메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-27

The independent and joint effects of race/ethnicity, gender, and age on sentencing outcomes in U.S. federal courts

Author keywords

Age; Disparity; Gender; Race ethnicity; Sentencing

Indexed keywords


EID: 74349117518     PISSN: 07418825     EISSN: 17459109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07418820902926197     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (229)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 84935532498 scopus 로고
    • An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion
    • Albonetti, C. (1991). An integration of theories to explain judicial discretion. Social Problems, 38(2), 247-266.
    • (1991) Social Problems , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-266
    • Albonetti, C.1
  • 2
    • 0031329908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendants characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992
    • Albonetti, C. (1997). Sentencing under the federal sentencing guidelines: Effects of defendants characteristics, guilty pleas, and departures on sentence outcomes for drug offenses, 1991-1992. Law and Society Review, 31(4), 789-822.
    • (1997) Law and Society Review , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 789-822
    • Albonetti, C.1
  • 3
    • 0032245170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of case complexity, guilty pleas, and offender characteristics on sentencing for offenders convicted of a white-collar offense prior to sentencing guidelines
    • Albonetti, C. (1998). Direct and indirect effects of case complexity, guilty pleas, and offender characteristics on sentencing for offenders convicted of a white-collar offense prior to sentencing guidelines. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 14(4), 353-379.
    • (1998) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-379
    • Albonetti, C.1
  • 6
    • 0021044014 scopus 로고
    • An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data
    • Berk, R. A. (1983). An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data. American Sociological Review, 48(3), 386-398.
    • (1983) American Sociological Review , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 386-398
    • Berk, R.A.1
  • 7
    • 84928832459 scopus 로고
    • The impact of gender-based family roles on criminal sentencing
    • Bickle, G., & Peterson, R. (1991). The impact of gender-based family roles on criminal sentencing. Social Problems, 38(3), 372-394.
    • (1991) Social Problems , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 372-394
    • Bickle, G.1    Peterson, R.2
  • 8
    • 0020424317 scopus 로고
    • On the racial disproportionality of United States' prison populations
    • Blumstein, A. (1982). On the racial disproportionality of United States' prison populations. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 73, 1259-1281.
    • (1982) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.73 , pp. 1259-1281
    • Blumstein, A.1
  • 9
    • 34248370932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the magic still there? The use of the Heckman two-step correction for selection bias in criminology
    • Bushway, S., Johnson, B., & Slocum, L. (2007). Is the magic still there? The use of the Heckman two-step correction for selection bias in criminology. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 23(2), 151-178.
    • (2007) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-178
    • Bushway, S.1    Johnson, B.2    Slocum, L.3
  • 10
    • 84976952677 scopus 로고
    • Elderly felons and sentencing severity: Interregional variations in leniency and sentencing trends
    • Champion, D. J. (1987). Elderly felons and sentencing severity: Interregional variations in leniency and sentencing trends. Criminal Justice Review, 12(2), 7-14.
    • (1987) Criminal Justice Review , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 7-14
    • Champion, D.J.1
  • 12
    • 33748759128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problem with 'addition by subtraction': The prison-crime relationship in low-income communities
    • In M. Mauer & M. Chesney-Lind (Eds.), New York: New Press
    • Clear, T. R. (2002). The problem with 'addition by subtraction': The prison-crime relationship in low-income communities. In M. Mauer & M. Chesney-Lind (Eds.), Invis-ible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonment (pp. 181-194). New York: New Press.
    • (2002) Invis-ible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment , pp. 181-194
    • Clear, T.R.1
  • 13
    • 0141989151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coercive mobility and crime: A preliminary examination of concentrated incarceration and social disorganization
    • Clear, T. R., Rose, D. R., Waring, E., & Scully, K. (2003). Coercive mobility and crime: A preliminary examination of concentrated incarceration and social disorganization. Justice Quarterly, 20(1), 33-64.
    • (2003) Justice Quarterly , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-64
    • Clear, T.R.1    Rose, D.R.2    Waring, E.3    Scully, K.4
  • 14
    • 84935560149 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination in the criminal courts: Family, gender, and problems of equal treatment
    • Daly, K. (1987). Discrimination in the criminal courts: Family, gender, and problems of equal treatment. Social Forces, 66, 152-175.
    • (1987) Social Forces , vol.66 , pp. 152-175
    • Daly, K.1
  • 15
    • 84946303871 scopus 로고
    • Sex effects and sentencing: A review of the statistical literature
    • Daly, K., & Bordt, R. (1995). Sex effects and sentencing: A review of the statistical literature. Justice Quarterly, 12, 143-177.
    • (1995) Justice Quarterly , vol.12 , pp. 143-177
    • Daly, K.1    Bordt, R.2
  • 16
    • 1642393710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of citizenship status on sentencing outcomes in drug cases
    • Demuth, S. (2002). The effect of citizenship status on sentencing outcomes in drug cases. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 14(5), 271-275.
    • (2002) Federal Sentencing Reporter , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 271-275
    • Demuth, S.1
  • 17
    • 1642418520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in pretrial release decisions and outcomes: A comparison of Hispanic, Black, and White felony arrestees
    • Demuth, S. (2003). Racial and ethnic differences in pretrial release decisions and outcomes: A comparison of Hispanic, Black, and White felony arrestees. Criminology, 41(3), 873-907.
    • (2003) Criminology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 873-907
    • Demuth, S.1
  • 18
    • 10444223096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity effects on sentence outcomes in large urban courts: Comparisons among White, Black, and Hispanic defendants
    • Demuth, S., & Steffensmeier, D. (2004). Ethnicity effects on sentence outcomes in large urban courts: Comparisons among White, Black, and Hispanic defendants. Social Science Quarterly, 85(4), 994-1011.
    • (2004) Social Science Quarterly , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 994-1011
    • Demuth, S.1    Steffensmeier, D.2
  • 19
    • 84937292463 scopus 로고
    • The organization context of criminal sentencing
    • Dixon, J. (1995). The organization context of criminal sentencing. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 1157-1198.
    • (1995) American Journal of Sociology , vol.100 , pp. 1157-1198
    • Dixon, J.1
  • 20
    • 0040362686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effects of legally relevant and extrale-gal factors under sentencing guidelines: The rules have changed
    • Engen, R. J., & Gainey, R. R. (2000). Modeling the effects of legally relevant and extrale-gal factors under sentencing guidelines: The rules have changed. Criminology, 38(4), 1207-1230.
    • (2000) Criminology , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 1207-1230
    • Engen, R.J.1    Gainey, R.R.2
  • 21
    • 0036246529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difference, disparity and race/ethnic bias in federal sentencing
    • Everett, R. S., & Wojtkiewicz, R. A. (2002). Difference, disparity and race/ethnic bias in federal sentencing. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18(2), 189-211.
    • (2002) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-211
    • Everett, R.S.1    Wojtkiewicz, R.A.2
  • 22
    • 84984054665 scopus 로고
    • The social and cognitive structure of legal decision-making
    • Farrell, R. A., & Holmes, M. D. (1991). The social and cognitive structure of legal decision-making. Sociological Quarterly, 32, 529-542.
    • (1991) Sociological Quarterly , vol.32 , pp. 529-542
    • Farrell, R.A.1    Holmes, M.D.2
  • 23
    • 84925911806 scopus 로고
    • Prior offense record as a self-fulfilling prophecy
    • Farrell, R. A., & Swigert, V. L. (1978). Prior offense record as a self-fulfilling prophecy. Law and Society Review, 12, 437-453.
    • (1978) Law and Society Review , vol.12 , pp. 437-453
    • Farrell, R.A.1    Swigert, V.L.2
  • 24
    • 0007061469 scopus 로고
    • Compelling appearance in court: Administration of bail in Philadelphia
    • Foote, C. (1954). Compelling appearance in court: Administration of bail in Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 102, 1031-1079.
    • (1954) University of Pennsylvania Law Review , vol.102 , pp. 1031-1079
    • Foote, C.1
  • 28
    • 33845627787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-based disparities in felony dispositions before versus after sentencing reform in Ohio
    • Griffin, T., & Wooldredge, J. (2006). Sex-based disparities in felony dispositions before versus after sentencing reform in Ohio. Criminology, 44(4), 893-923.
    • (2006) Criminology , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 893-923
    • Griffin, T.1    Wooldredge, J.2
  • 29
    • 0347616377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location, location, location: Interdistrict and intercircuit variation in sentencing outcomes for federal drug-trafficking offenses
    • Kautt, P. M. (2002). Location, location, location: Interdistrict and intercircuit variation in sentencing outcomes for federal drug-trafficking offenses. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 633-671.
    • (2002) Justice Quarterly , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 633-671
    • Kautt, P.M.1
  • 30
    • 84925901160 scopus 로고
    • Any women's blues: A critical overview of women, crime, and the criminal justice system
    • Klein, D., & Kress, J. (1976). Any women's blues: A critical overview of women, crime, and the criminal justice system. Crime and Social Justice, 5, 34-59.
    • (1976) Crime and Social Justice , vol.5 , pp. 34-59
    • Klein, D.1    Kress, J.2
  • 31
    • 0036562989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of gender on the decision to incarcerate before and after the introduction of sentencing guidelines
    • Koons-Witt, B. (2002). The effects of gender on the decision to incarcerate before and after the introduction of sentencing guidelines. Criminology 40, 297-328.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , pp. 297-328
    • Koons-Witt, B.1
  • 32
  • 34
    • 33745311452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration and the formation and stability of marital unions
    • Lopoo, L. M., & Western, B. (2005). Incarceration and the formation and stability of marital unions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(3), 721-734.
    • (2005) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 721-734
    • Lopoo, L.M.1    Western, B.2
  • 36
    • 0347176864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotyping by politicians: Immigrant bashing and nativist political movements
    • In C. R. Mann and M. S. Zatz (Eds.), Los Angeles: Roxbury
    • Mata, A. G. (1998). Stereotyping by politicians: Immigrant bashing and nativist political movements. In C. R. Mann and M. S. Zatz (Eds.), Images of color, images of crime (pp. 145-155). Los Angeles: Roxbury.
    • (1998) Images of Color, Images of Crime , pp. 145-155
    • Mata, A.G.1
  • 37
    • 84984310794 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic disparities under determinate sentencing systems: A comparison of preguideline and postguideline practices in Minnesota
    • Miethe, T. D., & Moore, C. A. (1985). Socioeconomic disparities under determinate sentencing systems: A comparison of preguideline and postguideline practices in Minnesota. Criminology, 23, 337-363.
    • (1985) Criminology , vol.23 , pp. 337-363
    • Miethe, T.D.1    Moore, C.A.2
  • 38
    • 84984066018 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in criminal processing: The consequences of model selection on conclusions about differential treatment
    • Miethe, T. D., & Moore, C. A. (1986). Racial differences in criminal processing: The consequences of model selection on conclusions about differential treatment. Sociological Quarterly, 27, 217-237.
    • (1986) Sociological Quarterly , vol.27 , pp. 217-237
    • Miethe, T.D.1    Moore, C.A.2
  • 39
    • 26444438067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of race and sentencing research: Explaining the inconsistencies
    • Mitchell, O. (2005). A meta-analysis of race and sentencing research: Explaining the inconsistencies. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 21(4), 439-466.
    • (2005) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 439-466
    • Mitchell, O.1
  • 41
    • 74349130427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating racial disadvantage: The case of crack cocaine
    • In R. D. Peterson, L. J. Krivo, & John Hagan (Eds.), New York: New York University Press
    • Provine, D. M. (2006). Creating racial disadvantage: The case of crack cocaine. In R. D. Peterson, L. J. Krivo, & John Hagan (Eds.), The many colors of crime (pp. 277-294). New York: New York University Press.
    • (2006) The Many Colors of Crime , pp. 277-294
    • Provine, D.M.1
  • 43
    • 0000792346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic disparities in crime and criminal justice in the United States
    • Sampson, R. J., & Lauritsen, J. L. (1997). Racial and ethnic disparities in crime and criminal justice in the United States. Crime and Justice, 21, 311-374.
    • (1997) Crime and Justice , vol.21 , pp. 311-374
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Lauritsen, J.L.2
  • 44
    • 77955204408 scopus 로고
    • Law that does not fit society: Sentencing guidelines as aneoclassical reaction to the dilemmas of substantivized law
    • Savelsberg, J. J. (1992). Law that does not fit society: Sentencing guidelines as aneoclassical reaction to the dilemmas of substantivized law. American Journal of Sociology, 97(5), 1346-1381.
    • (1992) American Journal of Sociology , vol.97 , Issue.5 , pp. 1346-1381
    • Savelsberg, J.J.1
  • 45
    • 74349099475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No place for girls to go: How juvenile court officials respond to substance abuse among girls and boys
    • In K. Heimer and C. Kruttschnitt (Eds.), New York: New York University Press
    • Smith, H., Rodriguez, N., & Zatz, M. S. (2006). No place for girls to go: How juvenile court officials respond to substance abuse among girls and boys. In K. Heimer and C. Kruttschnitt (Eds.), Gender and crime (pp. 67-90). New York: New York University Press.
    • (2006) Gender and Crime , pp. 67-90
    • Smith, H.1    Rodriguez, N.2    Zatz, M.S.3
  • 46
    • 0012100155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty years of sentencing reform: The quest for a racially neutral sentencing process
    • Spohn, C. C. (2000). Thirty years of sentencing reform: The quest for a racially neutral sentencing process. Criminal Justice: The National Institute of Justice Journal, 3, 427-501.
    • (2000) Criminal Justice: The National Institute of Justice Journal , vol.3 , pp. 427-501
    • Spohn, C.C.1
  • 48
    • 0346444710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The imprisonment penalty paid by young, unemployed Black and Hispanic male offenders
    • Spohn, C. C., & Holleran, D. (2000). The imprisonment penalty paid by young, unemployed Black and Hispanic male offenders. Criminology, 38(1), 281-306.
    • (2000) Criminology , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 281-306
    • Spohn, C.C.1    Holleran, D.2
  • 49
    • 84935586282 scopus 로고
    • Women defendants in court: The interaction between sex and race in convicting and sentencing
    • Spohn, C. C., Welch, S., & Gruhl, J. (1985). Women defendants in court: The interaction between sex and race in convicting and sentencing. Social Science Quarterly, 66, 178-185.
    • (1985) Social Science Quarterly , vol.66 , pp. 178-185
    • Spohn, C.C.1    Welch, S.2    Gruhl, J.3
  • 50
    • 0033713962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and sentencing outcomes in U.S. federal courts: Who is punished more harshly?
    • Steffensmeier, D., & Demuth, S. (2000). Ethnicity and sentencing outcomes in U.S. federal courts: Who is punished more harshly? American Sociological Review, 65(5), 705-729.
    • (2000) American Sociological Review , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 705-729
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Demuth, S.2
  • 51
    • 0041075817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and judges' sentencing decision: Hispanic-Black-White comparisons
    • Steffensmeier, D., & Demuth, S. (2001). Ethnicity and judges' sentencing decision: Hispanic-Black-White comparisons. Criminology, 39(1), 145-178.
    • (2001) Criminology , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-178
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Demuth, S.2
  • 52
    • 33747660210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does gender modify the effects of race-ethnicity on criminal sanctioning? Sentences for male and female White, Black, and Hispanic defendants
    • Steffensmeier, D., & Demuth, S. (2006). Does gender modify the effects of race-ethnicity on criminal sanctioning? Sentences for male and female White, Black, and Hispanic defendants. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 22, 241-261.
    • (2006) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.22 , pp. 241-261
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Demuth, S.2
  • 55
    • 0034069183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Older men and older women in the arms of criminal law: Offending patterns and sentencing outcomes
    • Steffensmeier, D., & Motivans, M. (2000). Older men and older women in the arms of criminal law: Offending patterns and sentencing outcomes. Journal of Gerontology, 55, 141-151.
    • (2000) Journal of Gerontology , vol.55 , pp. 141-151
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Motivans, M.2
  • 56
    • 0041181131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male
    • Steffensmeier, D., Ulmer, J., & Kramer, J. (1998). The interaction of race, gender, and age in criminal sentencing: The punishment cost of being young, black, and male. Criminology, 36, 763-797.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 763-797
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Ulmer, J.2    Kramer, J.3
  • 57
    • 0000437842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tools for intuition about sample selection bias and its correction
    • Stolzenberg, R. M., & Relles, D. A. (1997). Tools for intuition about sample selection bias and its correction. American Sociological Review, 62(3), 494-507.
    • (1997) American Sociological Review , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 494-507
    • Stolzenberg, R.M.1    Relles, D.A.2
  • 58
    • 0004009259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Tonry, M. (1996). Sentencing matters. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1996) Sentencing Matters
    • Tonry, M.1
  • 59
    • 0036929738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democratic contraction? Political consequences of felon disenfranchisement in the United States
    • Uggen, C., & Manza, J. (2002). Democratic contraction? Political consequences of felon disenfranchisement in the United States. American Sociological Review, 67(6), 777-803.
    • (2002) American Sociological Review , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 777-803
    • Uggen, C.1    Manza, J.2
  • 61
    • 84937328657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rules have changes - so proceed with caution: A comment on Engen and Gainey's method for modeling sentencing outcomes under guidelines
    • Ulmer, J. T. (2000). The rules have changes - so proceed with caution: A comment on Engen and Gainey's method for modeling sentencing outcomes under guidelines. Criminology, 38(4), 1231-1243.
    • (2000) Criminology , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 1231-1243
    • Ulmer, J.T.1
  • 62
    • 1642633944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentencing in context: A multilevel analysis
    • Ulmer, J. T., & Johnson, B.(2004). Sentencing in context: A multilevel analysis. Criminology, 42(1),137-177.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-177
    • Ulmer, J.T.1    Johnson, B.2
  • 63
    • 0344064900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau, k
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). Census 2000 brief. k.
    • (2000) Census 2000 Brief
  • 65
    • 0003953213 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley CA: University of California Press
    • Weber, M. (1968). Economy and society. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
    • (1968) Economy and Society
    • Weber, M.1
  • 66
    • 2642521050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragile families: Young father with incarceration experiences
    • In G. L. Fox & M. L. Benson (Eds.), New York: JAI Press
    • Western, B., & McLanahan, S. (2000). Fragile families: Young father with incarceration experiences. In G. L. Fox & M. L. Benson (Eds.), Families, crime and criminal justice (pp. 309-324). New York: JAI Press.
    • (2000) Families, Crime and Criminal Justice , pp. 309-324
    • Western, B.1    McLanahan, S.2
  • 67
    • 0021142543 scopus 로고
    • Race, ethnicity, and determinate sentencing: A new dimension to an old controversy
    • Zatz, M. S. (1984). Race, ethnicity, and determinate sentencing: A new dimension to an old controversy. Criminology, 22, 147-171.
    • (1984) Criminology , vol.22 , pp. 147-171
    • Zatz, M.S.1
  • 68
    • 0023093153 scopus 로고
    • The changing forms of racial/ethnic biases in sentencing
    • Zatz, M. S. (1987). The changing forms of racial/ethnic biases in sentencing. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 24(1), 69-92.
    • (1987) Journal of Research In Crime and Delinquency , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-92
    • Zatz, M.S.1
  • 69
    • 0012069380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The convergence of race, ethnicity, gender and class on court decision making: Looking toward the 21st century
    • Zatz, M. S. (2000). The convergence of race, ethnicity, gender and class on court decision making: Looking toward the 21st century. Criminal Justice: The National Institute of Justice Journal, 3, 503-552.
    • (2000) Criminal Justice: The National Institute of Justice Journal , vol.3 , pp. 503-552
    • Zatz, M.S.1
  • 70
    • 74349115927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing race and ethnicity in studies of crime and criminal justice
    • In R. D. Peterson, L. J. Krivo, & J. Hagan (Eds.), New York: New York University Press
    • Zatz, M. S., & Rodriguez, N. (2006). Conceptualizing race and ethnicity in studies of crime and criminal justice. In R. D. Peterson, L. J. Krivo, & J. Hagan (Eds.), The many colors of crime (pp. 39-53). New York: New York University Press.
    • (2006) The Many Colors of Crime , pp. 39-53
    • Zatz, M.S.1    Rodriguez, N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.