The power of the past: Using sediments to track the effects of multiple stressors on lake ecosystems

Freshwater Biology

Volumn 55, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2010, Pages 43-59

  Smol, John P ^a  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Calcium; Climate change; Contaminants; Lake sediments; Long term environmental change; Multiple stressors; Palaeolimnology

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; CHRYSOPHYCEAE; DAPHNIA; SYNURA;

EID: 74549133430     PISSN: 00465070     EISSN: 13652427     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02373.x     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Alstad N.E.W., Skardal L. Hessen D.O. (1999) The effect of calcium concentration on the calcification of Daphnia magna. Limnology and Oceanography, 44, 2011 2017.
2. Antoniades D., Crawley C., Douglas M.S.V., Pienitz R., Andersen D., Doran P.T., Hawes I., Pollard W. Vincent W.F. (2007) Abrupt environmental change in Canada's northernmost lake inferred from fossil diatom and pigment stratigraphy. Geophyical. Research Letters, 34, L18708, doi :.
3. Ashforth D. Yan N.D. (2008) The interactive effects of calcium concentrations and temperature on the survival and reproduction of Daphnia pulex at high and low food concentrations. Limnology and Oceanography, 53, 420 432.
4. Bennion H. Battarbee R.W. (2007) The European Union Water Framework Directive: opportunities for palaeolimnology. Journal of Paleolimnology, 38, 285 295.
5. Birks H.H. Birks H.J.B. (2006) Multi-proxy studies in palaeolimnology. Vegetation History and Archaebotany, 15, 235 251.
6. Blais J.M., Kimpe L.E., McMahon D., Keatley B.E., Mallory M.L., Douglas M.S.V. Smol J.P. (2005) Arctic seabirds transport marine-derived contaminants. Science, 309, 445.
7. Blais J.M., Macdonald R.W., Mackay D., Webster E., Harvey C. Smol J.P. (2007) Biologically mediated transport of contaminants to aquatic ecosystems. Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 1075 1084.
8. Bradley R.S. (1999) Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary. Academic Press, San Diego.
9. Cairns A. Yan N. (2009) A review of the influence of low ambient calcium concentrations on daphniids, gammarids and crayfish. Environmental Reviews, 17, 67 79.
10. Charles D.F., Whitehead D.R., Engstrom D.R. et al. (1987) Paleolimnological evidence for recent acidification of Big Moose L., Adirondack Mountains, N.Y. (U.S.A.). Biogeochemistry, 3, 267 296.
11. Clair T.A., Pollock T., Brun G., Ouellet A. Lockerbie D. (2001) Environment Canada's acid precipitation monitoring networks in Atlantic Canada. Occasional Report No. 16. (Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada).
12. Cohen A.S. (2003) Paleolimnology: The History and Evolution of Lake Systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
13. Cumming B.F., Smol J.P., Kingston J.C., Charles D.F., Birks H.J.B., Camburn K.E., Dixit S.S., Uutala A.J. Selle A.R. (1992a) How much acidification has occurred in Adirondack region (New York, USA) lakes since pre-industrial time? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 128 141.
14. Cumming B.F., Davey K., Smol J.P. Birks H.J. (1994) When did Adirondack Mountain lakes begin to acidify and are they still acidifying? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51, 1550 1568.
15. DeSellas A.M. (2006) Tracking Long-Term Environmental Change in Lakes Affected by Multiple Stressors Using Sedimentary Cladoceran Remains. M.Sc. thesis. Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.
16. Dixit S.S., Dixit A.S. Smol J.P. (1989a) Lake acidification recovery can be monitored using chrysophycean microfossils. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, 1309 1312.
17. Dixit S.S., Dixit A.S. Smol J.P. (1989b) Relationship between chrysophyte assemblages and environmental variables in 72 Sudbury lakes as examined by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, 1667 1676.
18. Dixit A.S., Dixit S.S. Smol J.P. (1992a) Long-term trends in lake water pH and metal concentrations inferred from diatoms and chrysophytes in three lakes near Sudbury, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49 (Suppl. 1 17 24.
19. Dixit S.S., Dixit A.S. Smol J.P. (1992b) Assessment of changes in lake water chemistry in Sudbury area lakes since preindustrial times. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49 (Suppl. 1 8 16.
20. Dixit S.S., Smol J.P., Charles D.F., Hughes R.M., Paulsen S.G. Collins G.B. (1999) Assessing water quality changes in the lakes of the Northeastern United States using sediment diatoms. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56, 131 152.
21. Dixit A.S., Alpay S., Dixit S.S. Smol J.P. (2007) Paleolimnological reconstructions of Rouyn-Noranda lakes within the zone of influence of the Horne Smelter, Québec (Canada). Journal of Paleolimnology, 38, 209 226.
22. Douglas M.S.V. Smol J.P. (2000) Eutrophication and recovery in the High Arctic: Meretta Lake revisited. Hydrobiologia, 431, 193 204.
23. Douglas M.S.V., Smol J.P. Blake W. Jr. (1994) Marked post-18th century environmental change in high Arctic ecosystems. Science, 266, 416 419.
24. Driscoll C.T., Likens G.E., Hedin L.O., Eaton J.S. Bormann F.H. (1989) Changes in the chemistry of surface waters. Environmental Science & Technology, 23, 137 143.
25. Driscoll C.T., Driscoll K.M., Roy K.M. Mitchell M.J. (2003) Chemical response of lakes in the Adirondack region of New York to declines in acidic deposition. Environmental Science & Technology, 37, 2036 2042.
26. European Commission (2000) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and on the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal L, 327/1, 1 73.
27. European Commission (2003) Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), Guidance Document No. 10, Rivers and Lakes - Typology, Reference Conditions and Classification Systems. Produced by Working Group 2.3 - REFCOND. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
28. Francus P. (Ed 2004) Image Analysis, Sediments and Paleoenvironments. Springer, Dordrecht.
29. Ginn B., Cumming B.F. Smol J.P. (2007) Assessing pH changes since pre-industrial times in 51 low-alkalinity lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64, 1043 1054.
30. Ginn B.K., Rate M., Cumming B.F. Smol J.P. (2009) Ecological distribution of scaled-chrysophyte assemblages from the sediments of 54 lakes in Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology. doi :.
31. Guhrén M., Bigler C. Renberg I. (2007) Liming placed in a long-term perspective: a paleolimnological study of 12 lakes in the Swedish liming program. Journal of Paleolimnology, 37, 247 258.
32. Hall R.I. Smol J.P. (1996) Paleolimnological assessment of long-term water-quality changes in south-central Ontario lakes affected by cottage development and acidification. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53, 1 17.
33. Hedin L.O. Likens G.E. (1996) Atmospheric dust and acid rain. Scientific American, December, 1996, 86 92.
34. Hedin L.O., Granat L., Likens G.E., Buishand T.A., Galloway J.N., Butler T.J. Rodhe H. (1994) Steep declines in atmospheric base cations in regions of Europe and North America. Nature, 367, 351 354.
35. Hessen D.O., Alstad N.E.W. Skardal L. (2000) Calcium limitation in Daphnia magna. Journal of Plankton Research, 22, 553 568.
36. Hodgson D.A. Smol J.P. (2008) High-latitude paleolimnology. In : Polar Lakes and Rivers (Eds W. Vincent J. Laybourn-Parry pp. 43 64. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
37. Hyatt C.V., Paterson A.M., Cumming B.F. Smol J.P. (2010) Factors governing regional and temporal variation in the distribution of scaled chrysophytes in northeastern North America: evidence from lake sediments in northeastern North America: evidence from lake sediments. Nova Hedwigia, in press.
38. Jeziorski A. Yan N.D. (2006) Species identity and aqueous calcium concentrations as determinants of calcium concentrations of freshwater crustacean zooplankton. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63, 1007 1013.
39. Jeziorski A., Yan N.D., Paterson A.M. et al. (2008a) The widespread threat of calcium decline in fresh waters. Science, 322, 1374 1377.
40. Jeziorski A., Paterson A.M., Yan N.D. Smol J.P. (2008b) Calcium levels in Daphnia ephippia cannot provide a useful paleolimnological indicator of historical lakewater Ca concentrations. Journal of Paleolimnology, 39, 421 425.
41. Jöhnk K.D., Huisman J.E.F., Sharples J., Sommereijer B., Visser P.M. Strooms J.M. (2008) Summer heatwaves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria. Global Change Biology, 14, 495 512.
42. Keatley B., Douglas M.S.V. Smol J.P. (2008) Prolonged ice cover dampens diatom community responses to recent climatic change in high Arctic lakes. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 40, 364 372.
43. Keller W. (2007) Implications of climate warming for Boreal Shield lakes: a review and synthesis. Environmental Reviews, 15, 99 112.
44. Keller W., Dixit S.S. Heneberry J. (2001) Calcium declines in northeastern Ontario lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58, 2011 2020.
45. Korhola A. Rautio M. (2001) Cladocera and other brachiopod crustaceans. In : Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments 4: Zoological Indicators Eds J.P. Smol, H.J.B. Birks W.M. Last pp. 5 41. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
46. Last W.M. Smol J.P. (Eds 2001a) Tracking Environmental Change using Lake Sediments. Volume 1: Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
47. Last W.M. Smol J.P. (Eds 2001b) Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 2: Physical and Geochemical Methods. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
48. Leira M., Jordan P., Taylor D., Dalton C., Bennion H., Rose N. Irvine K. (2006) Assessing the ecological status of candidate reference lakes in Ireland using palaeolimnology. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 816 827.
49. Leng M.J. (Ed. 2006) Isotopes in Palaeoenvironmental Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
50. Likens G.E., Driscoll C.T. Buso D.C. (1996) Long-term effects of acid rain: response and recovery of a forest ecosystem. Science, 272, 244 246.
51. Michelutti N., Douglas M.S.V. Smol J.P. (2003) Diatom response to recent climatic warming in a high arctic lake (Char Lake, Resolute Bay, Cornwallis Island, Nunavut). Global and Planetary Change, 38, 257 271.
52. Michelutti N., Hermanson M.H., Smol J.P., Dillon P.J. Douglas M.S.V. (2007) Delayed response of diatom assemblage changes to sewage inputs in an Arctic lake. Aquatic Sciences, 69, 523 533.
53. Michelutti N., Keatley B.E., Brimble S., Blais J.M., Liu H., Douglas M.S.V., Mallory M.L. Smol J.P. (2009) Seabird-driven shifts in Arctic pond ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society (London), Series B, 276, 591 596.
54. Nicholls K.H. (1995) Chrysophyte blooms in the plankton and neuston of marine and freshwater systems. In : Chrysophyte Algae: Ecology, Phylogeny, and Development (Eds C.D. Sandgren, J.P. Smol J. Kristiansen pp. 181 213. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
55. Nicholls K.H. Gerrath J.F. (1985) The taxonomy of Synura (Chrysophyceae) in Ontario with special reference to taste and odour in water supplies. Canadian Journal of Botany, 63, 1482 1493.
56. Paerl H.W. Huisman J. (2008) Blooms like it hot. Science, 320, 57 58.
57. Paterson A.M., Cumming B.F., Smol J.P. Hall R.I. (2001) Scaled chrysophytes as indicators of water quality changes since preindustrial times in the Muskoka-Haliburton region, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58, 2468 2481.
58. Paterson A.M., Betts-Piper A.A., Smol J.P. Zeeb B.A. (2003) Diatom and chrysophyte algal response to long-term PCB contamination from a point-source in northern Labrador, Canada. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 145, 377 393.
59. Paterson A.M., Cumming B.F., Smol J.P. Hall R.I. (2004) Marked recent increases of colonial scaled chrysophytes in boreal lakes: implications for the management of taste and odour events. Freshwater Biology, 49, 199 207.
60. Paterson A.M., Winter J.G., Nicholls K.H., Clark B.J., Ramcharan C.W., Yan N.D. Somers K.M. (2008) Long-term changes in phytoplankton composition in seven Canadian Shield lakes in response to multiple anthropogenic stressors. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 65, 846 861.
61. Quinlan R. Smol J.P. (2002) Regional assessment of long-term hypolimnetic oxygen changes in Ontario (Canada) shield lakes using subfossil chironomids. Journal of Paleolimnology, 27, 249 260.
62. Quinlan R., Hall R.I., Paterson A.M., Cumming B.F. Smol J.P. (2008) Long-term assessments of ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems from paleoecological analyses: challenges to traditional perspectives of lake management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 65, 933 944.
63. Reavie E.D., Smol J.P. Dillon P.J. (2002) Inferring long-term nutrient changes in southeastern Ontario lakes: comparing paleolimnological and mass-balance models. Hydrobiologia, 481, 61 74.
64. Rosenzweig C., Karoly D., Vicarelli M. et al. (2008) Attributing physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change. Nature, 453, 353 357.
65. Rühland K. Smol J.P. (2005) Diatom shifts as evidence for recent Subarctic warming in a remote tundra lake, NWT, Canada. Palaeogeogaphy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 226, 1 16.
66. Rühland K., Priesnitz A. Smol J.P. (2003) Paleolimnological evidence from diatoms for recent environmental changes in 50 lakes the across Canadian arctic treeline. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 35, 110 123.
67. Rühland K., Paterson A.M. Smol J.P. (2008) Hemispheric-scale patterns of climate-induced shifts in planktonic diatoms from North American and European lakes. Global Change Biology, 14, 2740 2745.
68. Scheuhammer A.M. (1991) Effects of acidification on the availability of toxic metals and calcium to wild birds and mammals. Environmental Pollution, 71, 329 375.
69. Scheuhammer A.M., McNicol D.K., Mallory M.L. Kerekes J.J. (1997) Relationships between lake chemistry and calcium and trace metal concentrations of aquatic invertebrates eaten by breeding insectivorous waterfowl. Environmental Pollution, 96, 235 247.
70. Schindler D.W. Smol J.P. (2006) Cumulative effects of climate warming and other human activities on freshwaters of Arctic and Subarctic North America. Ambio, 35, 160 168.
71. Siver P.A., Lott A.M., Cash E., Moss J. Marsicano J. (1999) Century changes in Connecticut, U.S.A., lakes as inferred from siliceous algal remains and their relationships to land-use changes. Limnology and Oceanography, 44, 1928 1935.
72. Skjelkvåle B.L., Stoddard J.L., Jeffries D.S. et al. (2005) Regional scale evidence for improvements in surface water chemistry 1990-2001. Environmental Pollution, 137, 165 176.
73. Smol J.P. (1980) Fossil synuracean (Chrysophyceae) scales in lake sediments: a new group of paleoindicators. Canadian Journal of Botany, 58, 458.
74. Smol J.P. (1995) Application of chrysophytes to problems in paleoecology. In : Chrysophyte Algae: Ecology, Phylogeny, and Development (Eds C.D. Sandgren, J.P. Smol J. Kristiansen pp. 303 329. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
75. Smol J.P. (2008) Pollution of Lakes and Rivers: A Paleoenvironmental Perspective, 2nd edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
76. Smol J.P. Cumming B.F. (2000) Tracking long-term changes in climate using algal indicators in lake sediments. Journal of Phycology, 36, 986 1011.
77. Smol J.P. Douglas M.S.V. (2007a) From controversy to consensus: making the case for recent climate change in the Arctic using lake sediments. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 466 474.
78. Smol J.P. Douglas M.S.V. (2007b) Crossing the final ecological threshold in high Arctic ponds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 12395 12397.
79. Smol J.P., Cumming B.F., Dixit A.S. Dixit S.S. (1998) Tracking recovery patterns in acidified lakes: a paleolimnological perspective. Restoration Ecology, 6, 318 326.
80. Smol J.P., Birks H.J.B. Last W.M. (Eds 2001a) Tracking Environmental Change using Lake Sediments. Volume 3: Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
81. Smol J.P., Birks H.J.B. Last W.M. (Eds 2001b) Tracking Environmental Change using Lake Sediments. Volume 4: Zoological Indicators. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
82. Smol J.P., Wolfe A.P., Birks H.J.B. et al. (2005) Climate-driven regime shifts in the biological communities of arctic lakes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 4397 4402.
83. Sorvari S., Korhola A. Thompson R. (2002) Lake diatom response to recent Arctic warming in Finnish Lapland. Global Change Biology, 8, 171 181.
84. Stoddard J.L., Jeffries D.S., Lukewille A. et al. (1999) Regional trends in aquatic recovery from acidification in North America and Europe. Nature, 401, 575 578.
85. Waervagen S.B., Rukke N.A. Hessen D.O. (2002) Calcium content of crustacean zooplankton and its potential role in species distribution. Freshwater Biology, 47, 1866 1878.
86. Watmough S.A. Aherne J. (2008) Estimating calcium weathering rates and future lake calcium concentrations in the Muskoka-Haliburton region of Ontario. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 65, 821 833.
87. Watmough S.A., Aherne J. Dillon P.J. (2003) Potential impact of forest harvesting on lake chemistry in south-central Ontario at current levels of acid deposition. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 60, 1095 1103.
88. Watmough S.A., Aherne J., Alewell C. et al. (2005) Sulphate, nitrogen and base cation budgets at 21 forested catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 109, 1 36.
89. Watson S.B. (2004) Aquatic taste and odor: a primary signal of drinking-water integrity. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 67, 1779 1795.
90. Yan N.D., Mackie G.L. Boomer D. (1989) Seasonal patterns in metal levels of the net plankton of three Canadian Shield lakes. The Science of the Total Environment, 87/88, 439 461.