메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue , 2006, Pages 1-93

SQUID Voltmeters and Amplifiers

Author keywords

Axion detector; Magnetic resonance imaging; Microstrip SQUID amplifier; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Quadrupole resonance; SQUID amplifiers; SQUID applications; SQUID readout of thermal detectors; SQUID systems; SQUID voltmeters

Indexed keywords


EID: 74349083336     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527609956.ch8     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (12)

References (195)
  • 1
    • 84996154717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A superconducting galvanometer employing Josephson tunneling
    • Clarke, J. (1996) A superconducting galvanometer employing Josephson tunneling, Phil. Mag. 13, 115-127.
    • (1996) Phil. Mag. , vol.13 , pp. 115-127
    • Clarke, J.1
  • 2
    • 0004911630 scopus 로고
    • Supercurrents in lead-copper-lead sandwiches
    • Clarke, J. (1969) Supercurrents in lead-copper-lead sandwiches, Proc. Roy. Soc. A308, 447-471.
    • (1969) Proc. Roy. Soc. , vol.A308 , pp. 447-471
    • Clarke, J.1
  • 3
    • 84996152730 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of thermoelectric power at low temperatures
    • Rumbo, E. (1969) Measurement of thermoelectric power at low temperatures, Phil. Mag. 13, 689-691.
    • (1969) Phil. Mag. , vol.13 , pp. 689-691
    • Rumbo, E.1
  • 5
    • 3743099751 scopus 로고
    • Experimental observation of pair-quasiparticle potential difference in nonequilibrium superconductors
    • Clarke, J. (1972) Experimental observation of pair-quasiparticle potential difference in nonequilibrium superconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1363-1366.
    • (1972) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1363-1366
    • Clarke, J.1
  • 6
    • 0001433743 scopus 로고
    • Ultra-low noise tunnel junction dc SQUID with a tightly coupled planar input coil
    • Ketchen, M.B., Jaycox, J.M. (1982) Ultra-low noise tunnel junction dc SQUID with a tightly coupled planar input coil, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 736-738.
    • (1982) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.40 , pp. 736-738
    • Ketchen, M.B.1    Jaycox, J.M.2
  • 7
    • 0001299218 scopus 로고
    • A broadband picovoltmeter based on the direct current superconducting quantum interference device with additional positive feedback
    • Polushkin, V., Drung, D., Koch, H. (1994) A broadband picovoltmeter based on the direct current superconducting quantum interference device with additional positive feedback, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65, 3005-3011.
    • (1994) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.65 , pp. 3005-3011
    • Polushkin, V.1    Drung, D.2    Koch, H.3
  • 11
    • 0015145158 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity enhancement of superconducting quantum interference devices through the use of fractional-turn loops
    • Zimmerman, J.E. (1971) Sensitivity enhancement of superconducting quantum interference devices through the use of fractional-turn loops, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 4483-4487.
    • (1971) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.42 , pp. 4483-4487
    • Zimmerman, J.E.1
  • 12
    • 0022161390 scopus 로고
    • Signal and noise theory for the dc SQUID
    • and references therein
    • Martinis, J.M., Clarke, J. (1985) Signal and noise theory for the dc SQUID, J. Low Temp. Phys. 61, 227-236, and references therein.
    • (1985) J. Low Temp. Phys. , vol.61 , pp. 227-236
    • Martinis, J.M.1    Clarke, J.2
  • 13
    • 0022161989 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of the dynamic input impedance of a dc SQUID
    • Hilbert, C., Clarke, J. (1985) Measurements of the dynamic input impedance of a dc SQUID, J. Low Temp. Phys. 61, 237-262.
    • (1985) J. Low Temp. Phys. , vol.61 , pp. 237-262
    • Hilbert, C.1    Clarke, J.2
  • 14
    • 0022162851 scopus 로고
    • DC SQUIDs as radiofrequency amplifiers
    • Hilbert, C. and Clarke, J. (1985) DC SQUIDs as radiofrequency amplifiers, J. Low Temp. Phys. 61, 263-280.
    • (1985) J. Low Temp. Phys. , vol.61 , pp. 263-280
    • Hilbert, C.1    Clarke, J.2
  • 15
    • 0017559249 scopus 로고
    • DC SQUID: noise and optimization
    • Tesche, C.D., Clarke, J. (1977) DC SQUID: noise and optimization, J. Low Temp. Phys. 27, 301-331.
    • (1977) J. Low Temp. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 301-331
    • Tesche, C.D.1    Clarke, J.2
  • 17
    • 0018545019 scopus 로고
    • Optimization of dc SQUID voltmeter and magnetometer circuits
    • Clarke, J., Tesche, C.D., GifFard, R.P. (1979) Optimization of dc SQUID voltmeter and magnetometer circuits, J. Low Temp. Phys. 37, 405-419.
    • (1979) J. Low Temp. Phys. , vol.37 , pp. 405-419
    • Clarke, J.1    Tesche, C.D.2    GifFard, R.P.3
  • 18
    • 84891023690 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
    • Koch, R.H. (1982) Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
    • (1982)
    • Koch, R.H.1
  • 19
    • 2842595560 scopus 로고
    • Optimization of dc SQUID linear amplifiers and the quantum noise limit
    • Tesche, C.D. (1982) Optimization of dc SQUID linear amplifiers and the quantum noise limit, Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 490-492.
    • (1982) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.41 , pp. 490-492
    • Tesche, C.D.1
  • 20
    • 0020124990 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of strong inductive coupling on SQUID systems
    • Tesche, C.D. (1983) Analysis of strong inductive coupling on SQUID systems, IEEE Trans. Mag. MAG-19, 458-460.
    • (1983) IEEE Trans. Mag. , vol.MAG-19 , pp. 458-460
    • Tesche, C.D.1
  • 21
    • 18844375865 scopus 로고
    • Current-voltage characteristics of Josephson junctions
    • Stewart, W.C. (1968) Current-voltage characteristics of Josephson junctions, Appl. Phys. Lett. 12, 277-280.
    • (1968) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 277-280
    • Stewart, W.C.1
  • 22
    • 0008161311 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ac impedance on dc voltage-current characteristics of Josephson junctions
    • McCumber, D.E. (1968) Effect of ac impedance on dc voltage-current characteristics of Josephson junctions, J. Appl. Phys. 39, 3113-3118.
    • (1968) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.39 , pp. 3113-3118
    • McCumber, D.E.1
  • 23
    • 0040144691 scopus 로고
    • Noise and Fluctuations in Electronic Devices and Circuits.
    • Oxford University Press.
    • Robinson, F.N.H. (1974) Noise and Fluctuations in Electronic Devices and Circuits. Oxford University Press.
    • (1974)
    • Robinson, F.N.H.1
  • 26
    • 33645418661 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuation spectrum in superconducting point junctions
    • Likharev, K.K., Semenov, V.K. (1972) Fluctuation spectrum in superconducting point junctions, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 15, 625-629.
    • (1972) Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. , vol.15 , pp. 625-629
    • Likharev, K.K.1    Semenov, V.K.2
  • 27
    • 0000171526 scopus 로고
    • Quantum noise theory for the resistively shunted Josephson junction
    • Koch, R.H., Van Harlingen, D.J., Clarke, J. (1980) Quantum noise theory for the resistively shunted Josephson junction, Phys. Rev Lett. 45, 2132-2135.
    • (1980) Phys. Rev Lett. , vol.45 , pp. 2132-2135
    • Koch, R.H.1    Van Harlingen, D.J.2    Clarke, J.3
  • 28
    • 0003089876 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of quantum noise in resistively-shunted Josephson junctions
    • Koch, R.H., Van Harlingen, D.J., Clarke, J. (1982) Measurements of quantum noise in resistively-shunted Josephson junctions, Phys. Rev. B 26, 74-87.
    • (1982) Phys. Rev. B , vol.26 , pp. 74-87
    • Koch, R.H.1    Van Harlingen, D.J.2    Clarke, J.3
  • 35
    • 0036683605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A broadband dc SQUID based rf amplifier: experimental basics and development concept
    • Prokopenko, G.V., Shitov, S.V., Mygind, J. (2002) A broadband dc SQUID based rf amplifier: experimental basics and development concept, Physica 372-376, 229-232.
    • (2002) Physica , vol.372-376 , pp. 229-232
    • Prokopenko, G.V.1    Shitov, S.V.2    Mygind, J.3
  • 36
    • 0000946358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radio frequency amplifier based on a niobium dc superconducting quantum interference device with microstrip input coupling
    • Mück, M., André, M-O., Clarke, J. Gail, J., Heiden, Ch. (1998) Radio frequency amplifier based on a niobium dc superconducting quantum interference device with microstrip input coupling, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2885-2887.
    • (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.72 , pp. 2885-2887
    • Mück, M.1    André, M.-O.2    Clarke, J.3    Gail, J.4    Heiden, C.5
  • 37
    • 0003904786 scopus 로고
    • Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics
    • New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
    • Ramo, S., Whinnery, J.R., van Duzer, T. (1965) Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
    • (1965)
    • Ramo, S.1    Whinnery, J.R.2    Van Duzer, T.3
  • 38
    • 0141978906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flux-bias stabilization scheme for a radio-frequency amplifier based on a superconducting quantum interference device
    • Mück, M., Clarke, J. (2001) Flux-bias stabilization scheme for a radio-frequency amplifier based on a superconducting quantum interference device, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 3691-3693.
    • (2001) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.72 , pp. 3691-3693
    • Mück, M.1    Clarke, J.2
  • 39
    • 0038318863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers at gigahertz frequencies
    • Mück, M., Welzel, C., Clarke, J. (2003) Superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers at gigahertz frequencies, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3266-3268.
    • (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.82 , pp. 3266-3268
    • Mück, M.1    Welzel, C.2    Clarke, J.3
  • 40
    • 0042878429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The superconducting quantum interference device microstrip amplifier: computer models
    • Mück, M., Clarke, J. (2000) The superconducting quantum interference device microstrip amplifier: computer models, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 6910-6918.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.88 , pp. 6910-6918
    • Mück, M.1    Clarke, J.2
  • 41
    • 0035806119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmonic distortion and intermodulation products in the microstrip amplifier based on a superconducting quantum interference device
    • Mück, M., Clarke, J. (2001) Harmonic distortion and intermodulation products in the microstrip amplifier based on a superconducting quantum interference device, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3666-3668.
    • (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.78 , pp. 3666-3668
    • Mück, M.1    Clarke, J.2
  • 42
    • 0004871319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microstrip superconducting quantum interference device rf amplifier: tuning and cascading
    • Mück, M., André, M-O., Clarke, J., Gail, J., Heiden, Ch. (1999) The microstrip superconducting quantum interference device rf amplifier: tuning and cascading, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3545-3547.
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.75 , pp. 3545-3547
    • Mück, M.1    André, M.-O.2    Clarke, J.3    Gail, J.4    Heiden, C.5
  • 43
    • 0033095681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryogenic, low-noise, balanced amplifiers for the 3001200 MHz band using heterostructure field-effect transistors
    • (Proc. Suppl.)
    • Bradley, R.F. (1999) Cryogenic, low-noise, balanced amplifiers for the 3001200 MHz band using heterostructure field-effect transistors, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 72, 137-144.
    • (1999) Nucl. Phys. B , vol.72 , pp. 137-144
    • Bradley, R.F.1
  • 44
    • 0344614599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstrip dc superconducting quantum interference device radio-frequency amplifier with tenth-kelvin noise temperature
    • André, M-O., Mück, M., Clarke, J. Gail, J., Heiden, Ch. (1999) Microstrip dc superconducting quantum interference device radio-frequency amplifier with tenth-kelvin noise temperature, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 698-700.
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.75 , pp. 698-700
    • André, M.-O.1    Mück, M.2    Clarke, J.3    Gail, J.4    Heiden, C.5
  • 45
    • 0346977484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superconducting quantum interference device as a near-quantum-limited amplifier at 0.5 GHz
    • Mück, M., Kycia, J.B., Clarke, J. (2001) Superconducting quantum interference device as a near-quantum-limited amplifier at 0.5 GHz, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 967-969.
    • (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.78 , pp. 967-969
    • Mück, M.1    Kycia, J.B.2    Clarke, J.3
  • 50
    • 4243607988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Submicron YBCO Josephson junctions on sapphire bicrys-tal substrates for microwave devices
    • Stepantsov, E., Tarasov, M.A., Kalabu-khov, A.S. (2002) Submicron YBCO Josephson junctions on sapphire bicrys-tal substrates for microwave devices, Physica C 372-376, 76-79.
    • (2002) Physica C , vol.372-376 , pp. 76-79
    • Stepantsov, E.1    Tarasov, M.A.2    Kalabu-khov, A.S.3
  • 51
    • 0032557622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radio-frequency single-electron transistor (RF-SET): a fast and ultrasensitive electrometer
    • Schoelkopf, R.J., Wahlgren, P., Kozhev-nikov, A.A., Delsing, P., Prober, D.E. (1998) The radio-frequency single-electron transistor (RF-SET): a fast and ultrasensitive electrometer, Science 280, 1238-1242.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1238-1242
    • Schoelkopf, R.J.1    Wahlgren, P.2    Kozhev-nikov, A.A.3    Delsing, P.4    Prober, D.E.5
  • 52
    • 0034739057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplifying quantum signals with the single-electron transistor
    • Devoret, M.H., Schoelkopt, R.J. (2000) Amplifying quantum signals with the single-electron transistor, Nature (London) 406, 1039-1046.
    • (2000) Nature (London) , vol.406 , pp. 1039-1046
    • Devoret, M.H.1    Schoelkopt, R.J.2
  • 53
    • 36448999994 scopus 로고
    • An application of electrothermal feedback for high resolution cryogenic particle detection
    • Irwin, K.D. (1995) An application of electrothermal feedback for high resolution cryogenic particle detection, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1998-2000.
    • (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.66 , pp. 1998-2000
    • Irwin, K.D.1
  • 54
    • 0032096041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltage-biased superconducting transition-edge bolometer with strong electrothermal feedback operated at 370 mK
    • Lee, S-F., Gildemeister, J. M., Holmes, W., Lee, A. T., Richards, P. L. (1998) Voltage-biased superconducting transition-edge bolometer with strong electrothermal feedback operated at 370 mK, Appl. Optics 37, 3391-3397.
    • (1998) Appl. Optics , vol.37 , pp. 3391-3397
    • Lee, S.-F.1    Gildemeister, J.M.2    Holmes, W.3    Lee, A.T.4    Richards, P.L.5
  • 55
    • 0001023101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal-response time of superconducting transition-edge microcalorimeters
    • Irwin, K.D., Hilton, G.C., Wollman, D.A., Martinis, J.M. (1998) Thermal-response time of superconducting transition-edge microcalorimeters, J. Appl. Phys. 83, 3978-3985.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.83 , pp. 3978-3985
    • Irwin, K.D.1    Hilton, G.C.2    Wollman, D.A.3    Martinis, J.M.4
  • 56
  • 57
    • 12744260662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency domain multiplexing for large-scale bolometer arrays
    • J. Wolf, J. Farhoomand and C.R. McCreight (eds.), NASA/CP-211408
    • Spieler, H. (2003) Frequency domain multiplexing for large-scale bolometer arrays, Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm & mm Detector Technology Workshop, J. Wolf,J. Farhoomand and C.R. McCreight (eds.), NASA/CP-211408, pp. 243-249.
    • (2003) Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm & mm Detector Technology Workshop , pp. 243-249
    • Spieler, H.1
  • 58
    • 0038448320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model for excess noise in voltage-biased superconducting bolometers
    • Gildemeister, J.M., Lee, A.T., Richards, P.L. (2001) Model for excess noise in voltage-biased superconducting bolometers, Appl. Optics 40, 6229-6235.
    • (2001) Appl. Optics , vol.40 , pp. 6229-6235
    • Gildemeister, J.M.1    Lee, A.T.2    Richards, P.L.3
  • 63
    • 74349114414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel multiplexing technique for detector and mixer arrays
    • Humphrey's HalfMoon Inn, Shelter Island, San Diego, CA
    • Karasik, B.S., McGrath, W.R. (2001) Novel multiplexing technique for detector and mixer arrays, Proc. 12th Int. Symp. on Space Terahertz Technology, Humphrey's HalfMoon Inn, Shelter Island, San Diego, CA, pp. 336-345.
    • (2001) Proc. 12th Int. Symp. on Space Terahertz Technology , pp. 336-345
    • Karasik, B.S.1    McGrath, W.R.2
  • 64
    • 0036498327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: SQUID multiplexers for transition-edge sensors
    • Irwin, K.D. (2002) Review: SQUID multiplexers for transition-edge sensors, PhysicaC 368, 203-210.
    • (2002) PhysicaC , vol.368 , pp. 203-210
    • Irwin, K.D.1
  • 76
    • 5444249699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microwave SQUID multiplexer
    • Irwin, K.D., and Lehnert, K.W. (2004) Microwave SQUID multiplexer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2107-2109.
    • (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.85 , pp. 2107-2109
    • Irwin, K.D.1    Lehnert, K.W.2
  • 86
    • 0001584655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraining inflation with cosmic microwave background polarization
    • Kinney, W.H. (1998) Constraining inflation with cosmic microwave background polarization, Phys. Rev. D 58, 1-10.
    • (1998) Phys. Rev. D , vol.58 , pp. 1-10
    • Kinney, W.H.1
  • 88
    • 0002574080 scopus 로고
    • Bolometers for infrared and millimeter waves
    • Richards, P.L. (1994) Bolometers for infrared and millimeter waves, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 1-24.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.76 , pp. 1-24
    • Richards, P.L.1
  • 90
    • 0037888933 scopus 로고
    • A novel bolometer for infrared and millimeter-wave astrophysics
    • Bock, J.J., Chen, D., Mauskopf, P.D., and Lange, A.E. (1995) A novel bolometer for infrared and millimeter-wave astrophysics, Space Sci. Rev. 74, 229-235.
    • (1995) Space Sci. Rev. , vol.74 , pp. 229-235
    • Bock, J.J.1    Chen, D.2    Mauskopf, P.D.3    Lange, A.E.4
  • 91
    • 0033534858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fully lithographed voltage-biased superconducting spiderweb bolometer
    • Gildemeister, J.M., Lee, A.T., Richards, P.L. (1999) A fully lithographed voltage-biased superconducting spiderweb bolometer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 868-870.
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.74 , pp. 868-870
    • Gildemeister, J.M.1    Lee, A.T.2    Richards, P.L.3
  • 96
    • 0001531354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monolithic arrays of absorber-coupled voltage-biased superconducting bolometers
    • Gildemeister, J.M., Lee, A.T., Richards, P.L. (2000) Monolithic arrays of absorber-coupled voltage-biased superconducting bolometers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 4040-4042.
    • (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.77 , pp. 4040-4042
    • Gildemeister, J.M.1    Lee, A.T.2    Richards, P.L.3
  • 100
    • 29344469098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron-phonon relaxation in hot-electron detectors below 1K
    • Karasik, B.S., Sergeev, A.V., Gershen-son, M.E. (2002) Electron-phonon relaxation in hot-electron detectors below 1K, AIP Conf. Proc. 605, 75-78.
    • (2002) AIP Conf. Proc. , vol.605 , pp. 75-78
    • Karasik, B.S.1    Sergeev, A.V.2    Gershen-son, M.E.3
  • 102
    • 0242677563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highresolution X-ray spectroscopy with Chandra and XMM-Newton
    • Paerels F.B.S., Kahn, S.M. (2003) Highresolution X-ray spectroscopy with Chandra and XMM-Newton, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 41, 291-342.
    • (2003) Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. , vol.41 , pp. 291-342
    • Paerels, F.B.S.1    Kahn, S.M.2
  • 103
    • 1842469883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of single infrared, optical, and ultraviolet photons using superconducting transition edge sensors
    • Cabrera, B., Clarke, R.M., Colling, P., Miller, A.J., Nam, S., Romani, R.W. (1998) Detection of single infrared, optical, and ultraviolet photons using superconducting transition edge sensors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 735-737.
    • (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.73 , pp. 735-737
    • Cabrera, B.1    Clarke, R.M.2    Colling, P.3    Miller, A.J.4    Nam, S.5    Romani, R.W.6
  • 107
    • 0035268996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of microcalori-meter energy measurement to biopolymer mass spectrometry
    • Rabin, M. W., Hilton, G. C., Martinis, J.M. (2001) Application of microcalori-meter energy measurement to biopolymer mass spectrometry, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 11, 242-247.
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. , vol.11 , pp. 242-247
    • Rabin, M.W.1    Hilton, G.C.2    Martinis, J.M.3
  • 109
    • 84890995561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kent Irwin, NIST, private communication.
    • Kent Irwin, NIST, private communication.
  • 111
    • 0030246476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray detection using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback
    • Irwin, K.D., Hilton, G.C., Wollman, D.A., Martinis, J.M. (1996) X-ray detection using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter with electrothermal feedback, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1945-1947.
    • (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.69 , pp. 1945-1947
    • Irwin, K.D.1    Hilton, G.C.2    Wollman, D.A.3    Martinis, J.M.4
  • 116
    • 1842507378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physics and applications of NIS junctions
    • Ullom, J.N. (2002) Physics and applications of NIS junctions, AIP Conf. Proc. 605, 135-140.
    • (2002) AIP Conf. Proc. , vol.605 , pp. 135-140
    • Ullom, J.N.1
  • 117
    • 0000983350 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasensitive-hot-electron microbolometer
    • Nahum, M., Martinis, J.M. (1993) Ultrasensitive-hot-electron microbolometer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3075-3077.
    • (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.63 , pp. 3075-3077
    • Nahum, M.1    Martinis, J.M.2
  • 118
    • 20444374420 scopus 로고
    • Novel superconducting thermometer for bolometric applications
    • McDonald, D.G. (1987) Novel superconducting thermometer for bolometric applications, Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 775-777.
    • (1987) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.50 , pp. 775-777
    • McDonald, D.G.1
  • 120
    • 0032345068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applicationof superconducting quantum interference devices to nuclear magnetic resonance
    • Greenberg, Ya. S. (1998) Applicationof superconducting quantum interference devices to nuclear magnetic resonance, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 175-222.
    • (1998) Rev. Mod. Phys. , vol.70 , pp. 175-222
    • Greenberg, Y.S.1
  • 124
    • 33749622370 scopus 로고
    • Spin echoes
    • Hahn, E.L. (1950) Spin echoes, Phys. Rev. 80, 580-594.
    • (1950) Phys. Rev. , vol.80 , pp. 580-594
    • Hahn, E.L.1
  • 126
    • 0041147781 scopus 로고
    • Observation of a magnetic phase transition in the nuclear spin system of metallic copper at nanokelvin temperatures
    • Huiku, M.T., Loponen, M.T. (1982) Observation of a magnetic phase transition in the nuclear spin system of metallic copper at nanokelvin temperatures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1288-1291.
    • (1982) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.49 , pp. 1288-1291
    • Huiku, M.T.1    Loponen, M.T.2
  • 127
    • 4244135368 scopus 로고
    • Experimental curve of entropy and susceptibility versus temperature for copper nuclear spin down to the ordered state
    • Huiku, M.T., Loponen, M.T. (1983) Experimental curve of entropy and susceptibility versus temperature for copper nuclear spin down to the ordered state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1516-1519.
    • (1983) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.50 , pp. 1516-1519
    • Huiku, M.T.1    Loponen, M.T.2
  • 128
    • 0040031453 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of difference between the dynamic NMR and static susceptibility of superfluid He-B using a rf SQUID
    • Webb, R.A. (1977) Measurements of difference between the dynamic NMR and static susceptibility of superfluid He-B using a rf SQUID, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1151-1155
    • (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.38 , pp. 1151-1155
    • Webb, R.A.1
  • 131
    • 0011494370 scopus 로고
    • SQUID NMR study of methyl quantum tunneling in a series of carboxylic acids
    • Black, B., Majer, G., Pines, A. (1993) SQUID NMR study of methyl quantum tunneling in a series of carboxylic acids, Chem. Rev. Lett. 201, 550-554.
    • (1993) Chem. Rev. Lett. , vol.201 , pp. 550-554
    • Black, B.1    Majer, G.2    Pines, A.3
  • 132
    • 0008334006 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance of a small platinum particle using an integrated dc SQUID
    • Narasimhan, L.R., Takigawa, M., Ketchen, M.B. (1994) Magnetic resonance of a small platinum particle using an integrated dc SQUID, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1305-1307.
    • (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.65 , pp. 1305-1307
    • Narasimhan, L.R.1    Takigawa, M.2    Ketchen, M.B.3
  • 133
    • 0018155692 scopus 로고
    • Cryogenic free precession He magnetometer using a SQUID
    • Gallop, J.C., Radcliffe, W.J. (1978) Cryogenic free precession He magnetometer using a SQUID, J. Phys. D. 11, L203-L206.
    • (1978) J. Phys. D. , vol.11
    • Gallop, J.C.1    Radcliffe, W.J.2
  • 134
    • 0014795465 scopus 로고
    • Observation of the static nuclear magnetism of pure metallic copper in low magnetic fields
    • Hirschkoff, E.C., Symko, O.G., VantHull, L.L., Wheatley, J.C. (1970) Observation of the static nuclear magnetism of pure metallic copper in low magnetic fields, J. Low Temp. Phys. 2, 653-665.
    • (1970) J. Low Temp. Phys. , vol.2 , pp. 653-665
    • Hirschkoff, E.C.1    Symko, O.G.2    VantHull, L.L.3    Wheatley, J.C.4
  • 135
    • 0040031472 scopus 로고
    • Detection of NMR using a Josephson junction magnetometer
    • Day, E.P. (1972) Detection of NMR using a Josephson junction magnetometer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 540-542.
    • (1972) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 540-542
    • Day, E.P.1
  • 136
    • 0005022752 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectrometer with a dc SQUID detector
    • Connor, C., Chang, J., Pines, A. (1990) Magnetic resonance spectrometer with a dc SQUID detector, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 1059-1063.
    • (1990) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.61 , pp. 1059-1063
    • Connor, C.1    Chang, J.2    Pines, A.3
  • 137
    • 0038846595 scopus 로고
    • Aluminum and boron nuclear quadru-pole resonance with a dc SQUID
    • Connor, C., Chang, J., Pines, A. (1990) Aluminum and boron nuclear quadru-pole resonance with a dc SQUID, J. Chem. Phys. 93 7639-7646.
    • (1990) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.93 , pp. 7639-7646
    • Connor, C.1    Chang, J.2    Pines, A.3
  • 142
    • 0000077153 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear spin noise and spontaneous emission
    • Sleator, T., Hahn, E.L., Hilbert, C., Clarke, J. (1987) Nuclear spin noise and spontaneous emission, Phys. Rev. B 36, 1969-1980.
    • (1987) Phys. Rev. B , vol.36 , pp. 1969-1980
    • Sleator, T.1    Hahn, E.L.2    Hilbert, C.3    Clarke, J.4
  • 143
    • 18944376771 scopus 로고
    • Optical pumping
    • Happer, W. (1972) Optical pumping, Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 169-188.
    • (1972) Rev. Mod. Phys. , vol.44 , pp. 169-188
    • Happer, W.1
  • 147
    • 0000813313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of solution NMR and MRI with laser-polarized xenon
    • Navon, G., Song, Y.-Q., Room, T., Appelt, S., Taylor, R.E., Pines, A. (1996) Enhancement of solution NMR and MRI with laser-polarized xenon, Science 271, 1848-1851.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1848-1851
    • Navon, G.1    Song, Y.-Q.2    Room, T.3    Appelt, S.4    Taylor, R.E.5    Pines, A.6
  • 149
    • 84890986785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of surface NMR by laser-polarized noble gases
    • Room, T., Appelt, S., Seydoux, R., Hahn, E.L., Pines, A. (1999) Enhancement of surface NMR by laser-polarized noble gases, Phys. Rev. B 59, 1157-1161.
    • (1999) Phys. Rev. B , vol.59 , pp. 1157-1161
    • Room, T.1    Appelt, S.2    Seydoux, R.3    Hahn, E.L.4    Pines, A.5
  • 152
    • 0030212150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high magnetic fields: characterization of nuclear relaxation during pumping
    • Augustine, M.P., Zilm, K.W. (1996) Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high magnetic fields: characterization of nuclear relaxation during pumping, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 2998-3011.
    • (1996) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.105 , pp. 2998-3011
    • Augustine, M.P.1    Zilm, K.W.2
  • 153
    • 0032050952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low field magnetic resonance images of polarized noble gases obtained with a dc superconducting quantum interference device
    • Augustine, M.P., Wong-Foy, A., Yarger, J.L., Tomaselli, M., Pines, A., TonThat, D.M., Clarke, J. (1998) Low field magnetic resonance images of polarized noble gases obtained with a dc superconducting quantum interference device, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1908-1910.
    • (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.72 , pp. 1908-1910
    • Augustine, M.P.1    Wong-Foy, A.2    Yarger, J.L.3    Tomaselli, M.4    Pines, A.5    TonThat, D.M.6    Clarke, J.7
  • 157
    • 0000442993 scopus 로고
    • Polarization of the nuclear spins of noble-gas atoms by spin exchange with optically pumped alkali-metal atoms
    • Happer, W., Miron, E., Schaefer, S., Schreiber, D., van Wijngaarden, W.A., Zeng, X. (1984) Polarization of the nuclear spins of noble-gas atoms by spin exchange with optically pumped alkali-metal atoms, Phys. Rev. A 29, 3092-3110.
    • (1984) Phys. Rev. A , vol.29 , pp. 3092-3110
    • Happer, W.1    Miron, E.2    Schaefer, S.3    Schreiber, D.4    Van Wijngaarden, W.A.5    Zeng, X.6
  • 158
    • 0001554044 scopus 로고
    • Free nuclear induction in the earth's magnetic field
    • Packard, M., Varian, R. (1954) Free nuclear induction in the earth's magnetic field, Phys. Rev. 93, 941-941.
    • (1954) Phys. Rev. , vol.93 , pp. 941-941
    • Packard, M.1    Varian, R.2
  • 159
  • 160
    • 0030283613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMR of room temperature samples with a flux-locked dc SQUID
    • Kumar, S., Avrin, W.F., Whitecotton, B.R. (1996) NMR of room temperature samples with a flux-locked dc SQUID, IEEE. Trans. Magn., 32, 5261-5264.
    • (1996) IEEE. Trans. Magn. , vol.32 , pp. 5261-5264
    • Kumar, S.1    Avrin, W.F.2    Whitecotton, B.R.3
  • 162
  • 167
    • 0002470275 scopus 로고
    • The Berlin magnetically shielded room (BMSR)
    • in, S.N. Erné, H.D. Hahlbohm, and H. Lübbig (eds.), Berlin, W. de Gruyter
    • Erné, S.N., Hahlbohm, H.D., Scheer, J., Trontelj, Z. (1981) The Berlin magnetically shielded room (BMSR), in Biomag-netism, S.N. Erné, H.D. Hahlbohm, and H. Lübbig (eds.), Berlin, W. de Gruyter, pp. 79-87.
    • (1981) Biomag-netism , pp. 79-87
    • Erné, S.N.1    Hahlbohm, H.D.2    Scheer, J.3    Trontelj, Z.4
  • 168
    • 0019620653 scopus 로고
    • A versatile magnetic-field gradient control-system for NMR imaging
    • Bottomley, P.A. (1981) A versatile magnetic-field gradient control-system for NMR imaging, J. Phys. E. Sci. Instrum. 14, 1081-1087.
    • (1981) J. Phys. E. Sci. Instrum. , vol.14 , pp. 1081-1087
    • Bottomley, P.A.1
  • 169
    • 15844389107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid helium cryostat for SQUID-based MRI receivers
    • Seton, H.C., Hutchison, J.M.S., Bussell, D.M. (2005) Liquid helium cryostat for SQUID-based MRI receivers, Cryogenics 45, 348-355.
    • (2005) Cryogenics , vol.45 , pp. 348-355
    • Seton, H.C.1    Hutchison, J.M.S.2    Bussell, D.M.3
  • 170
    • 36549094850 scopus 로고
    • Nuclearquadrupolereso-nance detected at 30 MHz with a dc SQUID
    • Hilbert, C., Clarke, J., Sleator, T., Hahn, E.L. (1985) Nuclearquadrupolereso-nance detected at 30 MHz with a dc SQUID, Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 637-639.
    • (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.47 , pp. 637-639
    • Hilbert, C.1    Clarke, J.2    Sleator, T.3    Hahn, E.L.4
  • 174
    • 4243202770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous magnetoencepha-lography and SQUID detected NMR in microtesla magnetic fields
    • Volegov, P.L., Matlachov, A.N., Espy, M.A., George, J.S., Kraus Jr., R.H. (2004) Simultaneous magnetoencepha-lography and SQUID detected NMR in microtesla magnetic fields, Magn. Reson. Med. 52, 467-470.
    • (2004) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.52 , pp. 467-470
    • Volegov, P.L.1    Matlachov, A.N.2    Espy, M.A.3    George, J.S.4    Kraus Jr., R.H.5
  • 179
    • 0039439339 scopus 로고
    • A liquid helium cooled rf coil and SQUID amplifier for MRI at 0.01 T
    • Seton, H.C., Bussell, D.M., Hutchison, J.M.S. (1995) A liquid helium cooled rf coil and SQUID amplifier for MRI at 0.01 T, Proc. Soc. Magn. Res. 2, 959.
    • (1995) Proc. Soc. Magn. Res. , vol.2 , pp. 959
    • Seton, H.C.1    Bussell, D.M.2    Hutchison, J.M.S.3
  • 181
    • 0031077639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 4.2-K receiver coil and SQUID amplifier used to improve the SNR of low field magnetic resonance images of the human arm
    • Seton, H.C., Hutchison, J.M.S., Bussell, D.M., (1997) A 4.2-K receiver coil and SQUID amplifier used to improve the SNR of low field magnetic resonance images of the human arm, Meas. Sci. Technol. 8, 198-207.
    • (1997) Meas. Sci. Technol. , vol.8 , pp. 198-207
    • Seton, H.C.1    Hutchison, J.M.S.2    Bussell, D.M.3
  • 182
    • 0032813223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gradiometer pick-up coil design for a low field SQUID-MRI system
    • Seton, H.C., Hutchison, J.M.S., Bussell, D.M., (1999) Gradiometer pick-up coil design for a low field SQUID-MRI system, MAGMA 8, 116-120.
    • (1999) MAGMA , vol.8 , pp. 116-120
    • Seton, H.C.1    Hutchison, J.M.S.2    Bussell, D.M.3
  • 183
    • 0001654776 scopus 로고
    • Low noise high speed dc SQUID magnetometer with simplified feedback electronics
    • Drung, D., Cantor, R., Peters, M., Scheer, H. J., Koch, H. (1990) Low noise high speed dc SQUID magnetometer with simplified feedback electronics, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 406-408.
    • (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.57 , pp. 406-408
    • Drung, D.1    Cantor, R.2    Peters, M.3    Scheer, H.J.4    Koch, H.5
  • 184
    • 0004839370 scopus 로고
    • A 5 MHz bandwidth magnetometer with additional positive feedback
    • Drung, D., Matz, H., Koch, H. (1995) A 5 MHz bandwidth magnetometer with additional positive feedback, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 3008-3015.
    • (1995) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.66 , pp. 3008-3015
    • Drung, D.1    Matz, H.2    Koch, H.3
  • 186
    • 9344251553 scopus 로고
    • CP conservation in the presence of pseudopar-ticles
    • Peccei, R. and Quinn, H. (1977) CP conservation in the presence of pseudopar-ticles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1440-1443.
    • (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.38 , pp. 1440-1443
    • Peccei, R.1    Quinn, H.2
  • 187
    • 4243883666 scopus 로고
    • A new light boson?
    • Weinberg, S. (1978) A new light boson?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 223-226.
    • (1978) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.40 , pp. 223-226
    • Weinberg, S.1
  • 188
    • 33744718336 scopus 로고
    • Problem of strong Pand T-invariance in the presence of instantons
    • Wilczek, F. (1978) Problem of strong Pand T-invariance in the presence of instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 279-282.
    • (1978) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.40 , pp. 279-282
    • Wilczek, F.1
  • 189
    • 0002402556 scopus 로고
    • Experimental tests of the 'invisible' axion
    • Sikivie, P. (1983) Experimental tests of the 'invisible' axion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1415-1417.
    • (1983) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.51 , pp. 1415-1417
    • Sikivie, P.1
  • 190
    • 33751315508 scopus 로고
    • Detection rates for 'invisible'-axion searches
    • Sikivie, P. (1985) Detection rates for 'invisible'-axion searches, Phys. Rev. D 32, 2988-2991.
    • (1985) Phys. Rev. D , vol.32 , pp. 2988-2991
    • Sikivie, P.1
  • 191
    • 33744749965 scopus 로고
    • Weak-interaction singlet and strong CP invariance
    • Kim, J.E. (1979) Weak-interaction singlet and strong CP invariance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 103-107.
    • (1979) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.43 , pp. 103-107
    • Kim, J.E.1
  • 192
    • 27944489383 scopus 로고
    • Canconfinement ensure natural CP invariance of strong interactions?
    • Shifman, M.A., Vainshtein, A.I., Zakharov, V.I. (1980) Canconfinement ensure natural CP invariance of strong interactions?, Nucl. Phys. B 166, 493-506.
    • (1980) Nucl. Phys. B , vol.166 , pp. 493-506
    • Shifman, M.A.1    Vainshtein, A.I.2    Zakharov, V.I.3
  • 193
    • 23044451809 scopus 로고
    • A simple solution to the strong CP problem with a harmless axion
    • Dine, M., Fischler, W., Srednicki, M., (1981) A simple solution to the strong CP problem with a harmless axion, Phys. Lett. B 104, 199-202.
    • (1981) Phys. Lett. B , vol.104 , pp. 199-202
    • Dine, M.1    Fischler, W.2    Srednicki, M.3
  • 194
    • 0000283393 scopus 로고
    • Onthe possible suppression of axion-hadron interactions, (1980)
    • [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 31, 260-263].
    • Zhitnitsky, A.P. (1980) Onthe possible suppression of axion-hadron interactions, (1980) Yad. Fiz. 31, 497 [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 31, 260-263].
    • (1980) Yad. Fiz. , vol.31 , pp. 497
    • Zhitnitsky, A.P.1
  • 195
    • 33748719883 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies
    • Dicke, R.H. (1946) The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 17, 268-275.
    • (1946) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.17 , pp. 268-275
    • Dicke, R.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.