Use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of dementia in a predominantly male population: Prospective cohort analysis

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 340, Issue 7738, 2010, Pages 141-

  Li, Nien Chen ^a,b   Lee, Austin ^b,c   Whitmer, Rachel A ^d   Kivipelto, Miia ^e   Lawler, Elizabeth ^f   Kazis, Lewis E ^a,b   Wolozin, Benjamin ^b,g  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d DIVISION OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^e KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^f MAVERIC   (United States)

^g BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; IRBESARTAN; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; VALSARTAN;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE COURSE; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; GOVERNMENT; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; NURSING HOME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; STROKE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DEMENTIA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; INSTITUTIONALIZATION; MALE; NURSING HOMES; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 74949131237     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b5465     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Whitmer RA, Sidney S, Selby J, Johnston SC, Yaffe K. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology 2005;64:277-81.
2. Nash DT, Fillit H. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognitive impairment. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:1262-5.
3. Luchsinger JA, Reitz C, Honig LS, Tang MX, Shea S, Mayeux R. Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2005;65:545-51.
4. Newman AB, Fitzpatrick AL, Lopez O, Jackson S, Lyketsos C, Jagust W, et al. Dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence in relationship to cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1101-7.
5. Breteler MM, Claus JJ, Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam Study. BMJ 1994;308:1604-8.
6. Khachaturian AS, Zandi PP, Lyketsos CG, Hayden KM, Skoog I, Norton MC, et al. Antihypertensive medication use and incident Alzheimer disease: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol 2006;63:686-92.
7. Skoog I, Lithell H, Hansson L, Elmfeldt D, Hofman A, Olofsson B, et al. Effect of baseline cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment on cognitive and cardiovascular outcomes: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Am J Hypertens 2005;18:1052-9.
8. Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Thijs L, Babarskiene MR, Babeanu S, et al. The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment: new evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2046-52.
9. Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurol 2005;4:487-99.
10. Wolozin B, Kellman W, Ruosseau P, Celesia GG, Siegel G. Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arch Neurol 2000;57:1439-43.
11. Jick H, Zornberg GL, Jick SS, Seshadri S, Drachman DA. Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet 2000;356:1627-31.
12. Braunwald E, Domanski MJ, Fowler SE, Geller NL, Gersh BJ, Hsia J, et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2058-68.
13. Matchar DB, McCrory DC, Orlando LA, Patel MR, Patel UD, Patwardhan MB, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers for treating essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:16-29.
14. Zaman MA, Oparil S, Calhoun DA. Drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002;1:621-36.
15. Gallinat S, Yu M, Dorst A, Unger T, Herdegen T. Sciatic nerve transection evokes lasting up-regulation of angiotensin AT2 and AT1 receptor mRNA in adult rat dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1998;57:111-22.
16. Inagami T, Kambayashi Y, Ichiki T, Tsuzuki S, Eguchi S, Yamakawa T. Angiotensin receptors: molecular biology and signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999;26:544-9.
17. Stoll M, Steckelings UM, Paul M, Bottari SP, Metzger R, Unger T. The angiotensin AT2-receptor mediates inhibition of cell proliferation in coronary endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1995;95:651-7.
18. Lucius R, Gallinat S, Rosenstiel P, Herdegen T, Sievers J, Unger T. The angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor promotes axonal regeneration in the optic nerve of adult rats. J Exp Med 1998;188:661-70.
19. Ohrui T, Tomita N, Sato-Nakagawa T, Matsui T, Maruyama M, Niwa K, et al. Effects of brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors on Alzheimer disease progression. Neurology 2004;63:1324-5.
20. Rozzini L, Chilovi BV, Bertoletti E, Conti M, Del Rio I, Trabucchi M, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors modulate the rate of progression of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006;21:550-5.
21. Parhofer KG, Munzel F, Krekler M. Effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker irbesartan on metabolic parameters in clinical practice: the DO-IT prospective observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007;6:36.
22. Andraws R, Brown DL. Effect of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin systemon development of type 2 diabetesmellitus (meta-analysis of randomized trials). Am J Cardiol 2007;99:1006-12.
23. Elliott WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007;369:201-7.
24. Majani G, Giardini A, Opasich C, Glazer R, Hester A, Tognoni G, et al. Effect of valsartan on quality of life when added to usual therapy for heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial. J Card Fail 2005;11:253-9.
25. Weir RA, McMurray JJ, Puu M, Solomon SD, Olofsson B, Granger CB, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of adding an angiotensin receptor blocker in patients with heart failure already receiving an angiotensin-converting inhibitor plus aldosterone antagonist,with or without a beta blocker. Findings from the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM)-Added trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:157-63.
26. Hanon O, Berrou JP, Negre-Pages L, Goch JH, Nadhazi Z, Petrella R, et al. Effects of hypertension therapy based on eprosartan on systolic arterial blood pressure and cognitive function: primary results of the Observational Study on Cognitive function And Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction open-label study. J Hypertens 2008;26:1642-50.
27. Raghavendra V, Chopra K, Kulkarni SK. Involvement of cholinergic system in losartan-induced facilitation of spatial and short-term working memory. Neuropeptides 1998;32:417-21.
28. Raghavendra V, Chopra K, Kulkarni SK. Comparative studies on the memory-enhancing actions of captopril and losartan in mice using inhibitory shock avoidance paradigm. Neuropeptides 2001;35:65-9.
29. Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A, Derosa G, Pasotti C, Fogari E, et al. Influence of losartan and atenolol onmemory function in very elderly hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17:781-5.
30. Tedesco MA, Ratti G, Mennella S, Manzo G, Grieco M, Rainone AC, et al. Comparison of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide on cognitive function and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:1130-4.
31. Poon IO. Effects of antihypertensive drug treatment on the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:366-75.
32. Kehoe PG, Wilcock GK. Is inhibition of the renin-angiotensin systema new treatment option for Alzheimer's disease? Lancet Neurol 2007;6:373-8.
33. Kehoe PG, Miners S, Love S. Angiotensins in Alzheimer's disease - friend or foe? Trends Neurosci 2009;32:619-28.
34. Smith MW, Joseph GJ. Pharmacy data in the VA health care system. Med Care Res Rev 2003;60:92-123S.
35. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:461-70.
36. Stern Y, Albert M, Brandt J, Jacobs DM, Tang MX, Marder K, et al. Utility of extrapyramidal signs and psychosis as predictors of cognitive and functional decline, nursing home admission, and death in Alzheimer's disease: prospective analyses from the Predictors Study. Neurology 1994;44:2300-7.
37. Smith F, Talwalker S, Gracon S, Srirama M. The use of survival analysis techniques in evaluating the effect of long-term tacrine (Cognex) treatment on nursing home placement and mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Biopharm Stat 1996;6:395-409.
38. Stern Y, Tang MX, Albert MS, Brandt J, Jacobs DM, Bell K, et al. Predicting time to nursing home care and death in individuals with Alzheimer disease. JAMA 1997;277:806-12.
39. Geldmacher DS, Provenzano G, McRae T, Mastey V, Ieni JR. Donepezil is associated with delayed nursing home placement in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:937-44.
40. Aisen PS, Schafer KA, Grundman M, Pfeiffer E, Sano M, Davis KL, et al. Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;289:2819-26.
41. Ranadive SA, Chen AX, Serajuddin AT. Relative lipophilicities and structural-pharmacological considerations of various angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Pharm Res 1992;9:1480-6.
42. Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki K, Foley D, White LR, et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging 2000;21:49-55.
43. Sjogren M, Mielke M, Gustafson D, Zandi P, Skoog I. Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease - is there a relation? Mech Ageing Dev 2006;127:138-47.
44. Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, Hanninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ 2001;322:1447-51.
45. Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Laatikainen T, Winblad B, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J. Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: a longitudinal, population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:735-41.
46. Hamed A, Lee A, Ren XS, Miller DR, Cunningham F, Zhang H, et al. Use of antidepressant medications: are there differences in psychiatric visits among patient treatments in the Veterans Administration?Med Care 2004;42:551-9.
47. Kinosian B, Stallard E, Wieland D. Projected use of long-term-care services by enrolled veterans. Gerontologist 2007;47:356-64.
48. De la Torre JC. Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:184-90.
49. Ruitenberg A, den Heijer T, Bakker SL, van Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, et al. Cerebral hypoperfusion and clinical onset of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Neurol 2005;57:789-94.
50. Encinas M, DeJuan R, Marcos A, Gil P, Barabash A, Fernandez C, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow assessed with 99mTc-ECD SPET as a marker of progression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:1473-80.
51. Thone-Reineke C, Steckelings UM, Unger T. Angiotensin receptor blockers and cerebral protection in stroke. J Hypertens Suppl 2006;24:115-21S.
52. Wilms H, Rosenstiel P, Unger T, Deuschl G, Lucius R. Neuroprotection with angiotensin receptor antagonists: a review of the evidence and potential mechanisms. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2005;5:245-53.
53. Krikov M, Thone-Reineke C, Muller S, Villringer A, Unger T. Candesartan but not ramipril pretreatment improves outcome after stroke and stimulates neurotrophin BNDF/TrkB system in rats. J Hypertens 2008;26:544-52.
54. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1547-59.
55. Prohovnik I, Mayeux R, Sackeim HA, Smith G, Stern Y, Alderson PO. Cerebral perfusion as a diagnostic marker of early Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1988;38:931-7.
56. Niwa K, Porter VA, Kazama K, Cornfield D, Carlson GA, Iadecola C. A beta-peptides enhance vasoconstriction in cerebral circulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001;281:H2417-24.
57. Takeda S, Sato N, Takeuchi D, Kurinami H, Shinohara M, Niisato K, et al. Angiotensin receptor blocker prevented {beta}-amyloid-induced cognitive impairment associated with recovery of neurovascular coupling. Hypertension 2009;54:1345-52.
58. Tsukuda K, Mogi M, Iwanami J, Min LJ, Sakata A, Jing F, et al. Cognitive deficit in amyloid-beta-injected mice was improved by pretreatment with a low dose of telmisartan partly because of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. Hypertension 2009;54:782-7.
59. Wang J, Ho L, Chen L, Zhao Z, Zhao W, Qian X, et al. Valsartan lowers brain beta-amyloid protein levels and improves spatial learning in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Clin Invest 2007;117:3393-402.
60. Biessels GJ, Kappelle LJ. Increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in type II diabetes: insulin resistance of the brain or insulin-induced amyloid pathology? Biochem Soc Trans 2005;33:1041-4.
61. In't Veld BA, Ruitenberg A, Hofman A, Stricker BH, Breteler MM. Antihypertensive drugs and incidence of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Neurobiol Aging 2001;22:407-12.