Gender and poverty in South Africa in the Era of HIV/AIDS: A quantitative study

Journal of Women's Health

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 39-46

  Shisana, Olive ^a   Rice, Kathleen ^b   Zungu, Nompumelelo ^a   Zuma, Khangelani ^a  

^a HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

^b ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POVERTY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS; SOUTH AFRICA;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; EVALUATION STUDIES AS TOPIC; FEMALE; FINANCING, PERSONAL; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; ODDS RATIO; POVERTY; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SOUTH AFRICA; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 75749105461     PISSN: 15409996     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1200     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Gilbert L, Walker L. Treading the path of least resistance: HIV/AIDS and social inequalities-A South African case study. Soc Sci Med 2002;54:1093-1110.
2. Hallman, K. Gendered Socio-economic conditions and HIV risk behaviours among young people in South Africa. Afr J AIDS Res 2005;4:37-50.
3. Buvini M, Gupta GR. Female-headed households and female-maintained families: Are they worth targeting to reduce poverty in developing countries? Econ Dev Cult Change 1997;45:259-280.
4. Gregson S, Nyamukapa CA, Garnett GP, et al. Sexual mixing patterns and age differentials in teenage exposure to HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe. Lancet 2002;359:1896-1903.
5. Mabala R. From HIV prevention to HIV protection: Addressing the vulnerability of girls and young women in urban areas. Environ Urban 2006;18:407-432.
6. Obi CL, Onabolu B, Momba MNB, et al. The interesting cross-paths of HIV/AIDS and water in Southern Africa with special reference to South Africa. Water SA 2006;32:323-343.
7. Pettifor AE, Measham DM, Rees HV, Padian NS. Sexual power and HIV risk, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1996-2004.
8. Stillwaggon E. AIDS and the ecology of poverty. London: Oxford University Press, 2006.
9. Bakilana A. Age at sexual debut in South Africa. Afr J AIDS Res 2005;4:1-6.
10. Hunter M. The materiality of everyday sex: Thinking beyond "prostitution." Afr Stud 2002;61:99-120.
11. Hunter M. The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: The significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2007;64:689-700.
12. Montgomery CM, Hosegood V, Busza J, Timaeus IM. Men's involvement in the South African family: Engendering change in the AIDS era. Soc Sci Med 2006;62:2411-2419.
13. Preston-Whyte EM. Women who are not married: Fertility, "illegitimacy," and the nature of households and domestic groups among single African women in Durban. S Afr Tydskr Sosiol 2002;24:63-71.
14. Smit R. The changing role of the husband/father in the dualearner family in South Africa. J Comp Fam Stud 2002;33: 401-415.
15. Barros R, Fox L, Mendonca R. Female-headed household, poverty and the welfare of children in urban Brazil. Econ Dev Cult Change 1997;45:231-257. (Pubitemid 27466267)
16. Goldberg GS, Cremen E. The feminization of poverty: Only in America? New York: Praeger, 1990.
17. Katapa RS. A comparison of female and male-headed households in Tanzania and poverty implications. J Biosoc Sci 2006;38:327-339.
18. van Vuuren A. Female headed households: Their survival strategies in Tanzania Leiden: African Studies Centre, ASC Working Paper No. 44, 2002.
19. International Fund for Agricultural Development. Botswana- Female headed households. Available at www.ifad.org/ gender/learning/challenges/women/bt-6- 2htm Accessed April 5, 2009.
20. Booysen FLR, Summerton J. Poverty, risky sexual behaviour, and vulnerability to HIV infection: Evidence from South Africa. J Health Popul Nutr 2002;20:285-288.
21. Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Jooste S, Cherry C, Caim D. Poverty-related stressors and HIV/AIDS transmission risks in two South African communities. J Urban Health 2005;82: 237-249.
22. David AM, Mercado SP, Becker D, Edmundo K, Mugisha F. The prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, TB, and vectorborne diseases in informal settlements: Challenges, opportunities, and insights. J Urban Health 2007;84:i66-i74.
23. Masanjala W. The poverty-HIV/AIDS nexus in Africa: A livelihood approach. Soc Sci Med 2007;64:1032-1041.
24. Eaton L, Flisher AJ, Aaro LE. Unsafe sexual behavior in South African youth. Soc Sci Med 2003;56:149-165.
25. Hunter M. Cultural politics and masculinities: Multiplepartners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal. Cult Health Sex 2005;7:389-403. (Pubitemid 41014910)
26. Leclerc-Madlala S. Transactional sex and the pursuit of modernity. Soc Dyn 2003;29:1-21.
27. Morris M, Kretzschmar M. Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV/AIDS. AIDS 2007;11:641-648.
28. Selikow TA, Zulu B, Cedras E. The ingara, the regte, and the cherry: HIV/AIDS and youth culture in contemporary urban townships. Agenda 2002;53:22-32.
29. Vos T. Attitudes to sex and sexual behavior in rural Matabele-land, Zimbabwe. AIDS Care 1994;6:193-203.
30. Shisana O, Rehle T, Simbayi LC, et al. South African National HIV Prevalence, HIV Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey, 2005. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2005.
31. Gillespie SA, Kadiyala SB, Greener RC. Is poverty or wealth driving HIV transmission? AIDS 2007;21 (Suppl 7):S5-S16.
32. Greener R. HIV, growth, poverty and inequality in sub- Saharan Africa. Draft paper, UNAIDS, 2008.
33. Greener R. HIV, growth, poverty and inequality in sub- Saharan Africa. Paper presented at the World Bank conference, Cape Town, June 2008.
34. Mishra V, Assche SB, Greener R, et al. HIV infection does not disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS 2007;21 (Suppl 7):s17-s28.
35. Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Gray G E, McIntyre JA, Harlow SD. Transactional sex among women in Soweto, South Africa: Prevalence, risk factors and association with HIV infection. Soc Sci Med 2004;59:1581-1592.
36. Jewkes RK, Levin JB, Penn-Kekana LA. Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV preventative practices: Finding of South Africa cross-sectional study. Soc Sci Med 2003;56:125-134.
37. LaFraniere S. Sex abuse of girls is stubborn scourge in Africa. New York Times. December 13, 2006. Accessed July 14, 2008.
38. Zungu-Dirwayi N, Shisana O, Louw J, Dana P. Social determinants for HIV prevalence among South African educators. AIDS Care 2007;19;1296-1300.
39. Font A, Puigpinó s R, Chichango IE, Cabrero N, Borrell C. AIDS-related knowledge and behaviors in Mozambique. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2006;54:341-354.
40. Barnighausen T, Tanser F, Mbizana C, et al. High HIV incidence despite high prevalence in rural South Africa: Findings from a prospective population-based study. AIDS 2008;22:139-144.
41. Bloom DE, River Path Associates, Sevilla J. Health, wealth, AIDS, and poverty-The case of Cambodia, Asian Development Bank, 2001. Available at www.adb.org/Documents/ Reports/HW-Cambodia/HWCAM.pdf
42. Shisana O, Zungu-Dirwayi N, Toefy Y, Simbayi LC, Malik S, Zuma K.Marital status and risk of HIV infection in South Africa. S Afr Med J 2004;94:537-543.
43. Clark S. Early marriage and HIV risks in sub-Saharan Africa. Stud Fam Plann 2004;35:149-160.
44. Newmann S, Sarin P, Kumarasamy N, et al. Marriage, monogamy and HIV: A profile for HIV-infected women in South India. Int J STDs AIDS 2000;11:250-2503.
45. Hugonnet S, Mosha F, Todd J, et al. Incidence of HIV infection in stable sexual partnerships: A retrospective cohort study of 1802 couples in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;32:349-351.
46. Agot BO, Agot K, Agingu WO, Bukusi EA. Recognizing and addressing tensions between culture and HIV prevention: Lessons from a study on widow inheritance. International Conference on AIDS 2004. July 11-16;15: Abstract No. TuPpD2049.
47. Okeyo TM, Allen, AK. Influence of widow inheritance on the epidemiology of AIDS in Africa. Afr J Med Pract 1994; 1:20-25.
48. Jewkes R. Intimate partner violence: Causes and prevention. Lancet 2002;359:1423-1429.