Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES)

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 855-876

  Kopacz, M ^a,j   Jacob, D J ^a   Fisher, J A ^a   Logan, J A ^a   Zhang, L ^a   Megretskaia, I A ^a   Yantosca, R M ^a   Singh, K ^b   Henze, D K ^c   Burrows, J P ^d   Buchwitz, M ^d   Khlystova, I ^d   McMillan, W W ^e   Gille, J C ^f   Edwards, D P ^f   Eldering, A ^g   Thouret, V ^h,i   Nedelec, P ^h,i  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b State University   (United States)

^c UCB 450   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY   (United States)

^f NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^g CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE   (France)

ⁱ CNRS   (France)

^j PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BIOMASS BURNING; CARBON EMISSION; CARBON MONOXIDE; COMBUSTION; DATA SET; EMISSION INVENTORY; ESTIMATION METHOD; SATELLITE DATA; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPATIAL RESOLUTION;

EID: 75949101080     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-855-2010     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Andreae M.O.Merlet P.: Emission of Trace Gases and Aerosols From Biomass Burning Global Biogeochem. Cy. 15(4), 955-966,2001.
2. Arellano, A. F., Kasibhatla, P. S., Giglio, L., van der Werf, G. R., and Randerson, J. T.: Top-down estimates of global CO sources using MOPITT measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L01104, doi:10.1029/2003GL018609, 2004.
3. Arellano, A. F. and Hess, P. G.: Sensitivity of top-down estimates of CO sources to GCTM transport, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33(21), L21807, doi:10.1029/2006GL027371, 2006. (Pubitemid 46747163)
4. Arellano, A. F., Kasibhatla, P. S., Giglio, L., van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., and Collatz, G. J.: Time-dependent inversion estimates of global biomass-burning CO emissions using Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D09303, doi:10.1029/2005JD006613, 2006. (Pubitemid 43950207)
5. Bey, I., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D., Fiore, A. M., Li, Q., Liu, H. Y., Mickley, L. J., and Schultz, M. G.: Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geo-phys. Res., 106, 23073-23096, 2001.
6. Bian, H., Chin, M., Kawa, S. R., Duncan, B., Arellano, A., and Kasibhatla, P.: Sensitivity of global CO simulations to uncertainties in biomass burning sources, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D23308, doi:10.1029/2006JD008376, 2007.
7. Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J. P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., Noël, S., Rozanov, V. V., Chance, K. V., and Goede, A. P. H.: SCIA-MACHY-Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes, Atmos. Sci., 56, 127-150, 1999.
8. Buchwitz, M., de Beek, R., Bramstedt, K., Noël, S., Bovensmann, H., and Burrows, J. P.: Global carbon monoxide as retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1945-1960, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys. net/4/1945/2004/.
9. Buchwitz, M., de Beek, R., Noël, S., Burrows, J. P., Bovensmann, H., Bremer, H., Bergamaschi, P., Körner, S., and Heimann, M.: Carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide columns retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS: year 2003 initial data set, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3313-3329, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/3313/2005/.
10. Buchwitz, M., Khlystova, I., Bovensmann, H., and Burrows, J. P.: Three years of global carbon monoxide from SCIAMACHY: comparison with MOPITT and first results related to the detection of enhanced CO over cities, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2399-2411, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/2399/2007/. (Pubitemid 46750448)
11. Burrows, J. P., Hölze, E., Goede, A. P. H., Visser, H., and Fricke, W.: SCIAMACHY-Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography, Acta Astronaut., 35(7), 445-451, 1995.
12. Chevallier, F., Fortems, A., Bousquet, P., Pison, I., Szopa, S., De-vaux, M., and Hauglustaine, D. A.: African CO emissions between years 2000 and 2006 as estimated from MOPITT observations, Biogeosciences, 6, 103-111, 2009, http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/103/2009/.
13. Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P. F., Hurtmans, D., Barret, B., Carleer, M., Colin, R., Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., Boone, C., and Bernath, P.: Carbon monoxide distribution from the ACE-FTS solar occultation measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1-4, doi:10.1029/2005GL022394, 2005. (Pubitemid 41461686)
14. Clerbaux, C., George, M., Turquety, S., Walker, K. A., Barret, B., Bernath, P., Boone, C., Borsdorff, T., Cammas, J. P., Catoire, V., Coffey, M., Coheur, P.-F., Deeter, M., De Mazière, M., Drum-mond, J., Duchatelet, P., Dupuy, E., de Zafra, R., Eddounia, F., Edwards, D. P., Emmons, L., Funke, B., Gille, J., Griffith, D. W. T., Hannigan, J., Hase, F., Höpfner, M., Jones, N., Kagawa, A., Kasai, Y., Kramer, I., Le Flochmoën, E., Livesey, N. J., López-Puertas, M., Luo, M., Mahieu, E., Murtagh, D., Nédé lec, P., Pazmino, A., Pumphrey, H., Ricaud, P., Rinsland, C. P., Robert, C., Schneider, M., Senten, C., Stiller, G., Strandberg, A., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Thouret, V., Urban, J., and Wiacek, A.: CO measurements from the ACE-FTS satellite instrument: data analysis and validation using ground-based, airborne and spaceborne observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2569-2594, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/2569/2008/.
15. de Laat, A. T. J., Gloudemans, A. M. S., Schrijver, H., van den Broek, M. M. P., Meirink, J. F., Aben, I., and Krol, M.: Quantitative analysis of SCIAMACHY carbon monoxide total column measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07807, doi:10.1029/2005GL025530, 2006. (Pubitemid 43772926)
16. de Laat, A. T. J., Gloudemans, A. M. S., Aben, I., Krol, M., Meirink, J. F., van der Werf, G. R., and Schrijver, H.: Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography carbon monoxide total columns: Statistical evaluation and comparison with chemistry transport model results, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12310, doi:10.1029/2006JD008256, 2007. (Pubitemid 47241656)
17. Deeter, M. N., Emmons, L. K., Francis, G. L., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Warner, J. X., Khattatov, B., Ziskin, D., Lamar-que, J. F., Ho, S. P., Yudin, V., Attie, J. L., Packman, D., Chen, J., Mao, D., and Drummond, J. R.: Operational carbon monoxide retrieval algorithm and selected results for the MO-PITT instrument, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D14), 4399, doi:10.1029/2002JD003186, 2003.
18. Deeter, M. N., Emmons, L. K., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., and Drummond, J. R.: Vertical resolution and information content of CO profiles retrieved by MOPITT, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 1-4, doi:10.1029/2004GL020235, 2004. (Pubitemid 39428323)
19. Deeter, M. N., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., and Drummond, J. R.: Sensitivity of MOPITT observations to carbon monoxide in the lower troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24306, doi:10.1029/2007JD008929, 2007.
20. Duncan, B. N., Logan, J. A., Bey, I., Megretskaia, I. A., Yan-tosca, R. M., Novelli, P. C., Jones, N. B., and Rinsland, C. P.: Global budget of CO, 1988-1997: Source estimates and validation with a global model, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008459, 2007.
21. Duncan, B. N. and Logan, J. A.: Model analysis of the factors regulating the trends and variability of carbon monoxide between 1988 and 1997, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7389-7403, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/7389/2008/.
22. Edwards, D. P., Emmons, L. K., Gille, J. C., Chu, A., Attie, J.-L., Giglio, L., Wood, S. W., Haywood, J., Deeter, M. N., Massie, S. T., Ziskin, D. C., and Drummond, J. R.: Satellite-observed pollution from Southern Hemisphere biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14312, doi:10.1029/2005JD006655, 2006a. (Pubitemid 46055364)
23. Edwards, D. P., Petron, G., Novelli, P. C., Emmons, L. K., Gille, J. C., and Drummond, J. R.: Southern Hemisphere carbon monoxide interannual variability observed by Terra/Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16303, doi:10.1029/2006JD007079, 2006b. (Pubitemid 46290741)
24. Emmons, L. K., Deeter, M. N., Gille, J. C., Edwards, D. P., Attie, J. L., Warner, J., Ziskin, D., Francis, G., Khattatov, B., Yudin, V., Lamarque, J. F., Ho, S. P., Mao, D., Chen, J. S., Drum-mond, J., Novelli, P., Sachse, G., Coffey, M. T., Hannigan, J. W., Gerbig, C., Kawakami, S., Kondo, Y., Takegawa, N., Schlager, H., Baehr, J., and Ziereis, H.: Validation of Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO retrievals with aircraft in situ profiles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D03309, doi:10.1029/2003JD004101, 2004.
25. Emmons, L. K., Pfister, G. G., Edwards, D. P., Gille, J. C., Sachse, G., Blake, D., Wofsy, S., Gerbig, C., Matross, D., and Nedelec, P.: Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) validation exercises during summer 2004 field campaigns over North America, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S02, doi:10.1029/2006JD007833, 2007. (Pubitemid 47241659)
26. Emmons, L. K., Edwards, D. P., Deeter, M. N., Gille, J. C., Campos, T., Nédélec, P., Novelli, P., and Sachse, G.: Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) validation through 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1795-1803, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1795/2009/.
27. Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schultz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., et al., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
28. Fortems-Cheiney, A., Chevallier, F., Pison, I., Bousquet, P., Carouge, C., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.-F., George, M., Hurtmans, D., and Szopa, S.: On the capability of IASI measurements to inform about CO surface emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8735-8743, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/8735/2009/.
29. George, M., Clerbaux, C., Hurtmans, D., Turquety, S., Coheur, P.-F., Pommier, M., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Edwards, D. P., Worden, H., Luo, M., Rinsland, C., and McMillan, W.: Carbon monoxide distributions from the IASI/METOP mission: evaluation with other space-borne remote sensors, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8317-8330, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/8317/2009/.
30. 4 and CO total columns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2369-2383, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/2369/2005/.
31. 4 total column retrievals from SCIAMACHY 2.3μ m spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3999-4017, 2008, http://www.atmos- chem-phys.net/8/3999/2008/.
32. Goldstein, A. H., Millet, D. B., McKay, M., Jaegle, L., Horowitz, L., Cooper, O., Hudman, R., Jacob, D. J., Oltmans, S., and Clark, A.: Impact of Asian emissions on observations at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S17, doi:10.1029/2003JD004406, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318589)
33. Han, S., Kondo, Y., Oshima, N., Takegawa, N., Miyazaki, Y., Hu, M., Lin, P., Deng, Z., Zhao, Y., Sugimoto, N., and Wu, Y.: Temporal variations of elemental carbon in Beijing, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D23202, doi:10.1029/ 2009JD012027, 2009.
34. Heald, C. L., Daniel, J. J., Arlene, M. F., Louisa, K. E., John, C. G., Merritt, N. D., Juying, W., David, P. E., James, H. C., Amy, J. H., Glen, W. S., Edward, V. B., Melody, A. A., Stephanie, A. V., David, J. W., Donald, R. B., Hanwant, B. S., Scott, T. S., Robert, W. T., and Fuelberg, H. E.: Asian outflow and transPacific transport of carbon monoxide and ozone pollution: An integrated satellite, aircraft, and model perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4804, doi:10.1029/2003JD003507, 2003a.
35. Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Palmer, P. I., Evans, M. J., Sachse, G. W., Singh, H. B., and Blake, D. R.: Biomass burning emission inventory with daily resolution: Application to aircraft observations of Asian outflow, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), doi:10.1029/2002JD003082, 2003b.
36. Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Jones, D. B. A., Palmer, P. I., Logan, J. A., Streets, D. G., Sachse, G. W., Gille, J. C., Hoffman, R. N., and Nehrkorn, T.: Comparative inverse analysis of satellite (MO-PITT) and aircraft (TRACE-P) observations to estimate Asian sources of carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S04, doi:10.1029/2004JD005185, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318571)
37. Henze, D. K., Hakami, A., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Development of the adjoint of GEOS-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2413-2433, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/7/2413/2007/.
38. Hudman, R. C., Murray, L. T., Jacob, D. J., Millet, D. B., Tur-quety, S., Wu, S., Blake, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., Holloway, J., and Sachse, G. W.: Biogenic versus anthropogenic sources of CO in the United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04801, doi:10.1029/2007GL032393, 2008. (Pubitemid 351721434)
39. Jacob, D. J., Crawford, J. H., Kleb, M. M., Connors, V. S., Bendura, R. J., Raper, J. L., Sachse, G. W., Gille, J. C., Emmons, L., and Heald, C. L.: Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission: Design, execution, and first results, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 9000, doi:10.1029/2002JD003276, 2003. (Pubitemid 350187705)
40. Kahn, R. A., Chen, Y., Nelson, D. L., Leung, F. Y., Li, Q., Diner, D. J., and Logan, J. A.: Wildfire smoke injection heights-Two perspectives from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04809, doi:10.1029/2007GL032165, 2008. (Pubitemid 351721442)
41. Kar, J., Jones, D. B. A., Drummond, J. R., Attie, J. L., Liu, J., Zou, J., Nichitiu, F., Seymour, M. D., Edward, D. P., Deeter, M. N., Gille, J. C., and Richter, A.: Measurement of low-altitude CO over the Indian subcontinent by MOPITT, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16307, doi:2007JD009362, 2008.
42. Kasibhatla, P., Arellano, A., Logan, J. A., Palmer, P. I., and Novelli, P.: Top-down estimate of a large source of atmospheric carbon monoxide associated with fuel combustion in Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(19), 1900, doi:10.1029/2002GL015581, 2002.
43. Khlystova, I., Buchwitz, M., Burrows, J. P., Bovensmann, H., and Fowler, D.: Carbon monoxide spatial gradients over source regions as observed by SCIAMACHY: A case study for the United Kingdom, Adv. Space Res., 43, 923-929, 2009.
44. Kopacz, M., Jacob, D. J., Henze, D. K., Heald, C. L., Streets, D. G., and Zhang, Q.: Comparison of adjoint and analytical Bayesian inversion methods for constraining Asian sources of carbon monoxide using satellite (MOPITT) measurements of CO columns, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04305, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD009264, 2009.
45. Kuhns, H., Green, M., and Etyemezian, V.: Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study Emissions Inventory, Report prepared for BRAVO Steering Committee, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada 2003.
46. Liang, Q., Jaegle, L., Jaffe, D. A., Weiss-Penzias, P., Heckman, A., and Snow, J. A.: Long-range transport of Asian pollution to the northeast Pacific: Seasonal variations and transport pathways of carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S07, doi:10.1029/2003JD004402, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318579)
47. Logan, J. A., Prather, M. J., Wofsy, S. C., and McElroy, M. B.: Tro-pospheric Chemistry: A Global Perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 86(C8), 7210-7254, 1981.
48. Lopez, J. P., Luo, M., Christensen, L. E., Loewenstein, M., Jost, H., Webster, C. R., and Osterman, G.: TES carbon monoxide validation during two AVE campaigns using the Argus and ALIAS instruments on NASA's WB-57F, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D16S47, doi:10.1029/2007JD008811, 2008.
49. Luo, M., Rinsland, C. P., Fisher, B. M., Sachse, G., Diskin, G., Logan, J. A., Worden, H. M., Kulawik, S. S., Osterman, G., Eldering, A., Herman, R., and Shephard, M. W.: TES carbon monoxide validation with DACOM aircraft measurements during INTEX-B 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S48, doi:10.1029/2007JD008803, 2007a.
50. Luo, M., Rinsland, C. P., Rodgers, C. D., Logan, J. A., Wor-den, H., Kulawik, S., Eldering, A., Goldman, A., Shephard, M. W., Gunson, M., and Lampel, M. C.: Comparison of carbon monoxide measurements by TES and MOPITT: Influence of a priori data and instrument characteristics on nadir atmospheric species retrievals, J. Geophys. Res., 112 D09303, doi:10.1029/2006JD007663, 2007b. (Pubitemid 47009862)
51. McMillan, W. W., Barnet, C., Strow, L., Chahine, M. T., McCourt, M. L., Warner, J. X., Novelli, P. C., Korontzi, S., Maddy, E. S., and Datta, S.: Daily global maps of carbon monoxide from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11801, doi:10.1029/2004GL021821, 2005. (Pubitemid 41174840)
52. McMillan, W. W., Warner, J. X., McCourt Comer, M., Maddy, E., Chu, A., Sparling, L., Eloranta, E., Hoff, R., Sachse, G., Barnet, C., Razenkov, I., and Wolf, W.: AIRS views transport from 12 to 22 July 2004 Alaskan/Canadian fires: Correlation of AIRS CO and MODIS AOD with forward trajectories and comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with DC-8 in situ measurements during INTEX-A/ICARTT, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20301, doi:10.1029/2007JD009711, 2008.
53. McMillan, W. W., Evans, K., Barnet, C., Maddy, E., Sachse, G., and Diskin, G.: AIRS Version 5 CO retrieval: Algorithm description and validation, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, submitted, 2010.
54. Miller, S. M., Matross, D. M., Andrews, A. E., Millet, D. B., Longo, M., Gottlieb, E. W., Hirsch, A. I., Gerbig, C., Lin, J. C., Daube, B. C., Hudman, R. C., Dias, P. L. S., Chow, V. Y., and Wofsy, S. C.: Sources of carbon monoxide and formaldehyde in North America determined from high-resolution atmospheric data, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7673-7696, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/ 7673/2008/.
55. Nedelec, P., Cammas, J.-P., Thouret, V., Athier, G., Cousin, J.-M., Legrand, C., Abonnel, C., Lecoeur, F., Cayez, G., and Marizy, C.: An improved infrared carbon monoxide analyser for routine measurements aboard commercial Airbus aircraft: technical validation and first scientific results of the MOZAIC III programme, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1551-1564, 2003, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/3/1551/2003/.
56. Novelli, P. C., Masarie, K. A., Lang, P. M., Hall, B. D., Myers, R. C., and Elkins, J. W.: Reanalysis of tropospheric CO trends: Effects of the 1997-1998 wildfires, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D15), 4464, doi:10.1029/2002JD003031, 2003.
57. ?developed in the framework of EDGAR/GEIA, Chemosphere: Global Change Science, 1, 1-17, 1999.
58. Olivier, J. G. J. and Berdowski, J. J. M.: Global emissions sources and sinks, in: The Climate System, edited by: Berdowski, J. J. M., Guicherit, R., Heij, B. J., et al., A.A. Balkema Publish-ers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands, 33-78, 2001.
59. Olsen, E. T.: AIRS/AMSU/HSB Version 5 Level 2 Product Levels, Layers and Trapezoids, edited, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 2007.
60. Osterman, G. (Ed.), Bowman, K. W., Cady-Pereira, K., Clough, T., Eldering, A., Fisher, B., Herman, R., Jacob, D., Jourdain, L., Ku-lawik, S., Lampel, M., Li, Q., Logan, J., Luo, M., Megretskaia, I., Nassar, R., Paradise, S., Payne, V., Revercomb, H., Richards, N., Shephard, M., Tobin, D., Turquety, S., Vilnrotten, F., Wor-den, H., Worden, J., and Zhang, L.: TES Data Validation Report (Version F03 03 data), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), USA, D-33192, Version 2.0, 2007.
61. Palmer, P. I., Jacob, D. J., Jones, D. B. A., Heald, C. L., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Sachse, G. W., and Streets, D. G.: Inverting for emissions of carbon monoxide from Asia using aircraft observations over the western Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 4180, doi:10.1029/2003JD003397, 2003.
62. 2:CO correlations to improve inverse analyses of carbon fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12318, doi:10.1029/2005JD006697, 2006. (Pubitemid 44687657)
63. Park, R. J., Jacob, D. J., Field, B. D., Yantosca, R. M., and Chin, M.: Natural and transboundary pollution influences on sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosols in the United States: Implications for policy, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15204, doi:10.1029/2003JD004473, 2004.
64. Parrish, D. D.: Critical evaluation of US on-road vehicle emission inventories, Atmos. Environ., 40(13), 2288-2300, 2006.
65. Pétron, G., Granier, C., Khattatov, B., Lamarque, J. F., Yudin, V., Muller, J. F., and Gille, J.: Inverse modeling of carbon monoxide surface emissions using Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory network observations, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4761, doi:10.1029/2001/JD001305, 2002.
66. Pétron, G., Granier, C., Khattatov, B., Yudin, V., Lamar-que, J. F., Emmons, L., Gille, J., and Edwards, D. P.: Monthly CO surface sources inventory based on the 2000-2001 MOPITT satellite data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21107, doi:10.1029/2004GL020560, 2004. (Pubitemid 40190936)
67. Pfister, G., Hess, P. G., Emmons, L. K., Lamarque, J. F., Wiedin-myer, C., Edwards, D. P., Petron, G., Gille, J. C., and Sachse, G. W.: Quantifying CO emissions from the 2004 Alaskan wildfires using MOPITT CO data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11809, doi:10.1029/2005GL022995, 2005. (Pubitemid 41174848)
68. Prather, D. E. M.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Greenhouse Gases, in: Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, edited by: Joos, F. and McFarland, M., IPCC, 239-288, 2001.
69. Prinn, R. G., Huang, J., Weiss, R. F., Cunnold, D. M., Fraser, P. J., Simmonds, P. G., McCulloch, A., Harth, C., Reimann, S., Salameh, P., O'Doherty, S., Wang, R. H. J., Porter, L. W., Miller, B.R., and Krummel, P. B.: Evidence for variability of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals over the past quarter century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07809, doi:10.1029/2004GL022228, 2005. (Pubitemid 40959022)
70. Rinsland, C. P., Luo, M., Logan, J. A., Beer, R., Worden, H. M., Kulawik, S. S., Rider, D., Osterman, G., Gunson, M., Eldering, A., Goldman, A., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., Rodgers, C., Lampel, M. C., and Chiou, L.: Nadir measurements of carbon monoxide distributions by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer instrument onboard the Aura Spacecraft: Overview of analysis approach and examples of initial results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L22806, doi:10.1029/2006GL027000, 2006. (Pubitemid 47386174)
71. Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Tokyo, 2000.
72. Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi, G., Stevenson, D. S., Krol, M. C., Emmons, L. K., Lamarque, J. F., Petron, G., Dentener, F. J., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., Wild, O., Amann, M., Atherton, C.S., Bergmann, D. J., Bey, I., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G., Doherty, R. M., Drevet, J., Eskes, H. J., Fiore, A. M., Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Horowitz, L. W., Isaksen, I. S. A., Lawrence, M. G., Montanaro, V., Muller, J. F., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J., Pyle, J. A., Rast, S., Rodriguez, J. M., Sander son, M. G., Savage, N. H., Strahan, S. E., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Unger, N., van Noije, T. P. C., and Zeng, G.: Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D08302, doi:10.1029/2006JD007100, 2006. (Pubitemid 47272014)
73. Spivakovsky, C. M., Logan, J. A., Montzka, S. A., Balkanski, Y. J., Foreman-Fowler, M., Jones, D. B. A., Horowitz, L. W., Bren-ninkmeijer, C. A. M., Prather, M. J., Wofsy, S. C., and McElroy, M. B.: Three dimensional climatological distribution of tropo-spheric OH: update and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D7), 8931-8980, 2000.
74. Stavrakou, T., and Müller, J. F.: Grid-based versus big region approach for inverting CO emissions using Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15304, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD006896, 2006. (Pubitemid 46029009)
75. Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., He, K., Hao, J., Wu, Y., Tang, Y., and Carmichael, G. R.: Revisiting China's CO emissions after Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P): Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14306, doi:10.1029/2006JD007118, 2006. (Pubitemid 46055358)
76. Susskind, J., Barnet, C. D., and Blaisdell, J. M.: Retrieval of atmospheric and surface parameters from AIRS/AMSU/HSB data in the presence of clouds, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote., 41(2), 390-409, 2003.
77. Susskind, J., Blaisdell, J. M., Iredell, L., and Keita, F.: Improved temperature sounding and quality control methodology using AIRS/AMSU data: the AIRS Science Team Version 5 retrieval algorithm, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, submitted, 2010.
78. Tangborn, A., Stajner, I., Buchwitz, M., Khlystova, I., Pawson, S., Burrows, J., Hudman, R., and Nedelec, P.: Assimilation of SCIAMACHY total column CO observations: Global and regional analysis of data impact, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D07307, doi:10.1029/2008JD010781, 2009.
79. Turquety, S., Logan, J. A., Jacob, D. J., Hudman, R. C., Leung, F. Y., Heald, C. L., Yantosca, R. M., Wu, S., Emmons, L. K., Edward, D. P., and Sachse, G. W.: Inventory of boreal fire emissions for North America in 2004: Importance of peat burning and pyroconvective injection, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S03, doi:10.1029/2006JD007281, 2007. (Pubitemid 47241660)
80. Turquety, S., Clerbaux, C., Law, K., Coheur, P.-F., Cozic, A., Szopa, S., Hauglustaine, D. A., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Gloudemans, A. M. S., Schrijver, H., Boone, C. D., Bernath, P. F., and Edwards, D. P.: CO emission and export from Asia: an analysis combining complementary satellite measurements (MOPITT, SCIA-MACHY and ACE-FTS) with global modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5187-5204, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/5187/2008/.
81. Turquety, S., Hurtmans, D., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Coheur, P.-F., Cler-baux, C., Josset, D., and Tsamalis, C.: Tracking the emission and transport of pollution from wildfires using the IASI CO retrievals: analysis of the summer 2007 Greek fires, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4897-4913, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/9/4897/2009/.
82. Val Martin, M., Logan, J. A., Kahn, D., Leung, F. Y., Nelson, D., and Diner, D.: Smoke injection heights from fires in North America: analysis of 5 years of satellite observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 20515-20566, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/20515/2009/.
83. van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. J., Kasibhatla, P. S., and Arellano Jr., A. F.: Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3423-3441, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/3423/2006/. (Pubitemid 44272961)
84. van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Leaitch, W. R., Macdonald, A. M., Walker, T. W., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Dunlea, E. J., Jimenez, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Huey, L. G., Weber, R., and Andreae, M. O.: Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2999-3014, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/2999/ 2008/.
85. Vestreng, V. and Klein, H.: Emission data reported to UN-ECE/EMEP. Quality assurance and trend analysis and Presentation of WebDab, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, MSC-W Status Report, 2002.
86. Warneke, C., Bahreini, R., Brioude, J., Brock, C. A., de Gouw, J. A., Fahey, D. W., Froyd, K. D., Holloway, J. S., Middlebrook, A., Miller, L., Montzka, S., Murphy, D. M., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., and Veres, P.: Biomass burning in Siberia and Kazakhstan as an important source for haze over the Alaskan Arctic in April 2008, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02813, doi:10.1029/2008gl036194, 2009.
87. Warner, J., McCourt Comer, M., Barnet, C. D., McMillan, W. W., Wolf, W., Maddy, E., and G. Sachse, G.: A comparison of satellite tropospheric carbon monoxide measurements from AIRS and MOPITT during INTEX-A, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S17, doi:10.1029/2006JD007925, 2007. (Pubitemid 47241671)
88. Weiss-Penzias, P., Jaffe, D. A., Jaegle, L., and Liang, Q.: Influence of long-range-transported pollution in the annual and diurnal cycles of carbon monoxide and ozone at Cheeka Peak Observatory, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S14, doi:10.1029/2004JD004505, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318586)
89. Wenzel, T., Singer, B. C., and Slott, R. S.: Some issues in the statistical analysis of vehicle emissions, J. Transport. Stat., 3, 1-4, 2000.
90. Yumimoto, K. and Uno, I.: Adjoint inverse modeling of CO emissions over Eastern Asia using four-dimensional variational data assimilation, Atmos. Environ., 40(35), 6836-6845, 2006. (Pubitemid 46550281)
91. Yurganov, L. N., McMillan, W. W., Dzhola, A. V., Grechko, E. I., Johnes, N. B., and van der Werf, G. R.: Global AIRS and MO-PITT CO measurements: Validation, comparison, and links to biomass burning variations and carbon cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D09301, doi:10.1029/2007JD009229, 2008.
92. Yurganov, L. N., McMillan, W. W., Wilson, C., Fischer, M., and Biraud, S.: Carbon monoxide mixing ratios over Oklahoma between 2002 and 2009 retrieved from Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., submitted, 2010.
93. Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Bowman, K. W., Logan, J. A., Turquety, S., Hudman, R. C., Li, Q. B., Beer, R., Worden, H. M., Worden, J. R., Rinsland, C. P., Kulawik, S. S., Lampel, M. C., Shephard, M. W., Fisher, B. M., Eldering, A., and Avery, M. A.: Ozone-CO correlations determined by the TES satellite instrument in continental outflow regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18804, doi:10.1029/2006GL026399, 2006. (Pubitemid 351147935)
94. Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Boersma, K. F., Jaffe, D. A., Olson, J. R., Bowman, K. W., Worden, J. R., Thompson, A. M., Avery, M. A., Cohen, R. C., Dibb, J. E., Flock, F. M., Fuelberg, H. E., Huey, L. G., McMillan, W. W., Singh, H. B., and Weinheimer, A. J.: Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6117-6136, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/8/6117/2008/.
95. Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A., Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y., Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5131-5153, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/9/5131/2009/.