The formation and early evolution of the Greensburg, Kansas, tornadic supercell on 4 May 2007

Weather and Forecasting

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 899-920

  Bluestein, Howard B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONVECTIVE STORMS; CYCLIC PRODUCTION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MESOSCALE; OPERATIONAL DATA; REAR-FLANK; SEVERE WEATHER; STORM BEHAVIOR; SUPER CELL; WEATHER SURVEILLANCE RADAR-1988 DOPPLER;

DOPPLER RADAR; RADAR; SURVEILLANCE RADAR; TORNADOES;

STORMS;

CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; DATA SET; DOPPLER RADAR; STORM; SUPERCELL; TORNADO; WEATHER FORECASTING;

GREENSBURG; KANSAS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 74549196900     PISSN: 08828156     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009WAF2222206.1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Adlerman, E. J., and K. K. Droegemeier, 2002: The sensitivity of numerically simulated cyclic mesocyclogenesis to variations in model physical and computational parameters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2671-2691.
2. Adlerman, E. J., and K. K. Droegemeier, 2005: The dependence of numerically simulated cyclic mesocyclogenesis upon environmental vertical wind shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3595-3623.
3. Beck, J. R., J. L. Schroeder, and J. M. Wurman, 2006: Highresolution dual-Doppler analyses of the 29 May 2001 Kress, Texas, cyclic supercell. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 3125-3148.
4. Bluestein, H. B., and C. J. Sohl, 1979: Some observations of a splitting severe thunderstorm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 861-873.
5. Bluestein, H. B., and S. S. Parker, 1993: Modes of isolated, severe convective storm formation along the dryline. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1354-1372.
6. Bluestein, H. B., and M. L. Weisman, 2000: The interaction of numerically simulated supercells initiated along lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3128-3149.
7. Bluestein, H. B., and Coauthors, 1987: Forecasting and nowcasting cumulus convection with soundings released from a storm-intercept vehicle. Proc. Mesoscale Analysis and Forecasting Symp., Vancouver, BC, Canada, IAMAP-IUGG, 135-139.
8. Bluestein, H. B., and Coauthors, 2007: Close-range observations of tornadoes in supercells made with a dual-polarization, X-band, mobile Doppler radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1522-1543.
9. Bryan, G. H., J. C. Wyngaard, and J. M. Fritsch, 2003: Resolution requirements for the simulation of deep moist convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2394-2416.
10. Bunkers, M. J., B. A. Klimowski, J. W. Zeitler, R. L. Thompson, and M. L. Weisman, 2000: Predicting supercell motion using a new hodograph technique. Wea. Forecasting, 15, 61-79.
11. Crawford, T. M., and H. B. Bluestein, 1997: Characteristics of dryline passage during COPS-91. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 463-477.
12. Dowell, D. C., and H. B. Bluestein, 2002a: The 8 June 1995 McLean, Texas, storm. Part I: Observations of cyclic tornadogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2626-2648.
13. Dowell, D. C., and H. B. Bluestein, 2002b: The 8 June 1995 McLean, Texas, storm. Part II: Cyclic tornado formation, maintenance, and dissipation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2649-2670.
14. Fovell, R. G., and P. S. Dailey, 1995: The temporal behavior of numerically simulated multicell-type storms. Part I: Modes of behavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2073-2095.
15. Fovell, R. G., and P.-H. Tan, 1998: The temporal behavior of numerically simulated multicell-type storms. Part II: The convective cell life cycle and cell regeneration. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 551-577.
16. French, M. M., H. B. Bluestein, D. C. Dowell, L. J. Wicker, and A. L. Pazmany, 2008: High-resolution, mobile Doppler radar observations of cyclic mesocyclogenesis in a supercell. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 4997-5016.
17. Hane, C. E., H. B. Bluestein, T. M. Crawford, M. E. Baldwin, and R. M. Rabin, 1997: Severe thunderstorm development in relation to along-dryline variability: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 231-251.
18. Hane, C. E., M. E. Baldwin, H. B. Bluestein, T. M. Crawford, and R. M. Rabin, 2001: A case study of severe storm development along a dryline within a synoptically active environment. Part I: Dryline motion and an Eta Model forecast. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2183-2204.
19. Kong, F., and Coauthors, 2007: Preliminary analysis on the realtime storm-scale ensemble forecasts produced as a part of the NOAA Hazardous Weather Tesbed 2007 Spring Experiment. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting/ 18th Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Park City, UT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 3B.2. [Available online at http://ams. confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/124667.pdf.]
20. LaDue, J., and E. A. Mahoney, 2006: Implementing the new enhanced Fujita scale within the NWS. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5.5. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/ 115420.pdf.]
21. Moller, A. R., 1978: The improved NWS storm spotters' training program at Ft. Worth, Tex. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 59, 1574-1582.
22. National Climatic Data Center, cited 2007, 2007 Annual Climate Review-U.S. summary. [Available online at http://www.ncdc. noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2007/ann/us-summary.html.]
23. Rasmussen, E. N., 2003: Refined supercell and tornado forecast parameters. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 530-535.
24. Rasmussen, E. N., and D. O. Blanchard, 1998: A baseline climatology of soundingderived supercell and tornado forecast parameters. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1148-1164.
25. Rotunno, R., J. B. Klemp, and M. L. Weisman, 1988: A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 463-485.
26. Speheger, D. A., C. A. Doswell III, and G. J. Stumpf, 2002: The tornadoes of 3 May 1999: Event verification in central Oklahoma and related issues. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 362-381.
27. Thompson, R. L., and R. Edwards, 2000: An overview of environmental conditions and forecast implications of the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak. Wea. Forecasting, 15, 682-699.
28. Weisman, M. L., and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical shear and buoyancy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 504-520.
29. Weisman, M. L., W. C. Skamarock, and J. B. Klemp, 1997: The resolution dependence of explicitly modeled convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 527-548.
30. Weisman, M. L., C. Davis, W. Wang, K. W. Manning, and J. B. Klemp, 2008: Experiences with 0-36-h explicit convective forecasts with the WRF-ARW model. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 407-437.
31. Wilhelmson, R. B., and J. B. Klemp, 1981: A three-dimensional numerical simulation of splitting severe storms on 3 April 1964. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1581-1600.
32. Wurman, J., Y. Richardson, C. Alexander, S. Weygandt, and P. F. Zhang, 2007: Dual-Doppler and single-Doppler analysis of a tornadic storm undergoing mergers and repeated tornadogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 736-758.