Challenges in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the nonelderly adult

Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care

Volumn 68, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 236-242

  Davidovitch, Roy I ^a   Jordan, Charles J ^a   Egol, Kenneth A ^a   Vrahas, Mark S ^b  

^a NYU HOSPITAL FOR JOINT DISEASES   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Avascular necrosis; Femoral neck fractures; Hip fracture; Young

Indexed keywords

AVASCULAR NECROSIS; BONE MATURATION; BONE NECROSIS; BONE TRANSPLANTATION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DECOMPRESSION; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FEMUR NECK FRACTURE; FEMUR SHAFT FRACTURE; FIBULA GRAFT; FRACTURE NONUNION; FRACTURE REDUCTION; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; OPEN REDUCTION; OSTEOTOMY; PELVIS RADIOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURGICAL APPROACH; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS; ADULT; FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS; HIP ARTHROPLASTY; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOSYNTHESIS;

ADULT; ARTHROPLASTY, REPLACEMENT, HIP; BONE TRANSPLANTATION; FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES; FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS; FRACTURE FIXATION, INTERNAL; FRACTURES, UNUNITED; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOTOMY;

EID: 75649135887     PISSN: 00225282     EISSN: 15298809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181c428ce     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Swiontkowski MF, Winquist RA, Hansen ST. Fractures of the femoral neck in patients between the ages of twelve and forty-nine years. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:837-846.
2. Protzman RR, Burkhalter WE. Femoral neck fractures in young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:689-695.
3. Kofoed H. Femoral neck fractures in young adults. Injury. 1982;14:146-150.
4. Berry DJ, Harmsen WS, Cabanela ME, Morrey BF. Twenty-five-year survivorship of two thousand consecutive primary Charnley total hip replacements: factors affecting survivorship of acetabular and femoral components. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:171-177.
5. Zuckerman JD. Hip fracture. N Eng J Med. 1996;334:1519-1525.
6. Tornetta P, Kain MS, Creevy W. Diagnosis of a femoral neck fracture in patients with a femoral shaft fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:39-43.
7. Upadhyay A, Jain P, Mishra P, Maini L, Gautum VK, Dhaon BK. Delayed internal fixation of fractures of the neck of the femur in young adults. A prospective, randomized study comparing closed and open reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:1035-1040.
8. Bartonicek J. Pauwels' classification of femoral neck fractures: correct interpretation of the original. J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15:358-360.
9. Parker MJ, Dynan Y. Is Pauwels classification still valid? Injury. 29:7;521-523.
10. Liporace F, Gaines R, Collinge C, Haidukewych GJ. Results of internal fixation of Pauwels type-3 vertical femoral neck fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:1654-1659.
11. Raaymakers E, Marti R. Non-operative treatment of impacted femoral neck fractures: a prospective study of 170 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73:950-954.
12. Garden RS. Low angle fixation in fractures of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1961;43:647-663.
13. Leigthon RK. Fractures of the neck of the femur. In: Bucholtz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown CM, eds. Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults: Sixth Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006:1752-1791.
14. Manninger J, Kazar G, Fekete G, Nagy E, Zolczer L, Frenyo S. Avoidance of avascular necrosis of the femoral head following fractures of the femoral neck by early reduction and internal fixation. Injury. 1985;16:437-448.
15. Haidukewych GJ, Rothwell WS, Jacofsky DJ, Torchia ME, Berry DJ. Operative treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of fifteen and fifty years. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86:1711-1716.
16. Jain R, Koo M, Kreder H, Schemitsch EH, Davey JR, Mahomed NN. Comparison of early and delayed fixation of subcapital hip fractures in patients sixty years of age or less. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:1605-1612.
17. Asnis SE, Wanek-Sgaglione L. Intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck: Results of cannulated screw fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76:1793-1803.
18. Parker MJ. Garden grading of intracapsular fractures: meaningful or misleading? Injury. 1993;24:241-242.
19. Bout CA, Cannegieter DM, Jutmann JW. Percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures: the three point principle. Injury. 1997;28:135-139.
20. Gautam VK, Anand S, Dhaon BK. Management of displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults (a group at risk). Injury. 1998;29:215-218.
21. Gerber C, Strehle J, Ganz R. The treatment of fractures of the femoral neck. Clin Orthop. 1993;292:77-86.
22. Bray TJ. Femoral neck fracture fixation. Clin Orthop. 1997;339:20-31.
23. Breuckmann FR. An evaluation of closed reduction techniques for femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;251:168-170.
24. Leadbetter GW. Closed reduction of fractures of the neck of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg. 1938;20:108-113.
25. Nikolopoulos KE, Papadakis SA, Kateros KT, et al.. Long-term outcome of patients with avascular necrosis, after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. Injury. 2003;34:525-528.
26. Holmberg S, Dalen N. Intracapsular pressure and caput circulation in nondisplaced femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;219: 124-126.
27. Woodhouse CF. Dynamic influences of vascular occlusion affecting the development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Clin Orthop. 1964;32:119-129.
28. Vegter J, Lubsen CC. Fractional necrosis of the femoral head epiphysis after transient increase in joint pressure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69: 530-535.
29. Soto-Hall R, Johnson LH, Johnson RA. Variations in intra-articular pressures of the hip joint in injury and disease: a probable factor in avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1964;46:509-516.
30. Bonnaire F, Schaefer DJ, Kuner EH. Hemarthrosis and hip joint pressure in femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;353:148-155.
31. Baitner AC, Maurer SG, Hickey DG, et al.. Vertical shear fractures of the femoral neck; a biomechanical study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999;367: 300-305.
32. Kauffman JI, Simon JA, Kummer FJ, Pearlman CJ, Zuckerman JD, Koval KJ. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution: a biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma. 1999;13:155-159.
33. Aminian A, Gao F, Fedoriw WW, Zhang LQ, Kalainov DM, Merk BR. Vertically oriented femoral neck fracture: mechanical analysis of four fixation techniques. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21:544-548.
34. Bachiller FG, Caballer AP, Portal LF. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;399:87-109.
35. Lu-Yao GL, Keller RB, Littenberg B, Wennberg JE. Outcomes after displaced fractures of the femoral neck: a meta-analysis of one hundred and six published reports. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76:15-25.
36. Smith SW, Fehring TK, Griffin WI, Beaver WB. Core decompression of the osteonecrotic femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:674-679.
37. Buckley PD, Gearen PF, Petty RW. Structural bone grafting for early atraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:1357-1364.
38. Urbaniak JR, Coogan PG, Gunneson EB, Nunley JA. Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with free vascularized fibular grafting. A long term follow up study of one hundred and three hips. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:681-694.
39. Plakseychuk AY, Kim SY, Park BC, Varitimidis SE, Rubash HE, Sotereanos DG. Vascularized compared with nonvascularized fibular grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:589-595.
40. Sugioka Y, Hotochebuchi T, Tsutsui H. Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for idiopathic and steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head: indications and long-term results. Clin Orthop. 1992;111-120.
41. Gallinaro P, Masse A. Flexion osteotomy in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;386:79-84.
42. Ortiguera C, Pulliam I, Cabanela M. Total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis: matched-pair analysis of 188 hips with long term follow-up. J Arthroplasty. 1999;14:21-28.
43. Cornell CN, Salvati EA, Pellici PM. Long-term follow-up of total hip replacements in patients with osteonecrosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 1985;16:757-769.
44. Nilsson LT, Johansson A, Stromqvist B. Factors prediciting healing complications in femoral neck fractures: 138 patients followed for 2 years. Acta Orthop Scand. 1993;64:175-177.
45. Hartford JM, Patel A, Powell J. Intertrochanteric osteotomy using a dynamic hip screw for femoral neck non-union. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:329-333.
46. Mathews V, Cabanela ME. Femoral neck non-union treatment. Clin Orthop. 2004;419:57-64.
47. Lecroy MC, Rizzo M, Gunneson U, Urbaniak JR. Free vascularized fibular grafting in the management of femoral neck non-union in patients younger than fifty years. J Orthop Trauma. 2002;16:464-472.