stroke showing that the biomarker panel increased the specificity in diagnosing stroke mimics.
  • 93
    • 3543126620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ApoC-I and ApoC-III as potential plasmatic markers to distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
    • Allard L, Lescuyer P, Burgess J et al. ApoC-I and ApoC-III as potential plasmatic markers to distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Proteomics 4(8), 2242-2251 (2004).
    • (2004) Proteomics , vol.4 , Issue.8 , pp. 2242-2251
    • Allard, L.1    Lescuyer, P.2    Burgess, J.3
  • 94
    • 49849084828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiologic diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes with plasma biomarkers
    • Montaner J, Perea-Gainza M, Delgado P et al. Etiologic diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes with plasma biomarkers. Stroke 39(8), 2280-2287 (2008).
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.8 , pp. 2280-2287
    • Montaner, J.1    Perea-Gainza, M.2    Delgado, P.3
  • 95
    • 70349748283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of inflammatory and thrombotic/fibrinolytic markers in acute ischemic strokes: Relationship with TOAST subtype, outcome and infarct site
    • Tuttolomondo A, Di Sciacca R, Di Raimondo D et al. Plasma levels of inflammatory and thrombotic/fibrinolytic markers in acute ischemic strokes: Relationship with TOAST subtype, outcome and infarct site. J. Neuroimmunol. 215(1-2), 84-89 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.215 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 84-89
    • Tuttolomondo, A.1    Di Sciacca, R.2    Di Raimondo, D.3
  • 96
    • 46049098369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression in peripheral blood differs after cardioembolic compared with large-vessel atherosclerotic stroke: Biomarkers for the etiology of ischemic stroke
    • Xu H, Tang Y, Liu DZ et al. Gene expression in peripheral blood differs after cardioembolic compared with large-vessel atherosclerotic stroke: biomarkers for the etiology of ischemic stroke. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 28(7), 1320-1328 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1320-1328
    • Xu, H.1    Tang, Y.2    Liu, D.Z.3
  • 97
    • 2542528666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemostatic function and progressing ischemic stroke: D-dimer predicts early clinical progression
    • Barber M, Langhorne P, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Stott DJ. Hemostatic function and progressing ischemic stroke: D-dimer predicts early clinical progression. Stroke 35(6), 1421-1425 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1421-1425
    • Barber, M.1    Langhorne, P.2    Rumley, A.3    Lowe, G.D.4    Stott, D.J.5
  • 98
    • 24644517524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prediction of malignant cerebral infarction by molecular brain barrier disruption markers
    • Serena J, Blanco M, Castellanos M et al. The prediction of malignant cerebral infarction by molecular brain barrier disruption markers. Stroke 36(9), 1921-1926 (2005).
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 1921-1926
    • Serena, J.1    Blanco, M.2    Castellanos, M.3
  • 99
    • 1542407299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting functional outcome in acute stroke: Comparison of a simple six variable model with other predictive systems and informal clinical prediction
    • Counsell C, Dennis M, McDowall M. Predicting functional outcome in acute stroke: comparison of a simple six variable model with other predictive systems and informal clinical prediction. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75(3), 401-405 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 401-405
    • Counsell, C.1    Dennis, M.2    McDowall, M.3
  • 100
    • 62549156205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MITICO Study Investigators. Inflammation markers and prediction of post-stroke vascular disease recurrence: The MITICO study
    • Castillo J, Alvarez-Sabín J, Martínez-Vila E, Montaner J, Sobrino T, Vivancos J; MITICO Study Investigators. Inflammation markers and prediction of post-stroke vascular disease recurrence: the MITICO study. J. Neurol. 256(2), 217-224 (2009)
    • (2009) J. Neurol , vol.256 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-224
    • Castillo, J.1    Alvarez-Sabín, J.2    Martínez-Vila, E.3    Montaner, J.4    Sobrino, T.5    Vivancos, J.6
  • 101
    • 0028938324 scopus 로고
    • Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study
    • Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. JAMA 273(18), 1421-1428 (1995).
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , Issue.18 , pp. 1421-1428
  • 102
    • 36849047800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying the carotid 'high risk' plaque: Is it still a riddle wrapped up in an enigma?
    • Golledge J, Siew DA. Identifying the carotid 'high risk' plaque: is it still a riddle wrapped up in an enigma? Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 35(1), 2-8 (2008).
    • (2008) Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-8
    • Golledge, J.1    Siew, D.A.2
  • 103
    • 44449157784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced expression of Lp-PLA2 and lysophosphatidylcholine in symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques
    • Mannheim D, Herrmann J, Versari D et al. Enhanced expression of Lp-PLA2 and lysophosphatidylcholine in symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Stroke 39(5), 1448-1455 (2008).
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 1448-1455
    • Mannheim, D.1    Herrmann, J.2    Versari, D.3
  • 104
    • 33750558522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with stroke or cardiovascular death in patients with carotid stenosis
    • Eldrup N, Gronholdt ML, Sillesen H, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with stroke or cardiovascular death in patients with carotid stenosis. Circulation 114(17), 1847-1854 (2006).
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , Issue.17 , pp. 1847-1854
    • Eldrup, N.1    Gronholdt, M.L.2    Sillesen, H.3    Nordestgaard, B.G.4
  • 105
    • 0035170373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: The Framingham study
    • Rost NS, Wolf PA, Kase CS et al. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: the Framingham study. Stroke 32(11), 2575-2579 (2001).
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 2575-2579
    • Rost, N.S.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Kase, C.S.3
  • 106
    • 23844437999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and cerebral small-vessel disease: The Rotterdam Scan Study
    • van Dijk EJ, Prins ND, Vermeer SE et al. C-reactive protein and cerebral small-vessel disease: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Circulation 112(6), 900-905 (2005).
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , Issue.6 , pp. 900-905
    • van Dijk, E.J.1    Prins, N.D.2    Vermeer, S.E.3
  • 107
    • 0034050684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion-weighted MRI as an evolving standard of care in acute stroke
    • Hacke W, Warach S. Diffusion-weighted MRI as an evolving standard of care in acute stroke. Neurology 54(8), 1548-1549 (2000).
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.8 , pp. 1548-1549
    • Hacke, W.1    Warach, S.2
  • 109
    • 24644488726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Results of a pilot randomized clinical trial
    • Lynch JR, Wang H, McGirt MJ et al. Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial. Stroke 36(9), 2024-2026 (2005).
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 2024-2026
    • Lynch, J.R.1    Wang, H.2    McGirt, M.J.3
  • 110
    • 33746929545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuron-specific enolase and tau protein as neurobiochemical markers of neuronal damage are related to early clinical course and long-term outcome in acute ischemic stroke
    • Wunderlich MT, Lins H, Skalej M, Wallesch CW, Goertler M. Neuron-specific enolase and tau protein as neurobiochemical markers of neuronal damage are related to early clinical course and long-term outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 108(6), 558-563 (2006).
    • (2006) Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg , vol.108 , Issue.6 , pp. 558-563
    • Wunderlich, M.T.1    Lins, H.2    Skalej, M.3    Wallesch, C.W.4    Goertler, M.5
  • 112
    • 3242802253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble thrombomodulin and brain infarction: Case-control and prospective study
    • Olivot JM, Labreuche J, Aiach M, Amarenco P. Soluble thrombomodulin and brain infarction: case-control and prospective study. Stroke 35(8), 1946-1951 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.8 , pp. 1946-1951
    • Olivot, J.M.1    Labreuche, J.2    Aiach, M.3    Amarenco, P.4
  • 113
    • 0031861859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in symptomatic versus asymptomatic human carotid atherosclerotic plaque
    • DeGraba TJ, Siren AL, Penix L et al. Increased endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in symptomatic versus asymptomatic human carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Stroke 29(7), 1405-1410 (1998).
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 1405-1410
    • DeGraba, T.J.1    Siren, A.L.2    Penix, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.