High HIV incidence in a community with high HIV prevalence in rural South Africa: Findings from a prospective population-based study

AIDS

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 139-144

  Bärnighausen, Till ^a,b   Tanser, Frank ^a   Gqwede, Zanomsa ^a   Mbizana, Clifford ^a   Herbst, Kobus ^a   Newell, Marie Louise ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

HIV incidence; Longitudinal survey; Rural population; South Africa; Survival anlysis

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GOVERNMENT; GROUPS BY AGE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; SEROCONVERSION; SEX RATIO; SOUTH AFRICA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FEMALE; HIV ANTIBODIES; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV SEROPREVALENCE; HIV-1; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MARITAL STATUS; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; RURAL POPULATION; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 37349093400     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f2ef43     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. UNAIDS. 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; 2006.
2. Hallett TB, White PJ, Garnett GP. The appropriate evaluation of HIV prevention interventions: from experiment to full scale implementation. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 83 (Suppl I):55-60.
3. Williams B, Gouws E, Wilkinson D, Karim SA. Estimating HIV incidence rates from age prevalence data in epidemic situations. Stat Med 2001; 20:2003-2016.
4. Shisana O, Rehle T, Simbayi LC, Parker W, Zuma K, Bhana A, et al. South African National HIV prevalence, HIV incidence, behaviour and communication survey. Cape Town: HSRC Press; 2005.
5. Ghys PD, Kufa E, George MV. Measuring trends in prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in countries with generalised epidemics. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82 (Suppl 1):i52-56.
6. Lohse N, Hansen AB, Pedersen G, Kronborg G, Gerstoft J, Sorensen HT, et al. Survival of persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark, 1995-2005. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:87-95.
7. Salomon JA, Hogan DR, Stover J, Stanecki KA, Walker N, Ghys PD, Schwartlander B. Integrating HIV prevention and treatment: from slogans to impact. PLoS Med 2005; 2:e16.
8. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim recommendations for the use of the BED capture enzyme immunoassay for incidence estimation and surveillance. Atlanta, GA: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator; 2006.
9. UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections. Statement on the use of the BED assay for the estimation of HIV-1 incidence for surveillance or epidemic monitoring. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2006; 81:40.
10. Sakarovitch C, Alioum A, Ekouevi DK, Msellati P, Leroy V, Dabis F. Estimating incidence of HIV infection in childbearing age African women using serial prevalence data from antenatal clinics. Stat Med 2007; 26:320-335.
11. Gray RH, Li X, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Brahmbhatt H, Wabwire-Mangen F, et al. Increased risk of incident HIV during pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda: a prospective study. Lancet 2005; 366:1182-1188.
12. Kapiga SH, Lyamuya EF, Lwihula GK, Hunter DJ. The incidence of HIV infection among women using family planning methods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Aids 1998; 12:75-84.
13. McDougal JS, Parekh BS, Peterson ML, Branson BM, Dobbs T, Ackers M, Gurwith M. Comparison of HIV type 1 incidence observed during longitudinal follow-up with incidence estimated by cross-sectional analysis using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2006; 22:945-952.
14. McDougal JS, Pilcher CD, Parekh BS, Gershy-Damet G, Branson BM, Marsh K, Wiktor SZ. Surveillance for HIV-1 incidence using tests for recent infection in resource-constrained countries. AIDS 2005; 19 (Suppl 2):S25-S30.
15. Welz T, Hosegood V, Jaffar S, Batzing-Feigenbaum J, Herbst K, Newell ML. Continued very high prevalence of HIV infection in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a population-based longitudinal study. AIDS 2007; 21:1467-1472.
16. Law CG, Brookmeyer R. Effects of mid-point imputation on the analysis of doubly censored data. Stat Med 1992; 11:1569-1578.
17. Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley; 1987.
18. Zhou XH, Eckert GJ, Tierney WM. Multiple imputation in public health research. Stat Med 2001; 20:1541-1549.
19. Kessler RC, Little RJ, Groves RM. Advances in strategies for minimizing and adjusting for survey nonresponse. Epidemiol Rev 1995; 17:192-204.
20. Crawford SL, Tennstedt SL, McKinlay JB. A comparison of analytic methods for nonrandom missingness of outcome data. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48:209-219.
21. Greenland S, Finkle WD. A critical look at methods for handling missing covariates in epidemiologic regression analyses. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142:1255-1264.
22. Heitjan DF. Annotation: what can be done about missing data? Approaches to imputation. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:548-550.
23. Collins L, Schafer JL, Kam CM. A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures. Psychol Meth 2001; 6:330-351.
24. van Buuren S, Boshuizen HC, Knook DL. Multiple imputation of missing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis. Stat Med 1999; 18:681-694.
25. Royston P. Multiple imputation of missing values: update of ICE. STATA J 2005; 5:527-536.
26. Nyindo M. Complementary factors contributing to the rapid spread of HIV-I in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. East Afr Med J 2005; 82:40-46.
27. Wegbreit J, Bertozzi S, DeMaria LM, Padian NS. Effectiveness of HIV prevention strategies in resource-poor countries: tailoring the intervention to the context. AIDS 2006; 20:1217-1235.
28. Auerbach JD, Hayes RJ, Kandathil SM. Overview of effective and promising interventions to prevent HIV infection. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2006; 938:43-78; discussion 317-341.
29. Rehle T, Shisana O, Pillay V, Zuma K, Puren A, Parker W. National HIV incidence measures: new insights into the South African epidemic. S Afr Med J 2007; 97:194-199.