The influence of strain and activation on the locomotor function of rat ankle extensor muscles

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 213, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 318-330

  Hodson Tole, E F ^a   Wakeling, J M ^b  

^a ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

^b SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Locomotion; Mechanical power; Skeletal muscle; Sonomicrometry

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; FEMALE; HINDLIMB; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; PHYSIOLOGY; RAT; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT;

ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; FEMALE; HINDLIMB; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY;

RATTUS;

EID: 75249101738     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.031872     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Armstrong, R. B. and Phelps, R. O. (1984). Muscle fiber type composition of the rat hindlimb. Am. J. Anat 171, 259-272. (Pubitemid 15189959)
2. Aubert, X. (1956). Le couplage energetique de la contraction musculaire. Brussels: Editions Arscia.
3. Biewener, A. (1998). Muscle function in vivo: A comparison of muscles used for elastic energy savings versus muscles used to generate mechanical power. Am. J. Zool, 38, 703-717.
4. Biewener, A. and Baudinette, R. (1995). In vivo muscle force and elastic energy storage during steady-speed hopping of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). J. Exp. Biol. 198, 1829-1841.
5. Biewener, A. and Roberts, T. J. (2000). Muscle and tendon contributions to force, work and elastic energy savings: a comparative perspective. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 28, 99-107.
6. Biewener, A., Corning, W. and Tobalske, B. (1998). In vivo pectoralis muscle force-length behavior during level flight in pigeons (Columba livia). J. Exp. Biol. 201, 3293-3307. (Pubitemid 29032607)
7. Biewener, A. A., McGowan, C., Card, G. M. and Baudinette, R. V. (2004). Dynamics of leg muscle function in tammar wallabies (M, eugenii) during level versus incline hopping. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 211-223. (Pubitemid 38106726)
8. Caiozzo, V. J., Herrick, R. E. and Baldwin, K. M. (1992). Response of slow and fast muscle to hypothyroidism: maximal shortening velocity and myosin isoforms. Am. J. Physiol. 263, C86-C94.
9. Carroll, A. M. (2004). Muscle activation and strain during suction feeding in the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 983-991.
10. Close, R. (1964). Dynamic properties of fast and slow skeletal muscles of the rat during development. J. Physiol. 173, 74-95.
11. Close, R. and Luff, A. R. (1974). Dynamic properties of inferior rectus muscle of the rat. J. Physiol. 236, 259-270.
12. Daley, M. A. and Biewener, A. A. (2003). Muscle force-length dynamics during level versus incline locomotion: a comparison of in vivo performance of two guinea fowl ankle extensors. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 2941-2958.
13. De Ruiter, C. J., de Haan, A. and Sargeant, A. J. (1995). Physiological characteristics of two extreme muscle compartments in the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 153, 313-324.
14. Delp, M. D. and Duan, C. (1996). Composition and size of type I, IIA, IID/X, and IIB fibers and citrate synthase activity of rat muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 80, 261-270.
15. Donley, J. M., Shadwick, R. E., Sepulveda, C. A., Konstantinidis, P. and Gemballa, S. (2005). Patterns of red muscle strain/activation and body kinematics during steady swimming in a lamnid shark, the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus). J. Exp. Biol. 208, 2377-2387. (Pubitemid 40912520)
16. Edman, K. A., Elzinga, G. and Noble, M. I. (1978). Enhancement of mechanical performance by stretch during tetanic contractions of vertebrate skeletal muscle fibres. J. Physiol. 281, 139-155. (Pubitemid 9015877)
17. Epstein, M. and Herzog, W. (1995). Theoretical Models of Skeletal Muscle; Biological and Mathematical Considerations, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
18. Fenn, W. O. (1924). The relation between the work performed and the energy liberated in muscular contraction. J. Physiol. 58, 373-395.
19. Fukunaga, T., Kubo, K., Kawakami, Y., Fukashiro, S., Kanehisa, H. and Maganaris, C. N. (2001). In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking. Proc, Biol. Sci. 268, 229-233. (Pubitemid 32154500)
20. Gabaldon, A. M., Nelson, F. E. and Roberts, T. J. (2004). Mechanical function of two ankle extensors in wild turkeys: shifts from energy production to energy absorption during incline versus decline running. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 2277-2288.
21. Gillis, G. B. and Biewener, A. A. (2001). Hindlimb muscle function in relation to speed and gait: in vivo patterns of strain and activation in a hip and knee extensor of the rat (Rattus norvegiens). J. Exp. Biol. 204, 2717-2731.
22. Gillis, G. B. and Biewener, A. A. (2002). Effects of surface grade on proximal hindlimb muscle strain and activation during rat locomotion. J. Appl. Physiol. 93, 1731-1743.
23. Griffiths, R. I. (1991). Shortening of muscle fibres during stretch of the active cat medial gastrocnemius muscle: the role of tendon compliance. J. Physiol. 436, 219 236.
24. Herzog, W. and Leonard, T. R. (2000). The history dependence of force production in mammalian skeletal muscle following stretch-shortening and shortening-stretch cycles. J. Biomech. 33, 531-542. (Pubitemid 30116690)
25. Higham, T. E., Biewener, A. A. and Wakeling, J. M. (2008). Functional diversification within and between muscle synergists during locomotion. Biol. Lett, 4, 41-44. (Pubitemid 351598334)
26. Hill, A. V. (1938). The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proc, Roy. Soc. Lond, B. Biol. Sci. 126, 136-195.
27. Hodson-Tole, E. F. and Wakeling, J. M. (2007). Variations in motor unit recruitment patterns occur within and between muscles in the running rat (Rattus norvegbus). J. Exp. Biol. 210, 2333-2345.
28. Hodson-Tole, E. F. and Wakeling, J. M. (2008a). Motor unit recruitment patterns 1, Responses to changes in locomotor velocity and incline. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 1882-1892.
29. Hodson-Tole, E. F. and Wakeling, J. M. (2008b). Motor unit recruitment patterns 2, The influence of myoelectric intensity and muscle fascicle strain rate. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 1893-1902.
30. Hoffer, J. A., Caputi, A. A., Pose, I. E. and Griffiths, R. I. (1989). Roles of muscle activity and load on the relationship between muscle spindle length and whole muscle length in the freely walking cat. Prog, Brain Res. 80, 75-85; discussion 57-60.
31. Lee, H. D. and Herzog, W. (2002). Force enhancement following muscle stretch of electrically stimulated and voluntarily activated human adductor pollicis. J. Physiol. 545, 321-330.
32. Lichtwark, G. A. and Wilson, A. M. (2006). Interactions between the human gastrocnemius muscle and the Achilles tendon during incline, level and decline locomotion. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 4379-4388.
33. Norenberg, K. M. and Fitts, R. H. (2004). Contractile responses of the rat gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to isotonic resistance exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 97, 2322-2332.
34. Otten, E. (1985). The jaw mechanism during growth of a generalised Haplochromis species: H, elegans Trewavas 1933 (Pisces, Cichlidae). Netherlands J. Zool, 33, 44-98.
35. Otten, E. (1987). A myocybernetic model of the jaw system of the rat. J. Neurosci, Methods 21, 287-302.
36. Roberts, T. J., Marsh, R. L., Weyand, P. G. and Taylor, C. R. (1997). Muscular force in running turkeys: the economy of minimizing work. Science 275, 1113-1115.
37. Sanford, C. P. and Wainwright, P. C. (2002). Use of sonomicrometry demonstrates the link between prey capture kinematics and suction pressure in largemouth bass. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 3445-3457.
38. Schiaffino, S. and Reggiani, C. (1996). Molecular diversity of myofibrillar proteins: gene regulation and functional significance. Physiol. Rev, 76, 371-423. (Pubitemid 26163713)
39. Swoap, S. J., Caiozzo, V. J. and Baldwin, K. M. (1997). Optimal shortening velocities for in situ power production of rat soleus and plantaris muscles. Am. J. Physiol. 273, C1057-C1063.
40. van Leeuwen, J. L. (1992). Muscle function in locomotion. In Mechanics of Animal Locomotion, vol.11 (ed. R. McNeill Alexander). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
41. von Tscharner, V. (2000). Intensity analysis in time-frequency space of surface myoelectric signals by wavelets of specified resolution. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 10, 433-445.
42. Wakeling, J. M. and Johnston, I. A. (1999). White muscle strain in the common carp and red to white muscle gearing ratios in fish. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 521-528.
43. Woittiez, R. D., Baan, G. C., Huijing, P. A. and Rozendal, R. H. (1985). Functional characterisitcs of the calf muscles of the rat. J. Morphol. 184, 375-387.
44. Zajac, F. E. (1989). Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. Crit. Rev, Biomed, Eng, 17, 359-411.