Intrusive gravity currents from finite-length locks in a uniformly stratified fluid

Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Volumn 635, Issue , 2009, Pages 245-273

  Munroe, J R ^a   Voegeli, C ^a   Sutherland, B R ^a   Birman, V ^b   Meiburg, E H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b University of California   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAVITATION; GRAVITY WAVES; NUMERICAL MODELS; POTENTIAL ENERGY; TANKS (CONTAINERS);

AMBIENT DENSITY; AMBIENT FLUIDS; EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS; GRAVITY CURRENTS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; STRATIFIED FLUID; SYMMETRIC CASE; TWO-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION;

LOCKS (FASTENERS);

ASYMMETRY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FINITE VOLUME METHOD; GRAVITY FIELD; INTERNAL WAVE; NUMERICAL MODEL; STRATIFIED FLUID; SYMMETRY; WAVE VELOCITY;

EID: 76249099411     PISSN: 00221120     EISSN: 14697645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022112009007563     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Aguilar, D. A. & Sutherland, B. R. 2006 Internal wave generation from rough topography. Phys. Fluids 18, Art. No.066603.
2. Amen, R. & Maxworthy, T. 1980 The gravitational collapse of a mixed region into a linearly stratified solution. J. Fluid Mech. 96, 65-80.
3. Benjamin, T. B. 1968 Gravity currents and related phenomena. J. Fluid Mech. 31, 209-248.
4. Birman, V. K., Meiburg, E. & Ungarish, M. 2007 On gravity currents in stratified ambients. Phys. Fluids 19, 086602-1-10. doi:10.1063/1.2756553. (Pubitemid 47577615)
5. Bolster, D., Hang, A. & Linden, P. F. 2008 The front speed of intrusions into a continuously stratified medium. J. Fluid Mech. 594, 369-377.
6. Britter, R. E. & Simpson, J. E. 1978 Experiments on the dynamics of a gravity current head. J. Fluid Mech. 88, 223-240.
7. Britter, R. E. & Simpson, J. E. 1981 A note on the structure of the head of an intrusive gravity current. J. Fluid Mech. 112, 459-466.
8. Cheong, H., Kuenen, J. J. P. & Linden, P. F. 2006 The front speed of intrusive gravity currents. J. Fluid Mech. 552, 1-11.
9. Dalziel, S. B. 1992 Decay of rotating turbulence: Some particle tracking experiments. Appl. Sci. Res. 49, 217-244.
10. Dohan, K. & Sutherland, B. R. 2002 Turbulence time-scales in mixing box experiments. Exp. Fluids 33, 709-719.
11. Dohan, K. & Sutherland, B. R. 2003 Internal waves generated from a turbulent mixed region. Phys. Fluids 15, 488-498.
12. Flynn, M. R. & Linden, P. F. 2006 Intrusive gravity currents. J. Fluid Mech. 568, 193-2002.
13. Flynn, M. R. & Sutherland, B. R. 2004 Intrusive gravity currents and internal wave generation in stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 514, 355-383.
14. Härtel, C., Meiburg, E. & Necker, F. 2000 Analysis and direct numerical simulation of the flow at a gravity-current head. Part 1. Flow topology and front speed for slip and no-slip boundaries. J. Fluid Mech. 418, 189-212.
15. Holyer, J. Y. & Huppert, H. E. 1980 Gravity currents entering a two-layer fluid. J. Fluid. Mech. 100, 739-767.
16. Huppert, H. E. & Simpson, J. E. 1980 The slumping of gravity currents. J. Fluid Mech. 99, 785-799.
17. Keulegan, G. H. 1957 An experimental study of the motion of saline water from locks into fresh water channels. Tech. Rep. 5168. Nat. Bur. Stand. Rept.
18. Klemp, J. B., Rotunno, R. & Skamarock, W. C. 1994 On the dynamics of gravity currents in a channel. J. Fluid Mech. 269, 169-198.
19. Lele, S. K. 1992 Compact finite-difference schemes with spectral-like resolution. J. Comput. Phys. 103, 16-42.
20. Long, R. R. 1953 Some aspects of the flow of stratified fluids. a theoretical investigation. Tellus 5, 42-58.
21. Long, R. R. 1955 Some aspects of the flow of stratified fluids. III. Continuous density gradients. Tellus 7, 341-357.
22. Lowe, R. J., Linden, P. F. & Rottman, J. W. 2002 A laboratory study of the velocity structure in an intrusive gravity current. J. Fluid Mech. 456, 33-48.
23. Manins, P. 1976 Intrusion into a stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 74, 547-560.
24. Maxworthy, T., Leilich, J., Simpson, J. & Meiburg, E. H. 2002 The propagation of a gravity current in a linearly stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 453, 371-394.
25. Monaghan, J. J. 2007 Gravity current interaction with interfaces. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 39, 245-261.
26. Necker, F., Härtel, C., Kleiser, L. & Meiburg, E. 2005 Mixing and dissipation in particle-driven gravity currents. J. Fluid Mech. 545, 339-372.
27. Oster, G. 1965 Density gradients. Sci. Am. 213, 70.
28. Rottman, J. W. & Simpson, J. E. 1983 Gravity currents produced by instantaneous releases of a heavy fluid in a rectangular channel. J. Fluid Mech. 135, 95-110.
29. Schooley, A. & Hughes, B. 1972 An experimental and theoretical study of internal waves generated by the collapse of a two-dimensional mixed region in a density gradient. J. Fluid Mech. 51, 159-175.
30. Shin, J., Dalziel, S. & Linden, P. 2004 Gravity currents produced by lock exchange. J. Fluid Mech. 521, 1-34.
31. Silva, I. P. D. D. & Fernando, H. J. S. 1998 Experiments on collapsing turbulent regions in stratified fluids. J. Fluid Mech. 358, 29-60.
32. Simpson, J. E. 1972 Effects of lower boundary on the head of a gravity current. J. Fluid Mech. 53, 759-768.
33. Simpson, J. E. 1982 Gravity currents in the laboratory, atmosphere, and ocean. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 14, 213-234.
34. Simpson, J. E. 1997 Gravity Currents, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press.
35. Simpson, J. E. & Britter, R. E. 1979 The dynamics of the head of a gravity current advancing over a horizontal surface. J. Fluid Mech. 94, 477-495.
36. Sutherland, B. R., Chow, A. N. F. & Pittman, T. P. 2007 The collapse of a mixed patch in stratified fluid. Phys. Fluids 19, 116602-1-6. doi:10.1063/1.2814331. (Pubitemid 350226434)
37. Sutherland, B. R., Kyba, P. J. & Flynn, M. R. 2004 Interfacial gravity currents in two-layer fluids. J. Fluid Mech. 514, 327-353.
38. Sutherland, B. R. & Nault, J. T. 2007 Intrusive gravity currents propagating along thin and thick interfaces. J. Fluid Mech. 586, 109-118. doi:10.1017/S0022112007007288.
39. Ungarish, M. 2005 Intrusive gravity currents in a stratified ambient: Shallow-water theory and numerical results. J. Fluid Mech. 535, 287-323.
40. Ungarish, M. 2006 On gravity currents in a linearly stratified ambient: a generalization of Benjamin's steady-state propagation results. J. Fluid Mech. 548, 49-68.
41. Ungarish, M. & Huppert, H. E. 2002 On gravity currents propagating at the base of a stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 458, 283-301.
42. Ungarish, M. & Huppert, H. E. 2004 On gravity currents propagating at the base of a stratified ambient: effects of geometrical constraints and rotation. J. Fluid Mech. 521, 69-104.
43. Ungarish, M. & Huppert, H. E. 2006 Energy balances for propagating gravity currents: homogeneous and stratified ambients. J. Fluid Mech. 565, 363-380.
44. Wu, J. 1969 Mixed region collapse with internal wave generation in a density stratified medium. J. Fluid Mech. 35, 531-544.