The record of ground zero in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater-Suevites and related rocks

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 458, Issue , 2009, Pages 349-376

  Wittmann, A ^a   Reimold, W U ^b   Schmitt, R T ^b   Hecht, L ^b   Kenkmann, T ^b  

^a LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOREHOLES; DEBRIS; EXCAVATION; INFILL DRILLING; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

BASEMENT ROCKS; CONTINENTAL SCIENTIFIC DRILLINGS; CONTINUOUS DEPOSITION; HIGH-PRESSURE POLYMORPH; OBLIQUE IMPACT; THERMAL-ANNEALING; TRANSIENT CAVITIES; U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS;

ROCKS;

CRATER; DRILLING; IMPACT STRUCTURE; IMPACTITE; MARINE SEDIMENT; PETROGENESIS; SUEVITE;

CHESAPEAKE BAY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 74949108058     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2009.2458(16)     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Anderson, R.R., Witzke, B.J., and Roddy, D.J., 1996, The drilling of the 1991-1992 Geological Survey Bureau and U.S. Geological Survey Manson impact structure research cores, in Koeberl, C., and Anderson, R.R., eds., The Manson Impact Structure, Iowa: Anatomy of an Impact Crater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, p. 45-88.
2. Artemieva, N.A., 2008, Tektites: Model versus reality, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 39, 10-14 March 2008: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Science Institute, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2008/pdf/1651. pdf, abstract 1651.
3. Balachandran, U., and Eror, N.G., 1982, Raman spectra of titanium dioxide: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, v. 42, no.3, p. 276-282, doi: 10.1016/0022-4596(82)90006-8.
4. Barnes, V.E., 1967, Tektites, in Runcorn, K., ed., International Dictionary of Geophysics, Volume 2: Oxford, Pergamon Press, p. 1507-1518.
5. Belkin, H.E., 2007, Silicate glasses and sulfi de melts in the ICDP-USGS Eyreville core-B, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no.6, p. 315.
6. Bell, M.S., Reagan, M.K., Anderson, R.R., and Foster, C.T.J., 1996, Petrography of crystalline clast breccias from the Manson M-1 core, in Koeberl, C., and Anderson, R.R., eds., The Manson Impact Structure, Iowa: Anatomy of an Impact Crater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, p. 221-233.
7. Bischoff, A., and Stöffler, D., 1984, Chemical and structural changes induced by thermal annealing of shocked feldspar inclusions in impact melt rocks from Lappajärvi crater, Finland: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, no. B2, supplement, p. 645-656, doi: 10.1029/JB089iS02p0B645.
8. 2 phase diagram: The American Mineralogist, v. 52, p. 880-885.
9. Catchings, R.D., Powars, D.S., Gohn, G.S., Horton, J.W., Jr., Goldman, M.R., and Hole, J.A., 2008, Anatomy of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure revealed by seismic imaging, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, B08413, doi: 10.1029/ 2007JB005421, 23 p.
10. Collins, G.S., and Wünnemann, K., 2005, How big was the Chesapeake Bay impact?: Insight from numerical modeling: Geology, v. 33, no.12, p. 925-928, doi: 10.1130/G21854.1. (Pubitemid 41805457) (Pubitemid 41805457)
11. Collins, G.S., Kenkmann, T., Wünnemann, K., Wittmann, A., Reimold, W.U., and Melosh, H.J., 2008, The formation of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater as revealed by drilling and numerical simulation, in Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV, Vredefort Dome, South Africa: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Science Institute, .usra.edu/meetings/lmi2008/pdf/3059.pdf, abstract 3059.
12. Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J., 1992, An Introduction to the Rock- Forming Minerals: Harlow, UK, Pearson Education Limited, 696 p.
13. Dressler, B.O., Sharpton, V.L., Schwandt, C.S., and Ames, D., 2004, Impactites of the Yaxcopoil-1 drilling site, Chicxulub impact structure: Petrography, geochemistry, and depositionalenvironment: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 39, p. 857-878.
14. El Goresy, A., 1968, The opaque minerals in impactite glasses, in French, B.W., and Short, N.M., eds., Shock Metamorphism of Natural Materials: Baltimore, Mono Book Corp., p. 531-553.
15. Fisher, R.V., and Schmincke, H.-U., 1984, Pyroclastic Rocks: Berlin, Springer Verlag, 472 p.
16. Förstner, U., 1967, Petrographische Untersuchungen des Suevit aus den Bohrungen Deiningen und Wörnitzostheim im Ries von Nördlingen: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 15, p. 281-308, doi: 10.1007/BF00404198.
17. Gilbert, J.S., and Lane, S.J., 1994, The origin of accretionary lapilli: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 56, p. 398-411.
18. Glass, B.P., Swincki, M.B., and Zwart, P.A., 1979, Australasian, Ivory Coast and North American tektite strewn fields-Size, mass and correlation with geomagnetic reversals and other Earth events, in Proceedings of the 10th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 19-23 March 1979: New York, Pergamon Press, v. 10. p. 2535-2545, abs/1979LPSC...10.2535G (accessed 21 July 2009).
19. Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K.G., Reimold, W.U., Cockell, C.S., Horton, J.W., Jr., Sanford, W.E., and Voytek, M.A., 2006a, Chesapeake Bay impact structure drilled: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 87, no.35, p. 349, 355, 360, doi: 10.1029/2006EO350001.
20. Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K.G., and Reimold, W.U., 2006b, Chesapeake Bay impact structure deep drilling project completes coring: Scientific Drilling, v. 3, p. 34-37.
21. Goto, K., Tada, R., Tajika, E., Bralower, T.J., Hasegaw, T., and Matsui, T., 2004, Evidence for ocean water invasion into the Chicxulub crater at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 39, p. 1233-1247.
22. Graup, G., 1981, Terrestrial chondrules, glass spherules and accretionary lapilli from the suevite, Ries crater, Germany: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 55, p. 407-418, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90168-0.
23. Grieve, R.A.F., 1987, Terrestrial impact structures: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 15, p. 245-270, doi: 10.1146/annurev.ea .15.050187.001333.
24. Grieve, R.A.F., 1991, Terrestrial impact: The record in the rocks: Meteoritics, v. 26, p. 175-194.
25. Grieve, R.A.F., and Cintala, M.J., 1992, An analysis of differential impact meltcrater scaling and implications for the terrestrial impact record: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 27, p. 526-538.
26. Grieve, R.A.F., Dence, M.R., and Robertson, P.B., 1977, Cratering processes: As interpreted from the occurrence of impact melts, in Roddy, D.J., Pepin, R.O., and Merrill, R.B., eds., Impact and Explosion Cratering: Planetary and Terrestrial Implications: New York, Pergamon Press, p. 791-814.
27. Grieve, R.A.F., Dence, M.R., and Robertson, P.B., 1981, Constraints on the formation of ring impact structures, based on terrestrial data, in Schultz, P.H., and Merrill, R.B., eds., Multi-Ring Basins: New York, Pergamon Press, p. 37-57.
28. Grieve, R.A.F., Langenhorst, F., and Stöffler, D., 1996, Shock metamorphism of quartz in nature and experiment: II. Significance in geoscience: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 31, p. 6-35.
29. Gulick, S.P.S., Barton, P.J., Christeson, G.L., Morgan, J.V., McDonald, M., Mendoza-Cervantes, K., Pearson, Z.V., Surendra, A., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Vermeesch, P.M., and Warner, M.R., 2008, Importance of pre-impact crustal structure for the asymmetry of the Chicxulub impact crater: Nature Geosciences, v. 1, p. 131-135, doi: 10.1038/ngeo103.
30. Herrick, R.R., and Forsberg-Taylor, N.K., 2003, The shape and appearance of craters formed by oblique impact on the Moon and Venus: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 38, no.11, p. 1551-1578.
31. Horton, J.W., Jr., Powars, D.S., and Gohn, G.S., 2005a, Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure-Introduction and discussion, chap. A, in Horton, J.W., Jr., Powars, D.S., and Gohn, G.S., eds., Studies of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure-The USGS-NASA Langley Corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and Related Coreholes and Geophysical Surveys: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1688, p. A1-A24.
32. Horton, J.W., Jr., Aleinikoff, J.N., Kunk, M.J., Gohn, G.S., Edwards, L.E., Self-Trail, J.M., Powars, D.S., and Izett, G.A., 2005b, Recent research on the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA-Impact debris and reworked ejecta, in Kenkmann, T., Hörz, F., and Deutsch, A., eds., Large Meteorite Impacts III: Geological Society of America Special Paper 384, p. 147-170.
33. Horton, J.W., Jr., Vanko, D.A., Naeser, C.W., Naeser, N.D., Larsen, D., Jackson, J.C., and Belkin, H.E., 2006a, Postimpact hydrothermal conditions at the central uplift, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 13-17 March 2006: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/1842.pdf, abstract 1842.
34. Horton, J.W., Jr., Ormö, J., Powars, D.S., and Gohn, G.S., 2006b, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 41, no.10, p. 1613-1624.
35. Horton, J.W., Jr., Gohn, G.S., Gibson, R.L., Reimold, W.U., and Edwards, L.E., 2007, Geologic column of the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Breccias, blocks and crystalline rocks, 1095-1766 m depth: Geological Society of merica Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, no.6, p. 450.
36. Horton, J.W., Jr., Gohn, G.S., Powars, D.S., and Edwards, L.E., 2008, Origin and emplacement of impactites in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA, in Evans, K.R., Horton, J.W., Jr., King, D.T., Jr., and Morrow, J.R., eds., The Sedimentary Record of Meteorite Impacts: Geological Society of America Special Paper 437, p. 73-97.
37. Horton, J.W., Jr., Gibson, R.L., Reimold, W.U., Wittmann, A., Gohn, G.S., and Edwards, L.E., 2009, this volume, Geologic columns for the ICDPUSGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Impactites and crystalline rocks, 1766 to 1096 m depth, in Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K.G., and Reimold, W.U., eds., The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 458, doi: 10.1130/2009.2458(02).
38. Jackson, J.J., Horton, J.W., Jr., Chou, I-M., and Belkin, H.E., 2006, A shockinduced polymorph of anatase and rutile from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, U.S.A.: The American Mineralogist, v. 91, p. 604-608, doi: 10.2138/am.2006.2061.
39. Jarosewich, E., Nelen, J.A., and Norberg, J.A., 1980, Reference samples for electron microprobe analysis: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 4, no.1, p. 43-47, doi: 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1980.tb00273.x.
40. Kenkmann, T., Collins, G.S., Wittmann, A., Wünnemann, K., Reimold, W.U., and Melosh, H.J., 2009, this volume, A model for the formation of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater as revealed by drilling and numerical simulation, in Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K.G., and Reimold, W.U., eds., The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 458, doi: 10.1130/2009.2458(25).
41. Kieffer, S.W., and Simonds, C.H., 1980, The role of volatiles and lithology in the impact cratering process: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, v. 18, p. 143-181, doi: 10.1029/RG018i001p00143.
42. Koeberl, C., 1988, The Cuban tektite revisited: Meteoritics, v. 23, p. 161-165.
43. Koeberl, C., 1989, New estimates of area and mass for the North American tektite strewn field, in Proceedings of the 19th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 14-18 March 1988: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, v. 19. p. 745-751, abs/1989LPSC...19..745K (accessed 21 July 2009).
44. Koeberl, C., Poag, C.W., Reimold, W.U., and Brandt, D., 1996a, Impact origin of the Chesapeake Bay structure, and source of the North American tektites: Science, v. 271, p. 1263-1266, doi: 10.1126/science.271.5253.1263.
45. Koeberl, C., Reimold, W.U., Kracher, A., Träxler, B., Vormaier, A., and Körner, W.,1996b, Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical studies of drill core samples from the Manson impact structure, Iowa, in Koeberl, C., and Anderson, R.R., eds., The Manson Impact Structure, Iowa: Anatomy of an Impact Crater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, p. 145-219.
46. Kring, D.A., 2005, Hypervelocity collisions into continental crust composed of sediments and an underlying crystalline basement: Comparing the Ries (̃24 km) and Chicxulub (̃180 km) impact craters: Chemie der Erde, v. 65, p. 1-46, doi: 10.1016/j.chemer.2004.10.003. (Pubitemid 40230941) (Pubitemid 40230941)
47. Kring, D.A., and Durda, D.D., 2002, Trajectories and distribution of materialejected from the Chicxulub impact crater: Implications for postimpact wildfires: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, no. E8, 5062, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001532, 22 p.
48. Kring, D.A., Hörz, F., and Zurcher, L., 2004, Impact lithologies and their emplacement in the Chicxulub impact crater: Initial results from the Chicxulub Scientific Drilling Project, Yaxcopoil, Mexico: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 39, p. 879-898.
49. Lee, S.R., Horton, J.W., Jr., and Walker, R.J., 2006, Confirmation of a meteoritic component in impact-melt rocks of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA-Evidence from osmium isotopic and PGE systematics: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 41, no.6, p. 819-833.
50. Leica Microsystems, 2004, Leica QWin Reference Guide: Cambridge, UK, Leica Microsystems Imaging Solutions, Ltd., 182 p.
51. Mayr, S.I., Wittmann, A., Burkhardt, H., Popov, Y., Romushkevich, R., Bayuk, I., Heidinger, P., and Wilhelm, H., 2008, Integrated interpretation of physical properties of rocks of the borehole Yaxcopoil-1 (Chicxulub impact structure): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, B07201, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005420, 21 p.
52. Melosh, H.J., 1989, Impact Cratering: A Geological Process: New York, Oxford University Press, 245 p.
53. Morgan, J.V., Warner, M.R., Collins, G.S., Melosh, H.J., and Christeson, G.L., 2000, Peak-ring formation in large impact craters: Geophysical constraints from Chicxulub: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 183, p. 347-354, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00307-1. (Pubitemid 32109092) (Pubitemid 32109092)
54. Newsom, H.E., Graup, G., Iseri, D.A., Geissman, J.W., and Keil, K., 1990, The formation of the Ries crater, West Germany; evidence of atmospheric interactions during a larger cratering event, in Sharpton, V.L., and Ward, P.D., eds., Global Catastrophes in Earth History: Geological Society of America Special Paper 247, p. 195-206.
55. Newsom, H.E., Nelson, M.J., Shearer, C.K., Rietmeijer, F.J.M., Gakin, R., and Lee, K., 2004, Major and trace element variations in impact crater clays from Chicxulub, Lonar, and Mistastin, implications for the Martian soil, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 35, 15-19 March 2000: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/ 1087.pdf, abstract 1087 (accessed 21 July 2009).
56. Osinski, G.R., Spray, J.G., and Grieve, R.A.F., 2008, Impact melting in sedimentary target rocks: An assessment, in Evans, K.R., Horton, J.W., Jr., King, D.T., Jr., and Morrow, J.R., eds., The Sedimentary Record of Meteorite Impacts: Geological Society of America Special Paper 437, p. 1-18.
57. Pearson, Z.F., Whalen, M.T., Gulick, S., and Norris, R., 2006, Annealing the Chicxulub impact: Tertiary Yucatan carbonate platform development and basin infilling: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 38, no.7, p. 297, abstract-115677.htm.
58. Pierazzo, E., and Melosh, H.J., 2000, Melt production in oblique impacts: Icarus, v. 145, p. 252-261, doi: 10.1006/icar.1999.6332.
59. Plescia, J.B., 1996, Gravity investigation of the Manson impact structure, Iowa, in Koeberl, C., and Anderson, R.R., eds., The Manson Impact Structure, Iowa: Anatomy of an Impact Crater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, p. 89-104.
60. Poag, C.W., and Aubry, M.-P., 1995, Upper Eocene impactites of the U.S. East Coast: Depositional origins, biostratigraphic framework, and correlation: Palaios, v. 10, no.1, p. 16-43, doi: 10.2307/3515005.
61. Poag, C.W., Powars, D.S., Poppe, D.S., and Mixon, R.B., 1994, Meteoroid mayhem in Ole Virginny: Source of the North American tektite strewn field: Geology, v. 22, p. 691-694, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0691:MMIOVS>2. 3.CO;2.
62. Poag, W.C., Koeberl, C., and Reimold, W.U., 2004, The Chesapeake Bay Crater, Impact Studies: Berlin, Springer, 522 p.
63. Pohl, J., Stöffler, D., Gall, H., and Ernstson, K., 1977, The Ries impact crater, in Roddy, D.J., Pepin, R.O., and Merrill, R.B., eds., Impact and Explosion Cratering: Planetary and Terrestrial Implications: New York, Pergamon Press, p. 343-404.
64. Powars, D.S., and Bruce, T.S., 1999, The Effects of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater on the Geological Framework and Correlation of Hydrogeologic Units of the Lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1612, p. 1-82.
65. Powars, D.S., Catchings, R.D., Gohn, G.S., and Horton, J.W., Jr., 2008, Highresolution seismic reflection images spanning the 1.76-km-deep ICDP-USGS Eyreville coreholes within the moat of the Chesapeake impact structure, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 39, 10-14 March 2008: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2008/pdf/2216.pdf, abstract 2216 (accessed 21 July 2009).
66. Reimold, W.U., Bartosova, K., Schmitt, R.T., Hansen, B., Crasselt, C., Koeberl, C., Wittmann, A., and Powars, D.S., 2009, this volume, Petrographic observations on the Exmore breccia, ICDP-USGS Drilling at Eyreville, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA, in Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K.G., and Reimold, W.U., eds., The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 458, doi: 10.1130/2009.2458(29).
67. Robertson, P.B., and Grieve, R.A.F., 1977, Shock attenuation at terrestrial impact structures, in Roddy, D.J., Pepin, R.O., and Merrill, R.B., eds., Impact and Explosion Cratering: Planetary and Terrestrial Implications: New York, Pergamon Press, p. 687-702.
68. Sanford, W.E., 2005, A simulation of the hydrothermal response to the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: Geofl uids, v. 5, p. 185-201, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2005.00110.x. (Pubitemid 41030919) (Pubitemid 41030919)
69. Sanford, W.E., Gohn, G.S., Powars, D.S., Horton, J.W., Jr., Edwards, L.E., Self-Trail, J.M., and Morin, R.H., 2004, Drilling the central crater of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: A first look: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 85, no.39, p. 369-384, doi: 10.1029/2004EO390001.
70. Schmitt, R.T., Bartosova, K., Reimold, W.U., Mader, D., Wittmann, A., Koeberl, C., and Gibson, R.L., 2009, this volume, Geochemistry of impactites and crystalline basement-derived lithologies from the ICDP-USGS Eyreville A and B drill cores, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia/USA, in Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K.G., and Reimold, W.U., eds., The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 458, doi: 10.1130/2009.2458(22).
71. Shah, A.K., and Brozena, J.P.V., Daniels, D., and Plescia, J., 2005, New surveys of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure suggest melt pockets and target-structure effect: Geology, v. 33, no.5, p. 417-420, doi: 10.1130/ G21213.1.
72. Sharpton, V.L., Marín, L.E., Carney, J.L., Lee, S., Ryder, G., Schuraytz, B.C., Sikora, P., and Spudis, P.D., 1996, A model of the Chicxulub impact basin based on evaluation of geophysical data, well logs, and drill core samples, in Ryder, B., Fastovsky, D., and Gartner, S., eds., The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History: Geological Society of America Special Paper 307, p. 55-74.
73. Stöffler, D., and Grieve, R.A.F., 2007, Impactites, Chapter 2.11, in Fettes, D., and Desmons, J., eds., Metamorphic Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms, Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, p. 82-92, 111-125, and 126-242.
74. Stöffler, D., and Langenhorst, F., 1994, Shock metamorphism of quartz in nature and experiment: I. Basic observation and theory: Meteoritics, v. 29, p. 155-181.
75. Stöffler, D., Ewald, U., Ostertag, R., and Reimold, W.U., 1977, Research drilling Nördlingen 1973 (Ries): Composition and texture of polymict impact breccias: Geologica Bavarica, v. 75, p. 163-190.
76. Stöffler, D., Artemieva, N.A., and Pierazzo, E., 2002, Modeling the Ries-Steinheim impact event and the formation of the moldavite strewn field: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 37, p. 1893-1907.
77. Stöffler, D., Artemieva, N.A., Ivanov, B.A., Hecht, L., Kenkmann, T., Schmitt, R.T., Tagle, R.A., and Wittmann, A., 2004, Origin and emplacement of the impact formations at Chicxulub, Mexico, as revealed by the ICDP deep drilling Yaxcopoil-1 and by numerical modeling: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 39, p. 1035-1068.
78. Tuchscherer, M.G., Reimold, W.U., Koeberl, C., Gibson, R.L., and de Bruin, D., 2004, First petrographic results on impactites from the Yaxcopoil-1 borehole, Chicxulub structure, Mexico: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 39, p. 899-930. (Pubitemid 39051955) (Pubitemid 39051955)
79. Vickery, A., 1986, Effect of an impact-generated gas cloud on the acceleration of solid ejecta: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, no. B14, p. 14,139-14,160, doi: 10.1029/JB091iB14p14139.
80. Viereck, L.G., Griffin, B.J., Schmincke, H.-U., and Pritchard, R.G., 1982, Volcaniclastic rocks of the Reydarfjordur drill hole, Eastern Iceland 2. Alteration: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, no. B8, p. 6459-6476, doi: 10.1029/JB087iB08p06459.
81. von Engelhardt, W., and Graup, G., 1977, Stosswellenmetamorphose im Kristallin der Forschungsbohrung Nördlingen 1973: Geologica Bavarica, v. 75, p. 255-271.
82. Whalen, M.T., Pearson, Z.F., Gulick, S., and Norris, R., 2007, Chicxulub crater infilling and Yucatan carbonate platform development: Implications for the evolution of large terrestrial impact craters: San Francisco, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.U22A. 05W, abstract U22A-05.
83. Wittmann, A., and Kenkmann, T., 2007, Indications for fluidization of the Ries crater's ejecta blanket, in Bridging the Gap 2: Saint-Hubert, Canada, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 22-26 September 2007: Houston, Texas, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gap2007/pdf/8065.pdf, abstract 8065.
84. Wittmann, A., Kenkmann, T., Schmitt, R.T., Hecht, L., and Stöffler, D., 2004, Impact-related dike breccia lithologies in the ICDP drill core Yaxcopoil-1, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 39, p. 931-954. (Pubitemid 39058427) (Pubitemid 39058427)
85. Wittmann, A., Kenkmann, T., Schmitt, R.T., and Stöffler, D., 2006, Shockmetamorphosed zircon in terrestrial impact craters: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 41, p. 433-453.
86. Wittmann, A., Kenkmann, T., Hecht, L., and Stöffler, D., 2007, Reconstruction of the Chicxulub ejecta plume from its deposits in drill core Yaxcopoil-1: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 119, no. 9/10, p. 1151-1167, doi: 10.1130/B26116.1.
87. Wittmann, A., Schmitt, R.T., Hecht, L., Kring, D.A., Reimold, W.U., and Povenmire, H., 2009, this volume, Petrology of impact melt rocks from the Chesapeake Bay crater, USA, in Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K.G., and Reimold, W.U., eds., The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville Core Holes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 458, doi:10.1130/2009.2458(17).
88. Witzke, B.J., and Anderson, R.R., 1996, Sedimentary-clast breccias of the Manson impact structure, in Koeberl, C., and Anderson, R.R., eds., The Manson Impact Structure, Iowa: Anatomy of an Impact Crater: Geological Society of America Special Paper 302, p. 115-144.
89. Zürcher, L., and Kring, D.A., 2004, Hydrothermal alteration in the core of the Yaxcopoil-1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 39, p. 1199-1222.