Geography, race, and quantification

Professional Geographer

Volumn 61, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 465-480

  Carter, Perry L ^a  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Methodology; Quantification; Race

Indexed keywords

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RACE;

EID: 74849094471     PISSN: 00330124     EISSN: 14679272     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00330120903143466     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. Achen, C. H. 2005. Two cheers of Charles Ragin. Studies in Comparative International Development 40:27-32.
2. Adams, J. S. 1972. The geography of riots and civil disorders in the 1960s. Economic Geography 48:24-42.
3. Anderson, K. 1987. The ideas of Chinatown: The power of place and institutional practice in the making of a racial category. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77:580-98.
4. Anderson, K. 1991. Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial discourse in Canada, 1875-1980. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
5. Barnes, T. J. 2004. Place ideas: Genius loci, heterotopia and geography's quantitative revolution. Progress in Human Geography 29:565-95.
6. Barnes, T. J., and M. Hannah. 2001. The place of numbers: Histories, geographies, and theories of quantification. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 19:379-83.
7. Baschlin, L. E. 2002. Feminist geography in practice: Research and methods. London: Blackwell.
8. Blaut, J. M. 1993. The colonizer's model of the world. New York: Guilford.
9. Blaut, J. M. 1999. Environmentalism and Eurocentrism. Geographical Review 89:391-405.
10. Bonnett, A. 1993. Radicalism, anti-racism and representation. London and New York: Routledge.
11. Bonnett, A. 2000. White identities: Historical and international perspectives. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall.
12. Burt, J. E., and G. M. Barber. 1995. Elementary statistics for geographers. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford.
13. Butler, T., C. Hamnetta, M. Ramsden, and R. Webber.2007.The best,the worst and the average:Secondary school choice and education performance in East London. Journal of Education Policy 22:7-29.
14. Collins, P. H. 1990. Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. London and New York: Routledge.
15. Darwin, C. 1999/1859. The origin of the species. New York: Bantam Books.
16. Delaney, D. 1998a. Race, place, & the law. Austin: University of Texas Press.
17. Delaney, D. 1998b. The space that race makes. Unpublished paper, National Science Foundation/Canadian Embassy Research Workshop on Race and Geography, Department of Geography, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
18. Delaney, D. 2002. The space that race makes. The Professional Geographer 54:6-14.
19. Delgado, R., ed. 1995. Critical race theory, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
20. de Oliver, M. 2001. Multicultural consumerism and racial hierarchy: A case study of market culture and the structural harmonization of contradictory doctrines. Antipode 33:228-59.
21. Deverell, W. 2004. Whitewashed adobe: The rise of Los Angeles and the remaking of its Mexican past. Berkeley: University of California Press.
22. Diamond, J. 1997. Guns, germs, and steel: The fates of human societies. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
23. Dixon, D. P., and J. P. Jones, III. 1998. My dinner with Derrida, or spatial analysis and poststructuralism do lunch. Environment and Planning A 30:247-60.
24. Donaldson, O. F. 1971. Geography and the black American: The white papers and the invisible man. Journal of Geography 70:138-49.
25. Drennon, C. M. 2006. Social relations spatially fixed: Construction and maintenance of school districts inSanAntonio,Texas.GeographicalReview 96:567-93.
26. Dwyer, O. 1997. Geographical research about African-Americans: A survey of journals 1911-1995. The Professional Geographer 49:441-51.
27. Ellis, M. 2001. What future for whites? Population projections and racialised imaginaries in the US. International Journal of Population Geography 7:213-29.
28. Fotheringham, A. S. 1997. Trends in quantitative methods I: Stressing the local. Progress in Human Geography 21:88-96.
29. Fotheringham, A. S. 1998. Trends in quantitative methods II: Stressing the computational.Progress in Human Geography 22:283-92.
30. Fotheringham, A. S. 1999. Trends in quantitative methods I: Stressing the visual. Progress in Human Geography 23:597-606.
31. Fotheringham, A. S. 2006. Quantification, evidence and positivism. In Approaches to human geography, ed. S. Aitken and G. Valentine, 237-50. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
32. Fotheringham, A. S., C. Brunsdon, and M. E. Charlon. 2000. Quantitative geography: Perspectives on spatial data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Fotheringham, A. S., C. Brunsdon, and M. E. Charlon 2002. Geographically weighted regression. New York: Wiley.
34. Fotheringham, A. S., and M. E. O'Kelly. 1989. Spatial interaction models: Formulations and applications. London: Kluwer Academic.
35. Fotheringham, A. S., and R. Trew. 1993. Chain image and store-choice modeling: The effects of income and race. Environment and Planning A 25:179-95.
36. Frenkel, S. 1992. Geography, empire, and environmental determinism. Geographical Review 82:143-54.
37. Gibson, J. 1941. The Alabama Black belt: Its geographic status. Economic Geography 17:138-49.
38. Gilmore, R. W. 2002. Fatal couplings of power and difference: Notes on racism and geography. The Professional Geographer 54:15-24.
39. Gould, S. 1981. The mismeasure of man. New York: Norton.
40. Greenhouse, L. 2007. Justices limit the use of race in school plans for integration. New York Times 29 June:A1.
41. Gunaratnam, Y. 2003. Researching race and ethnicity: Methods, knowledge and power. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
42. Hacking, I. 1990. The taming of chance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
43. Hacking, I. 2005. Why race still matters. Dædalus 134:102-16.
44. Hamnetta, C., M. Ramsden, and T. Butler. 2007. Social background, ethnicity, school composition and educational attainment in East London. Urban Studies 44:1255-80.
45. Haraway, D. J. 1988a. Simians, cyborgs and women: The reinvention of nature. London: Free Association Books.
46. Haraway, D. J. 1988b. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist Studies 14:575-99.
47. Harding, S. 1991. Whose science? Whose knowledge? New York: Cornell University Press.
48. Hay, I. 2005. Qualitative research methods in human geography. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
49. Hepple, L. W. 2001. Multiple regression and spatial policy analysis: George Udny Yule and the origins of statistical social science. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 19:385-407.
50. Herrnstein, R. J., and C. Murray. 1996. The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. New York: Simon and Schuster.
51. Hill, M. R. 1981. Positivism: A hidden philosophy in geography. In Themes in geographic thought, ed. M. E. Harvey and B. P. Holly, 38-69. London: Croom Helm.
52. Holt, L. 2006. Exploring other childhoods through quantitative secondary analysis of large scale surveys: Opportunities and changes for children's geographers. Children's Geographies 4:124-55.
53. Houston, S., R. Wright, M. Ellis, S. Holloway, and M. Hudson. 2005. Places of possibility: Where mixed-race partners meet. Progress in Human Geography 29:700-17.
54. Hughes, D. M. 1995. Significant differences: The construction of knowledge, objectivity, and dominance. Women's Studies International Forum 18:395-406.
55. Jackson, P. J. 1987. The idea of race and the geography or racism. In Race and racism: Essays in social geography, ed. P. J. Jackson, 1-22. London: Allen and Unwin.
56. Jackson, P. J. 1989. Maps of meaning. London and New York: Routledge.
57. Jackson, P. J., and J. Penrose. 1994. Constructions of race, place, and nation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
58. Johnston-Anumonwo, I. 1997. Race, gender, and constrained work trips in Buffalo, NY, 1990. The Professional Geographer 49:306-17.
59. Jones, J. 1993. The Tuskegee syphilis experiment: A moral astigmatism. In The racial economy of science: Toward a democratic future, ed. S. Harding, 275-86. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
60. Keylock, C. J., and D. Dorling. 2004. What kind of quantitative methods for what kind of geography? Area 36:358-66.
61. Kirby, K. M. 1996. Indifferent boundaries: Spatial concepts of human subjectivity. New York: Guilford.
62. Kobayashi, A. 1994. Coloring the field: Gender, race, and the politics of fieldwork. The Professional Geographer 45:73-80.
63. Kobayashi, A. 2003. The construction of geographic knowledge: Racialization, spatialization. In The handbook of cultural geography, ed. K. Anderson, M. Domosh, S. Pile, and N. Thrift, 544-56. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
64. Kobayashi, A., and L. Peake. 1994. Unnatural discourse: Race and gender in geography. Gender, Place and Culture 1:225-43.
65. Kobayashi, A., and L. Peake. 2000. Racism of our place: Thoughts on whiteness and an antiracist geography in the new millennium. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90:392-403.
66. Krmenec, A.,and D.C. Knudsen.1986. Modeling the spatial distribution of urban residential burglary. Urban Geography 7:210-26.
67. Kwan, M.-P. 2002. Quantitative methods and feminist geographic research. In Feminist geography in practice: Research and methods, ed. P. Moss, 160-72. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
68. Kwan, M.-P. 2004. Beyond difference: From canonical geography to hybrid geographies. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92:756-63.
69. Lawson, V. 1995. The politics of difference: Examining the quantitative/qualitative dualism in poststructuralist feminist research. The Professional Geographer 47:449-57.
70. Lewontin, R. C., S. Rose, and L. J. Kamin. 1993. IQ: The ranking ordering of the world. In The racial economy of science: Toward a democratic future, ed. S. Harding, 142-60. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
71. Limb, M., and C. Dwyer. 2002. Qualitative methodologies for geographers: Issues and debates. London: Hodder Arnold.
72. Lutz, C. A., and J. L. Collins. 1993. Reading National Geographic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
73. Mattingly, D., and K. Falconer Al-Hindi. 1995. Should women count? A context of the debate. The Professional Geographer 47:427-35.
74. McKittrick, K. 2006. Demonic grounds: Black women and the cartographies of struggle. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
75. McLafferty, S. L. 1995. Counting for women. The Professional Geographer 47:436-41.
76. McLafferty, S., and V. Preston. 1991. Gender, race, and commuting among service sector workers. The Professional Geographer 43:1-15.
77. McLafferty, S., and V. Preston 1997. Gender, race, and the determinants of commuting: New York in 1990. Urban Geography 18:192-212.
78. Miller, H. J. 2004. Tobler's First Law and spatial analysis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94:284-89.
79. Morrison, T. 1992. Playing in the dark: Whiteness and the literary imagination. New York: Vintage Books.
80. Moss, P. 1995. Embeddedness in practice, numbers in context: The politics of knowing and doing. The Professional Geographer 47:442-47.
81. Nash, C. 2003. Cultural geography: Anti-racist geographies. Progress in Human Geography 27:637-48.
82. National Community Reinvestment Coalition (NCRC). 2007. Income is no shield against racial differences in lending: A comparison of high-cost lending in America's metropolitan areas. National Community Reinvestment Coalition. http://www.ncrc.org (last accessed 24 May 2008).
83. Openshaw, S. 1991. A view of the GIS crisis in geography, or, using GIS to put Humpty-Dumpty back together again. Environment and Planning A 23:621-28.
84. Openshaw, S. 1992. Further thoughts on geography and GIS: A reply. Environment and Planning A 24:463-66.
85. Openshaw, S. 1994. Computational human geography: Towards a research agenda. Environment and Planning A 26:499-505.
86. Openshaw, S. 1995. Human systems modeling as a grand new challenge area in science: What has happened to the science in social science. Environment and Planning A 27:159-64.
87. Peake, L., and R. H. Schein. 2000. Racing geography into the new millennium: Studies of race and North American geographies. Social and Cultural Geography 1:133-42.
88. Peet, R. 1998. Modern geographic thought. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
89. Poon, J. P. H. 2003. Quantitative methods: Producing quantitative methods narratives. Progress in Human Geography 27:753-62.
90. Poon, J. P. H. 2005. Quantitative methods: Not positively positivist. Progress in Human Geography 29:766-72.
91. Porter, T. M. 1986. The rise of statistical thinking. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
92. Pred, A. 2000. Even in Sweden: Racism, racialized spaces, and the popular geographical imagination. Berkeley: University of California Press.
93. Pulido, L. 2002. Reflections on a white discipline. The Professional Geographer 54:42-49.
94. Ragin, C. C. 1994. Constructing social research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
95. Raimondo, M. 2005. AIDS capital of the world: Representing race, sex and space in Belle Glade, Florida. Gender, Place and Culture 12:53-70.
96. Rocheleau, D. 1995. Maps, numbers, text, and context: Mixing methods in feminist political ecology. The Professional Geographer 47:458-66.
97. Roediger, D. R. 1994. Towards the abolition of whiteness: Essays on race, politics, and working class history. London: Verso.
98. Rogerson, P. A. 2001. Statistical methods for geography. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
99. Rose, G. 2007. Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
100. Rose, N. 1991. Governing by numbers: Figuring out democracy. Accounting Organization and Society 16:673-92.
101. Ryan, L., and A. Golden. 2006. Tick the box please: A reflexive approach to doing quantitative social research. Sociology 40:1196-200.
102. Saad, T., and P. Carter. 2005. The entwined spaces of race, sex and gender. Gender, Place and Culture 12:49-51.
103. Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
104. Schein, R. H. 2002. Race, racism, and geography: Introduction. The Professional Geographer 54:1-6.
105. Sheppard, E. 2001. Quantitative geography: Representations, practices, and possibilities. Environment and Planning E: Society and Space 19:535-44.
106. Sluyter, A. 2003. Neo-environmental determinism, intellectual damage control, and nature/society science. Antipode 35:813-17.
107. Sprague, J. 2005. Feminist methodologies for critical researchers: Bridging differences. New York: Altamira Press.
108. Stanfield, J. H., II. 1996. The myth of race and the human sciences. Journal of Negro Education 64:218-31.
109. Stanfield, J. H., II. 1999. Slipping through the front door: Relevant social scientific evaluation in the people of color century. American Journal of Evaluation 20:415-32.
110. Sundstrom, R. 2003. Race and place: Social space in the production of human kinds. Philosophy & Geography 6:83-95.
111. Sundstrom, R. 2004. Racial politics in residential segregation studies. Philosophy & Geography 7:61-78.
112. Tobler, W. R. 1970. A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region. Economic Geography 46:234-40.
113. Tucker, W. H. 1994. The science and politics of racial research. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
114. Ueland, J., and B. Warf. 2006. Racialized topographies: Altitude and race in southern cities. Geographical Review 96:50-78.
115. Wall, L. L. 2006. The medical ethics of Dr. J. Marion Sims: A fresh look at the historical record. Journal of Medical Ethics 32:346-56.
116. Westerman, M. A. 2006. Quantitative research as an interpretive enterprise: The mostly unacknowledged role of interpretation in research efforts and suggestions for explicitly interpretive quantitative investigations. New Ideas in Psychology 24:189-211.
117. Wheeler, D., and M. Tiefelsdorf. 2005. Multicollinearity and correlation among local regression coefficients in geographically weighted regression. Journal of Geographical Systems 7:161-87.
118. Wilson, B. M. 2002. Critically understanding raceconnected practices: A reading of W. E. B. DuBois and Richard Wright. The Professional Geographer 54:31-41.
119. Winders, J., J. P. Jones, III, and M. J. Higgins. 2005. Making g̈ueras: Selling white identities on latenight Mexican television. Gender, Place and Culture 12:71-93.
120. Wittgenstein, L. 1969. On certainty. Ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe and D. Paul. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
121. Woods, C. 1998. Development arrested: The blues and plantation power in the Mississippi Delta. London: Verso.
122. Woods, C. 2002. Life after death. The Professional Geographer 54:62-66.
123. Wright, R., and M. Ellis. 2006. Mapping others. Progress in Human Geography 30:285-88.
124. Wright, R., M. Ellis, and V. Parks. 2005. Re-placing whiteness in spatial assimilation research. City & Community 4:111-35.
125. Wyly, E. K., and S. R. Holloway. 2002. Invisible cities: Geography and the disappearance of race from mortgage-lending data in the USA. Social & Cultural Geography 3:247-82.