Towards a one percent measurement of frame dragging by spin with satellite laser ranging to LAGEOS, LAGEOS 2 and LARES and GRACE gravity models

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 148, Issue 1-4, 2009, Pages 71-104

  Ciufolini, Ignazio ^a   Paolozzi, Antonio ^b   Pavlis, Erricos C ^c   Ries, John C ^d   Koenig, Rolf ^e   Matzner, Richard A ^f   Sindoni, Giampiero ^b   Neumayer, Hans ^e  

^a INFN SEZIONE DI LECCE   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY   (United States)

^d The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^e GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Frame dragging; General Relativity; Gravitomagnetism; Lense Thirring effect

Indexed keywords

ACCURATE MEASUREMENT; DIRECT DETECTION; EARTH'S GRAVITY; EINSTEIN'S THEORY; ERROR BUDGETS; FRAME-DRAGGING; GENERAL RELATIVITY; GRAVITATIONAL WAVES; GRAVITOMAGNETIC FIELD; GRAVITOMAGNETISM; GRAVITY MODEL; ITALIAN SPACE AGENCY; LENSE-THIRRING EFFECT; LUNAR LASER RANGING; SATELLITE LASER RANGING;

GEODETIC SATELLITES; GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS; LUNAR SURFACE ANALYSIS; RELATIVITY; SPIN DYNAMICS;

SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS;

EID: 75749120549     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: 15729672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-009-9585-7     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. J.I. Andrès, et al. 2004 Spin axis behavior of the LAGEOS satellites J. Geophys. Res. 109 B06403-1-12 10.1029/2003JB002692 (Pubitemid 39306327)
2. N. Ashby B. Shahid-Saless 1990 Geodetic precession or dragging of inertial frames? Phys. Rev. D 42 1118 1122 10.1103/PhysRevD.42.1118 1990PhRvD..42.1118A
3. B.M. Barker R.F. O'Connel 1979 The gravitational interaction: Spin, rotation, and quantum effects - A review Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 11 149 175 10.1007/BF00756587 1979GReGr..11..149B
4. P.L. Bender, et al. 1973 The lunar laser ranging experiment Science 182 229 238 10.1126/science.182.4109.229 1973Sci...182..229B
5. B. Bertotti I. Ciufolini P.L. Bender 1987 New test of general relativity: measurement of de Sitter geodetic precession rate for lunar perigee Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 1062 1065 10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.1062 884847 1987PhRvL..58.1062B
6. P.E. Ciddor 1996 Refractive index of air: New equations for the visible and near infrared Appl. Opt. 35 9 1566 1573 10.1364/AO.35.001566 1996ApOpt..35.1566C
7. I. Ciufolini, Theory and experiments in General Relativity and other metric theories, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Texas, Austin, Pub. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1984
8. I. Ciufolini 1986 Measurement of the Lense-Thirring drag on high-altitude laser-ranged artificial satellites Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 278 281 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.278 1986PhRvL..56..278C
9. I. Ciufolini 1989 A comprehensive introduction to the Lageos gravitomagnetic experiment: from the importance of the gravitomagnetic field in physics to preliminary error analysis and error budget Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 4 3083 3145 10.1142/S0217751X89001266 1989IJMPA...4.3083C see also Tapley et al. (1989)
10. I. Ciufolini 1994 Gravitomagnetism and status of the LAGEOS III experiment Class. Quantum Gravity 11 A73 A81 10.1088/0264-9381/11/6A/006 1994CQGra..11A..73C
11. I. Ciufolini 1996 On a new method to measure the gravitomagnetic field using two orbiting satellites Nuovo Cim. A 109 1709 1720 10.1007/BF02773551 1996NCimA.109.1709C
12. I. Ciufolini 2000 The 1995-99 measurements of the Lense-Thirring effect using laser-ranged satellites Class. Quantum Gravity 17 2369 2380 10.1088/0264-9381/17/12/309 2000CQGra..17.2369C
13. I. Ciufolini, in Proceedings of the I SIGRAV School on General Relativity and Gravitation, Frascati (Rome), September 2002, IOP, Bristol (2005), pp. 27-69
14. I. Ciufolini, On the orbit of the LARES satellite (2006). arXiv:gr-qc/0609081v1
15. I. Ciufolini 2007 Dragging of inertial frames Nature 449 41 48 10.1038/nature06071 2007Natur.449...41C (Pubitemid 47373769)
16. I. Ciufolini, A. Paolozzi, G. Sindoni, E.C. Pavlis, A. Gabrielli, Scientific Aspects of LARES mission, Proc. International Astronautical Congress 09.B4.2.9, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 12-16 October 2009 (2009a)
17. I. Ciufolini 2009b Frame-dragging, gravitomagnetism and lunar laser ranging New Astron. 10.1016/j.newast.2009.08.004
18. I. Ciufolini E.C. Pavlis 2004 A confirmation of the general relativistic prediction of the Lense-Thirring effect Nature 431 958 960 10.1038/nature03007 2004Natur.431..958C (Pubitemid 39434411)
19. I. Ciufolini E.C. Pavlis 2005 On the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect using the nodes of the LAGEOS satellites, in reply to "On the reliability of the so-far performed tests for measuring the Lense-Thirring effect with the LAGEOS satellites" by L. Iorio New Astron. 10 8 636 651 10.1016/j.newast.2005.04.003 2005NewA...10..636C (Pubitemid 41068450)
20. I. Ciufolini, J.A. Wheeler, Gravitation and Inertia (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1995)
21. I. Ciufolini et al., ASI-NASA Study on LAGEOS III, CNR, Rome, Italy, 1989
22. I. Ciufolini, et al. 1990 Effect of particle drag on the LAGEOS node and measurement of the gravitomagnetic field Nuovo Cim. B 105 573 588 10.1007/BF02722885 1990NCimB.105..573C
23. I. Ciufolini F. Chieppa D. Lucchesi F. Vespe 1997 Test of Lense-Thirring orbital shift due to spin Class. Quantum Gravity 14 2701 2726 10.1088/0264-9381/14/10/003 1476540 1997CQGra..14.2701C (Pubitemid 127130708)
24. I. Ciufolini D. Lucchesi F. Vespe F. Chieppa 1997 Measurement of gravitomagnetism Europhys. Lett. 39 359 364 10.1209/epl/i1997-00362-7 1997EL.....39..359C
25. I. Ciufolini, A. Paolozzi et al., LARES phase. A study for the Italian Space Agency, 1998a
26. I. Ciufolini E.C. Pavlis F. Chieppa E. Fernandes-Vieira J. Perez-Mercader 1998 Test of general relativity and measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect with two Earth satellites Science 279 2100 2103 10.1126/science.279.5359.2100 1998Sci...279.2100C (Pubitemid 28196352)
27. I. Ciufolini et al., Italian Space Agency Phase A Report on LARES, Italian Space Agency, ASI, Rome, 1998c
28. I. Ciufolini et al., INFN study on LARES/WEBER-SAT, 2004
29. I. Ciufolini E.C. Pavlis R. Peron 2006 Determination of frame-dragging using Earth gravity models from CHAMP and GRACE New Astron. 11 527 550 10.1016/j.newast.2006.02.001 2006NewA...11..527C (Pubitemid 43825756)
30. I. Ciufolini et al., Gravitomagnetism and its measurement with laser ranging to the LAGEOS satellites and GRACE Earth gravity models, in General Relativity and John Archibald Wheeler: Frame-Dragging, Gravitational-Waves and Gravitational Tests, ed. by I. Ciufolini, R. Matzner (Springer, Berlin, 2010a)
31. I. Ciufolini et al., The LARES space experiment: LARES orbit, error analysis and satellite structure, in General Relativity and John Archibald Wheeler: Frame-Dragging, Gravitational-Waves and Gravitational Tests, ed. by I. Ciufolini, R. Matzner (Springer, Berlin, 2010b)
32. I. Ciufolini, A. Anselmo et al., Effect of particle drag in the LARES experiment (2009c, to be published)
33. S.C. Cohen P.J. Dunn 1985 LAGEOS scientific results J. Geophys. Res. B 90 9215 9438 10.1029/JB090iB11p09215 1985JGR....90.9215C
34. L. Cugusi E. Proverbio 1978 Relativistic effects on the motion of Earth's artificial satellites Astron. Astrophys. 69 321 325 1978A&A....69..321C
35. W. Cui S.N. Zhang W. Chen 1998 Evidence for frame dragging around spinning black holes in X-ray binaries Astrophys. J. 492 L53 L58 10.1086/311092 1998ApJ...492L..53C (Pubitemid 128012760)
36. G. Felici, The meaning of systematic errors, a comment to "Reply to On the systematic errors in the Detection of the Lense-Thirring effect with a Mars orbiter", by L. Iorio (2007). arXiv:gr-qc/0703020v1
37. R.S. Gross 1996 Combinations of Earth orientation measurements: SPACE94, COMB94, and POLE94 J. Geophys. Res. 101 B4 8729 8740 10.1029/96JB00113 1996JGR...101.8729G (Pubitemid 26479709)
38. G.C. Hulley E.C. Pavlis 2007 A ray-tracing technique for improving Satellite Laser Ranging atmospheric delay corrections, including the effects of horizontal refractivity gradients J. Geophys. Res. 112 B06417-1-19 10.1029/2006JB004834 10.1029/2006JB004834 (Pubitemid 47354870)
39. International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Annual Report, 1996. Observatoire de Paris, Paris, July 1997
40. L. Iorio 2005 On the reliability of the so-far performed tests for measuring the Lense-Thirring effect with the LAGEOS satellites New Astron. 10 603 615 10.1016/j.newast.2005.01.001 2005NewA...10..603I (Pubitemid 41068448)
41. L. Iorio 2005 The impact of the new Earth gravity models on the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect with a new satellite New Astron. 10 616 635 10.1016/j.newast.2005.02.006 2005NewA...10..616I (Pubitemid 41068449)
42. L. Iorio 2006 Evidence of the gravitomagnetic field of Mars Class. Quantum Gravity 23 5451 5454 10.1088/0264-9381/23/17/N01 2006CQGra..23.5451I (Pubitemid 44235523)
43. L. Iorio, On some critical issues of the LAGEOS/LAGEOS II Lense-Thirring experiment (2007). arXiv:0710.1022v1 [gr-qc]
44. L. Iorio, On the impact of the atmospheric drag on the LARES mission. arXiv:0809.3564v2 (2008a); see also: arXiv:0809.3564v1
45. L. Iorio, An assessment of the systematic uncertainty in present and future tests of the Lense-Thirring effect with satellite laser ranging (2008b). arXiv:0809.1373v2 [gr-qc]
46. L. Iorio 2009 Will the recently approved LARES mission be able to measure the Lense-Thirring effect at 1%? Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 41 1717 1724 10.1007/s10714-008-0742-1 10.1007/s10714-008-0742-1 2009GReGr..41.1717I see also: arXiv:0803.3278v5 [gr-qc]
47. W.M. Kaula, Theory of Satellite Geodesy (Blaisdell, Waltham, 1966)
48. A.R. Khan R.F. O'Connell 1976 Gravitational analogue of magnetic force Nature 261 480 481 10.1038/261480a0 1976Natur.261..480K
49. S.M. Kopeikin 2007 Comment on "Gravitomagnetic Influence on Gyroscopes and on the Lunar Orbit" Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 229001-1 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.229001 2007PhRvL..98v9001K (Pubitemid 47139719)
50. K. Krogh 2007 Iorio's "high-precision measurement" of frame-dragging with the Mars Global Surveyor Class. Quantum Gravity 24 5709 5715 10.1088/0264-9381/24/22/N01 2007CQGra..24.5709K
51. D.M. Lucchesi 2001 Reassessment of the error modelling of non-gravitational perturbations on LAGEOS 2 and their impact in the Lense-Thirring determination. Part I Planet. Space Sci. 49 447 463 10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00168-9 2001P&SS...49..447L (Pubitemid 32276620)
52. D.M. Lucchesi 2002 Reassessment of the error modelling of non-gravitational perturbations on LAGEOS II and their impact in the Lense-Thirring determination. Part II Planet. Space Sci. 50 1067 1100 10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00052-1 2002P&SS...50.1067L
53. D.M. Lucchesi 2005 The impact of the even zonal harmonics secular variations on the Lense-Thirring effect measurement with the two Lageos satellites Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 14 1989 2023 10.1142/S0218271805008169 2005IJMPD..14.1989L (Pubitemid 43244230)
54. D.M. Lucchesi, A. Paolozzi, A cost effective approach for LARES satellite, in XVI AIDAA, Palermo, September 2001, pp. 1-14. Paper no. 111
55. C.F. Martin D.P. Rubincam 1996 Effects of Earth albedo on the LAGEOS I satellite J. Geophys. Res. 101 B2 3215 3226 10.1029/95JB02810 1996JGR...101.3215M (Pubitemid 26468252)
56. V.B. Mendes E.C. Pavlis 2004 High-accuracy zenith delay prediction at optical wavelengths Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 L14602-1-5 10.1029/2004GL020308 10.1029/2004GL020308 (Pubitemid 39300454)
57. V.B. Mendes G. Prates E.C. Pavlis D.E. Pavlis R.B. Langley 2002 Improved mapping functions for atmospheric re-fraction correction in SLR Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 1414-1-4 10.1029/2001GL014394 10.1029/2001GL014394
58. C.W. Misner, K.S. Thorne, J.A. Wheeler, Gravitation (Freeman, San Francisco, 1973)
59. T.W. Murphy Jr. K. Nordtvedt S.G. Turyshev 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 071102-1-4 2007PhRvL..98g1102M
60. T.W. Murphy Jr. K. Nordtvedt S.G. Turyshev 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 229002-1 2007PhRvL..98v9002M
61. R. Noomen, S. Klosko, C. Noll, M. Pearlman (eds.), Toward Millimeter Accuracy in NASA CP 2003-212248. Proc. 13th Int. Laser Ranging Workshop (NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, 2003)
62. K. Nordtvedt 1988 Existence of the gravitomagnetic interaction Int. J. Theor. Phys. 27 1395 1404 10.1007/BF00671317
63. K. Nordtvedt, LARES and tests on new long ranges forces, in LARES phase. A study for the Italian Space Agency (1998), pp. 34-38
64. R.F. O'Connell 2005 A note on frame dragging Class. Quantum Gravity 22 3815 3816 10.1088/0264-9381/22/17/N01 2168557 2005CQGra..22.3815O (Pubitemid 41240266)
65. A. Paolozzi, private communication (2005)
66. E.C. Pavlis, Geodetic contributions to gravitational experiments in space, in Recent Developments in General Relativity, ed. by R. Cianci et al., Genoa, 2000 (Springer, Berlin), pp. 217-233
67. D.E. Pavlis et al., GEODYN Operations Manuals, Contractor Report, Raytheon, ITSS, Landover, MD, 1998
68. G.E. Peterson, Estimation of the Lense-Thirring precession using laser-ranged satellites, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Texas, Austin, 1997
69. Ch. Reigber, F. Flechtner, R. Koenig, U. Meyer, K. Neumayer, R. Schmidt, P. Schwintzer, S. Zhu, GRACE orbit and gravity field recovery at GFZ Potsdam - - first experiences and perspectives. Eos. Trans. AGU 83(47) (2002). Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G12B-03
70. C. Reigber R. Schmidt F. Flechtner R. Konig U. Meyer K.H. Neumayer P. Schwintzer S.Y. Zhu 2005 J. Geodyn. 39 1 10 10.1016/j.jog.2004.07.001 (Pubitemid 40058714)
71. J.C. Ries, private communication (2005)
72. J.C. Ries, Simulation of an experiment to measure the Lense-Thirring precession using a second LAGEOS satellite, Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin, 1989
73. J.C. Ries, R.J. Eanes, B.D. Tapley, Lense-Thirring precession determination from laser ranging to artificial satellites, in Nonlinear Gravitodynamics, the Lense-Thirring Effect, Proc. III William Fairbank Meeting (World Scientific, Singapore, 2003a), pp. 201-211
74. J.C. Ries, R.J. Eanes, B.D. Tapley, G.E. Peterson, Prospects for an improved Lense-Thirring test with SLR and the GRACE gravity mission, in Toward Millimeter Accuracy, Proc. 13th Int. Laser Ranging Workshop, Report NASA CP 2003-212248, NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, Maryland, 2003b
75. J.C. Ries, R.J. Eanes, M.M. Watkins, Confirming the frame-dragging effect with satellite laser ranging, in 16th International Workshop on Laser Ranging, Poznan, Poland, 13-17 October 2008
76. D.P. Rubincam 1977 General relativity and satellite orbits: the motion of a test particle in the Schwarzschild metric Celest. Mech. 15 21 33 10.1007/BF01229045 1977CeMec..15...21R
77. D.P. Rubincam 1988 Yarkovsky Thermal Drag on LAGEOS J. Geophys. Res. 93 B11 13805 13810 10.1029/JB093iB11p13805 1988JGR....9313805R
78. D.P. Rubincam 1990 Drag on the LAGEOS satellite J. Geophys. Res. B 95 4881 4886 10.1029/JB095iB04p04881 1990JGR....95.4881R
79. D.P. Rubincam A. Mallama 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 B10 20285 20990 10.1029/95JB02278 1995JGR...10020285R
80. C. Schmid 2006 Cosmological gravitomagnetism and Mach's principle Phys. Rev. D 74 044031-1-18 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.044031 2006PhRvD..74d4031S (Pubitemid 44300864)
81. G. Sindoni, C. Paris, P. Ialongo, On the systematic errors in the detection of the Lense-Thirring effect with a Mars orbiter (2007). arXiv:gr-qc/0701141
82. I.H. Stairs S.E. Thorsett Z. Arzoumanian 2004 Measurement of gravitational spin-orbit coupling in a binary-pulsar system Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 141101-1-4 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.141101 2004PhRvL..93n1101S
83. B.D. Tapley, The GRACE mission: status and performance assessment. Eos. Trans. AGU 83(47) (2002). Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G12B-01
84. B.D. Tapley, J.C. Ries, R.J. Eanes, M.M. Watkins, NASA-ASI Study on LAGEOS III, CSR-UT publication n. CSR-89-3, Austin, Texas, 1989
85. B.D. Tapley S. Bettadpur M. Watkins C. Reigber 2004 The gravity recovery and climate experiment: Mission overview and early results Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 L09607-1-4 10.1029/2004GL019920 (Pubitemid 39026633)
86. B.D. Tapley, J. Ries, S. Bettadpur, D. Chambers, M. Cheng, F. Condi, S. Poole, The GGM03 mean Earth gravity model from GRACE, Eos Trans. AGU 88(52) (2007). Fall Meet.Suppl., Abstract G42A-03
87. K.S. Thorne, R.H. Price, D.A. Macdonald, The Membrane Paradigm (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 1986)
88. R.A. Van Patten C.W.F. Everitt 1976 Possible experiment with two counter-orbiting drag-free satellites to obtain a new test of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and improved measurements in geodesy Phys. Rev. Lett. 36 629 632 10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.629 1976PhRvL..36..629V
89. M. Watkins, D. Yuan, W. Bertiger, G. Kruizinga, L. Romans, S. Wu, GRACE gravity field results from JPL. Eos. Trans. AGU 83(47) (2002). Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract G12B-02
90. S. Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (Wiley, New York, 1972)
91. J.M. Weisberg J.H. Taylor 2002 General relativistic geodetic spin precession in binary pulsar B1913+16: mapping the emission beam in two dimensions Astrophys. J. 576 942 949 10.1086/341803 2002ApJ...576..942W (Pubitemid 37094975)
92. J.G. Williams X.X. Newhall J.O. Dickey 1996 Relativity parameters determined from lunar laser ranging Phys. Rev. D 53 6730 6739 10.1103/PhysRevD.53.6730 1996PhRvD..53.6730W
93. J.G. Williams S.G. Turyshev D.H. Boggs 2004 Progress in lunar laser ranging tests of relativistic gravity Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 261101-1-4 2004PhRvL..93z1101W
94. J.G. Williams S.G. Turyshev T.W. Murphy Jr. 2004 Improving LLR tests of gravitational theory Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 13 567 582 10.1142/S0218271804004682 2004IJMPD..13..567W (Pubitemid 40262530)
95. H. Yilmaz 1959 Proposed test of the nature of gravitational interaction Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 4 65