메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 127, Issue 2-3, 2010, Pages 89-109

Buffalo's biological functions as affected by heat stress - A review

Author keywords

Biological functions; Buffaloes; Heat stress

Indexed keywords

BOS; BUBALUS; FRIESIA;

EID: 74249098016     PISSN: 18711413     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (277)

References (182)
  • 1
    • 74249096255 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal adjustments during heat exposure in pregnant and lactating ewes
    • (Abstr.)
    • Abdalla E.B., Johnson H.D., and Kotby E.A. Hormonal adjustments during heat exposure in pregnant and lactating ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (1991) 145 (Abstr.)
    • (1991) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 145
    • Abdalla, E.B.1    Johnson, H.D.2    Kotby, E.A.3
  • 2
    • 30244533207 scopus 로고
    • Environmental heat effects on metabolic and hormonal functions and milk yield of lactating ewes
    • (Abstr.)
    • Abdalla E.B., Kotby E.A., and DJohnson H. Environmental heat effects on metabolic and hormonal functions and milk yield of lactating ewes. J. Dairy Sci. 72 (1989) 471 (Abstr.)
    • (1989) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.72 , pp. 471
    • Abdalla, E.B.1    Kotby, E.A.2    DJohnson, H.3
  • 6
    • 0016528832 scopus 로고
    • Plasma cortisol and total progesterone levels in Holstein steers during acute exposure to high environmental temperature (42 °C) conditions
    • Abily T.A., Mitra R., and Johnson H.D. Plasma cortisol and total progesterone levels in Holstein steers during acute exposure to high environmental temperature (42 °C) conditions. J. Anim. Sci. 41 (1975) 113-118
    • (1975) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 113-118
    • Abily, T.A.1    Mitra, R.2    Johnson, H.D.3
  • 7
    • 74249084610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comportamento de bubalinos a pasto frente a disponibilidade de sombra e água para imersão
    • Ablas D.S., Titto E.A.L., Pereira A.M.F., Titto C.G., and Leme T.M.C. Comportamento de bubalinos a pasto frente a disponibilidade de sombra e água para imersão. Ciência Animal Brasileira 8 2 (2007) 167-175
    • (2007) Ciência Animal Brasileira , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-175
    • Ablas, D.S.1    Titto, E.A.L.2    Pereira, A.M.F.3    Titto, C.G.4    Leme, T.M.C.5
  • 11
    • 74249100718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on evaporative heat loss from skin and pulmonary surfaces in male buffaloes exposed to solar radiations
    • Aggarwal A., and Upadhyay R.C. Studies on evaporative heat loss from skin and pulmonary surfaces in male buffaloes exposed to solar radiations. Buffalo J. 2 (1998) 179-187
    • (1998) Buffalo J. , vol.2 , pp. 179-187
    • Aggarwal, A.1    Upadhyay, R.C.2
  • 13
    • 0015584022 scopus 로고
    • Environmental heat exposure on cattle plasma catecholamine and glucocorticoids
    • Alvarez M.B., and Johnson H.D. Environmental heat exposure on cattle plasma catecholamine and glucocorticoids. J. Dairy Sci. 5 (1973) 186-194
    • (1973) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 186-194
    • Alvarez, M.B.1    Johnson, H.D.2
  • 14
    • 74249088176 scopus 로고
    • Environmental manipulation to improve animal productivity
    • Ames D.R., and Ray D.E. Environmental manipulation to improve animal productivity. J. Anim. Sci. 44 (1983) 136-140
    • (1983) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 136-140
    • Ames, D.R.1    Ray, D.E.2
  • 15
    • 0013542455 scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation and environmental physiology
    • Decker B.C. (Ed), Philadelphia, Hamilton
    • Andersson B.E., and Jonasson H. Temperature regulation and environmental physiology. In: Decker B.C. (Ed). Physiology of Small and Large Animals (1992), Philadelphia, Hamilton 886-895
    • (1992) Physiology of Small and Large Animals , pp. 886-895
    • Andersson, B.E.1    Jonasson, H.2
  • 17
    • 24144467087 scopus 로고
    • Causes of variation in birth weight of Egyptian cattle and buftaloes
    • Asker A.A., and Ragab M.T. Causes of variation in birth weight of Egyptian cattle and buftaloes. Indian J. Vet. Sci. 22 (1952) 265-272
    • (1952) Indian J. Vet. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 265-272
    • Asker, A.A.1    Ragab, M.T.2
  • 18
    • 0011476984 scopus 로고
    • Effects of warm climates on milk yield and composition (short-term effects)
    • Smith A.J. (Ed), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
    • Beede O.K., Collier R.J., Wilcox C.J., and Thatcher W.W. Effects of warm climates on milk yield and composition (short-term effects). In: Smith A.J. (Ed). Milk Production in Developing Countries (1985), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
    • (1985) Milk Production in Developing Countries
    • Beede, O.K.1    Collier, R.J.2    Wilcox, C.J.3    Thatcher, W.W.4
  • 22
    • 0028593025 scopus 로고
    • Heat stress in cattle and effect of shade on production and behavior: a review
    • Blackshow J.K., and Blackshow A.W. Heat stress in cattle and effect of shade on production and behavior: a review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 34 (1994) 285-295
    • (1994) Aust. J. Exp. Agric. , vol.34 , pp. 285-295
    • Blackshow, J.K.1    Blackshow, A.W.2
  • 23
    • 74249102302 scopus 로고
    • The influence of temperature on blood composition of cattle. Missouri Ag. Exp. Station, Res
    • Blincoc, C., Brody, S., 1951. The influence of temperature on blood composition of cattle. Missouri Ag. Exp. Station, Res. Bull. No. 488.
    • (1951) Bull , vol.488
    • Blincoc, C.1    Brody, S.2
  • 24
    • 28444445522 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (British Museum)
    • Brock J.C.I. A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals (1989), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 140-142 (British Museum)
    • (1989) A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals , pp. 140-142
    • Brock, J.C.I.1
  • 25
    • 0141911304 scopus 로고
    • Growth regulators
    • Hafez E.S.E., and Dyer I.A. (Eds), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA
    • Carlson J.R. Growth regulators. In: Hafez E.S.E., and Dyer I.A. (Eds). Animal Growth and Nutrition (1969), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA 138-155
    • (1969) Animal Growth and Nutrition , pp. 138-155
    • Carlson, J.R.1
  • 27
    • 84959654794 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute heat stress on changes in the rate of liquid flow from the rumen and turnover of body water of swamp buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)
    • 1 08
    • Chaiyabuter N., Buranakarl C., Muangcharoen V., Loypetjra P., and Pichaicharnarong A. Effects of acute heat stress on changes in the rate of liquid flow from the rumen and turnover of body water of swamp buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis). J. Agric.Sci., (Camb.) (1987) 49-553 1 08
    • (1987) J. Agric.Sci., (Camb.) , pp. 49-553
    • Chaiyabuter, N.1    Buranakarl, C.2    Muangcharoen, V.3    Loypetjra, P.4    Pichaicharnarong, A.5
  • 28
    • 74249089585 scopus 로고
    • Water metabolism of animals
    • Valhi W.V., Mayer R.G., and Van Glder (Eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Chew R.M. Water metabolism of animals. In: Valhi W.V., Mayer R.G., and Van Glder (Eds). Physiological Mammalogy (1965), Academic Press, New York
    • (1965) Physiological Mammalogy
    • Chew, R.M.1
  • 29
    • 0015420397 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol turnover in heat stressed cows
    • Christison G.I., and Johnson H.D. Cortisol turnover in heat stressed cows. J. Anim. Sci. 35 (1972) 1005-1010
    • (1972) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Christison, G.I.1    Johnson, H.D.2
  • 30
    • 0020213628 scopus 로고
    • Influence of environment and its modification on dairy animal health and production
    • Colleir R.J., Breede D.K., Thatcher; W.W., Israe L.A., and Wilcox C.J. Influence of environment and its modification on dairy animal health and production. J. Dairy Sci. 65 (1982) 2213-2227
    • (1982) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2213-2227
    • Colleir, R.J.1    Breede, D.K.2    Thatcher3    , W.W.4    Israe, L.A.5    Wilcox, C.J.6
  • 32
    • 74249118554 scopus 로고
    • Note in water metabolism in lactating crossed cows
    • Daniel S.J., Hasan Q.Z., and Murty V.N. Note in water metabolism in lactating crossed cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 51 (1981) 358-360
    • (1981) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 358-360
    • Daniel, S.J.1    Hasan, Q.Z.2    Murty, V.N.3
  • 35
    • 0033465322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tunica dartos thermoregulatory index in bull and ram in Egypt
    • El-Darawany A.A. Tunica dartos thermoregulatory index in bull and ram in Egypt. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 69 8 (1999) 560-563
    • (1999) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.69 , Issue.8 , pp. 560-563
    • El-Darawany, A.A.1
  • 38
    • 74249121218 scopus 로고
    • Effect of environmental temperature and deity fiber level upon intake, milk production and nutrient utilization of lactating dairy cows
    • El-Koja M.N., Belyea R.L., Johnson H.D., and Marts F.A. Effect of environmental temperature and deity fiber level upon intake, milk production and nutrient utilization of lactating dairy cows. J. Am. Dairy Sci. 63 (1980) 85
    • (1980) J. Am. Dairy Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 85
    • El-Koja, M.N.1    Belyea, R.L.2    Johnson, H.D.3    Marts, F.A.4
  • 39
    • 0347439597 scopus 로고
    • Comparison between Friesians and water buffaloes in growth rate, milk production and some blood constituents, during winter and summer conditions
    • El-Masry K.A., and Marai l.F.M. Comparison between Friesians and water buffaloes in growth rate, milk production and some blood constituents, during winter and summer conditions. Egypt. J. Anim. Prod. 53 (1991) 39-43
    • (1991) Egypt. J. Anim. Prod. , vol.53 , pp. 39-43
    • El-Masry, K.A.1    Marai, l.F.M.2
  • 41
    • 0005073609 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone status and water metabolism in Hereford cows exposed to high ambient temperature and water deprivation
    • El-Nouty F.D., and Hassan G.A. Thyroid hormone status and water metabolism in Hereford cows exposed to high ambient temperature and water deprivation. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 53 (1983) 807-812
    • (1983) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 807-812
    • El-Nouty, F.D.1    Hassan, G.A.2
  • 43
    • 0021400406 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride in physiological responses of lactating dairy cows in hot weather
    • Escobosa A., Coppock C.E., Rowe Jr. L.D., Jenkins W.L., and Gates C.E. Effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride in physiological responses of lactating dairy cows in hot weather. J. Dairy Sci. 67 (1984) 574-584
    • (1984) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 574-584
    • Escobosa, A.1    Coppock, C.E.2    Rowe Jr., L.D.3    Jenkins, W.L.4    Gates, C.E.5
  • 44
    • 0015370679 scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of rumen fermentation. IV. Effect of altering ruminal pH on volatile fatty acid production
    • Esdale W.J., and Satter L.D. Manipulation of rumen fermentation. IV. Effect of altering ruminal pH on volatile fatty acid production. J. Dairy Sci. 55 (1972) 964-970
    • (1972) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 964-970
    • Esdale, W.J.1    Satter, L.D.2
  • 45
    • 74249094315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F.A.O., 1996. International Symposium on Buffalo Products, Interregional Cooperative Research; Network on Buffalo Working Group Products. Paestum, Italy.
    • F.A.O., 1996. International Symposium on Buffalo Products, Interregional Cooperative Research; Network on Buffalo Working Group Products. Paestum, Italy.
  • 46
    • 74249113299 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of water turnover and water requirements in different species of animals in two seasons
    • Ghosh T.K., Singh W.B., Verma D.N., Saxena K.K., and Ranjhan S.K. Measurement of water turnover and water requirements in different species of animals in two seasons. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 50 (1980) 615-619
    • (1980) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 615-619
    • Ghosh, T.K.1    Singh, W.B.2    Verma, D.N.3    Saxena, K.K.4    Ranjhan, S.K.5
  • 47
    • 0020756454 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary potassium on absorption of magnesium and other macro-elements in sheep fed different levels of magnesium
    • Greene L.W., Fontenot J.P., and Webb Jr. K.E. Effect of dietary potassium on absorption of magnesium and other macro-elements in sheep fed different levels of magnesium. J. Anim. Sci. 56 (1983) 1208-1213
    • (1983) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 1208-1213
    • Greene, L.W.1    Fontenot, J.P.2    Webb Jr., K.E.3
  • 50
    • 0011843355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hot summer climate and level of milk yield on blood biochemistry and circulating thyroid and progesterone hormones in Friesian cows
    • Habeeb A.A.M., EL-Masry K.M., Aboulnaga A.I., and Kamal T.H. The effect of hot summer climate and level of milk yield on blood biochemistry and circulating thyroid and progesterone hormones in Friesian cows. Arab. J. Nuclear Sci. Applic. 29 (1996) 161-173
    • (1996) Arab. J. Nuclear Sci. Applic. , vol.29 , pp. 161-173
    • Habeeb, A.A.M.1    EL-Masry, K.M.2    Aboulnaga, A.I.3    Kamal, T.H.4
  • 52
    • 74249092125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat-induced changes in body water concentration, Ts, cortisol, glucose and cholesterol levels and their relationships with thermoneutral body weight gain in Friesian calves
    • El-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
    • Habeeb A.A.M., Aboulnaga A.J., and Kamal T.H. Heat-induced changes in body water concentration, Ts, cortisol, glucose and cholesterol levels and their relationships with thermoneutral body weight gain in Friesian calves. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Animal Production and Health in Semi-arid Areas (2001) 97-108 El-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
    • (2001) Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Animal Production and Health in Semi-arid Areas , pp. 97-108
    • Habeeb, A.A.M.1    Aboulnaga, A.J.2    Kamal, T.H.3
  • 53
    • 74249114885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3) and cortisol in lactating buffaloes and changes in milk yield and comosition as a function of lactation number and ambient temperature
    • 3) and cortisol in lactating buffaloes and changes in milk yield and comosition as a function of lactation number and ambient temperature. Arab. J. Nuclear Sci. Applic. 33 (2000) 313-322
    • (2000) Arab. J. Nuclear Sci. Applic. , vol.33 , pp. 313-322
    • Habeeb, A.A.M.1    Ibrahim, M.Kh.2    Yousef, H.M.3
  • 54
    • 74249089296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of heat adaptability using heat shock proteins and some hormones in Egyptian buffalo calves
    • Habeeb A.A.M., Fatma F.I.T., and Osman S.F. Detection of heat adaptability using heat shock proteins and some hormones in Egyptian buffalo calves. Egypt. J. Appl. Sci. 22 2A (2007) 28-53
    • (2007) Egypt. J. Appl. Sci. , vol.22 , Issue.2 A , pp. 28-53
    • Habeeb, A.A.M.1    Fatma, F.I.T.2    Osman, S.F.3
  • 55
    • 85010247361 scopus 로고
    • Effect of natural combinations of ambient temperature and relative humidity on the water intake of lactating and unlactating dairy cows
    • Harbin R., Harbough F.S., Neeley K.L., and Find N.C. Effect of natural combinations of ambient temperature and relative humidity on the water intake of lactating and unlactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 41 (1958) 1621
    • (1958) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 1621
    • Harbin, R.1    Harbough, F.S.2    Neeley, K.L.3    Find, N.C.4
  • 56
    • 0022016567 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon, insulin, growth hormone and glucose concentrations in blood plasma of lactating dairy cows
    • Herbein J.H., Aiello R.J., Eckler L.I., Pearson R.E., and Akers R.M. Glucagon, insulin, growth hormone and glucose concentrations in blood plasma of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 8 (1985) 320-325
    • (1985) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 320-325
    • Herbein, J.H.1    Aiello, R.J.2    Eckler, L.I.3    Pearson, R.E.4    Akers, R.M.5
  • 58
    • 74249102346 scopus 로고
    • Water turnover rate and total body water as affected by different physiological factors under Egyptian environmental conditions
    • Proceedings of Use of Tritiated Water in Studies of Production and Adaptation in Ruminants, IAEA, Vienna
    • Kamal T.H. Water turnover rate and total body water as affected by different physiological factors under Egyptian environmental conditions. Proceedings of Use of Tritiated Water in Studies of Production and Adaptation in Ruminants. FAO/IAEA, Panel Proc. Series (1982), IAEA, Vienna 143-154
    • (1982) FAO/IAEA, Panel Proc. Series , pp. 143-154
    • Kamal, T.H.1
  • 59
    • 33744755342 scopus 로고
    • Tritiated-water heat-tolerance index to predict the growth rate in calves in hot deserts
    • Proceedings of Use of Tritiated Water Studies of Production and Adaptation in Ruminants, IAEA, Vienna
    • Kamal T.H. Tritiated-water heat-tolerance index to predict the growth rate in calves in hot deserts. Proceedings of Use of Tritiated Water Studies of Production and Adaptation in Ruminants. FAO/IAEA, Panel Proc. Series (1982), IAEA, Vienna 155-165
    • (1982) FAO/IAEA, Panel Proc. Series , pp. 155-165
    • Kamal, T.H.1
  • 60
    • 74249100945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kamal, T.H., 1993. Indices of heat tolerance and amelioration of heat stress. In: Prospects of Buffalo Production in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. In: Proceedings of International Symposium Jointly organized by ESAP, EAAP, FAO, CHEAM and DIE. Cairo, Egypt. EAAP. Pub. No.62. Pudoc Sci. Publ., Wageningen pp. 198-200.
    • Kamal, T.H., 1993. Indices of heat tolerance and amelioration of heat stress. In: Prospects of Buffalo Production in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. In: Proceedings of International Symposium Jointly organized by ESAP, EAAP, FAO, CHEAM and DIE. Cairo, Egypt. EAAP. Pub. No.62. Pudoc Sci. Publ., Wageningen pp. 198-200.
  • 61
    • 0014650741 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the natural climate of the Sahara and controlled climate on the rectal temperature and cardiorespiratory activities of Friesian cattle and water buffaloes
    • Kamal T.H., and Ibrahim I.I. The effect of the natural climate of the Sahara and controlled climate on the rectal temperature and cardiorespiratory activities of Friesian cattle and water buffaloes. Int. J. Biometeor. 13 (1969) 275-285
    • (1969) Int. J. Biometeor. , vol.13 , pp. 275-285
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Ibrahim, I.I.2
  • 62
    • 0014658965 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the natural climate of the Sahara and controlled climate on thyroid gland activity in Friesian cattle and water buffaloes
    • Kamal T.H., and Ibrahim I.I. The effect of the natural climate of the Sahara and controlled climate on thyroid gland activity in Friesian cattle and water buffaloes. Int. J. Biometeorol. 13 (1969) 287-294
    • (1969) Int. J. Biometeorol. , vol.13 , pp. 287-294
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Ibrahim, I.I.2
  • 63
    • 0014584136 scopus 로고
    • Effect of natural and controlled climates of the Sahara on virtual tritium space in Friesians and water buffaloes
    • Kamal T.H., and Seif S.M. Effect of natural and controlled climates of the Sahara on virtual tritium space in Friesians and water buffaloes. J. Dairy Sci. 52 (1969) 1657-1663
    • (1969) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1657-1663
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Seif, S.M.2
  • 64
    • 1642373791 scopus 로고
    • 40K loss as a predictor of heat tolerance in cattle
    • 40K loss as a predictor of heat tolerance in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 53 (1970) 1734-1738
    • (1970) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 1734-1738
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Johnson, H.D.2
  • 65
    • 0015011169 scopus 로고
    • Total body solids as measure of a short-term heat stress in cattle
    • Kamal T.H., and Johnson H.D. Total body solids as measure of a short-term heat stress in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 32 (1971) 306-311
    • (1971) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 306-311
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Johnson, H.D.2
  • 68
    • 74249084348 scopus 로고
    • Water consumption in dairy cattle as influenced by environmental temperatures and urine excretion
    • Kamal T.H., Johnson H.D., and Ragsdale R.C. Water consumption in dairy cattle as influenced by environmental temperatures and urine excretion. J. Dairy Sci. 42 (1959) 926
    • (1959) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 926
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Johnson, H.D.2    Ragsdale, R.C.3
  • 69
    • 0011799546 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic reactions during thermal stress (35 to 95 °F) in dairy animals acclimated at 50° and 80 °F
    • Kamal T.H., Johnson H.D., and Ragsdale R.C. Metabolic reactions during thermal stress (35 to 95 °F) in dairy animals acclimated at 50° and 80 °F. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta., Res. Bull. No. 785 (1962) 1-114
    • (1962) Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta., Res. Bull. No. 785 , pp. 1-114
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Johnson, H.D.2    Ragsdale, R.C.3
  • 71
    • 27544492851 scopus 로고
    • Total body solids gain and thyroid activity as influenced by goitrogens, diuretics, sprinkling and air cooling in heat stressed water buffaloes and Friesians
    • Proceedings of Internatonal Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna
    • Kamal T.H., Kotby E.A., and El-Fouly H.A. Total body solids gain and thyroid activity as influenced by goitrogens, diuretics, sprinkling and air cooling in heat stressed water buffaloes and Friesians. Proceedings of Internatonal Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Symposium on Isotopes Studies in the Physiology of Domestic Anmals (1972) 177-182
    • (1972) Symposium on Isotopes Studies in the Physiology of Domestic Anmals , pp. 177-182
    • Kamal, T.H.1    Kotby, E.A.2    El-Fouly, H.A.3
  • 72
    • 3242822345 scopus 로고
    • The effect of hot climatic and management on water requirements and body water in farm animals using tritiated water
    • Kamal T.H., El-Banna I.M., Ayad M.A., and Kotby E.A. The effect of hot climatic and management on water requirements and body water in farm animals using tritiated water. Arab. J. Nuclear Sci, Appl. 11 (1978) 160-184
    • (1978) Arab. J. Nuclear Sci, Appl. , vol.11 , pp. 160-184
    • Kamal, T.H.1    El-Banna, I.M.2    Ayad, M.A.3    Kotby, E.A.4
  • 77
    • 0021382576 scopus 로고
    • Plasma copper concentration and packed cell volume and their relationship to fertility and milk production in Holstein cows
    • Kappcl L.C., Ingraham R.H., Morgan E.B., and Babcock S.E. Plasma copper concentration and packed cell volume and their relationship to fertility and milk production in Holstein cows. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45 (1984) 346-357
    • (1984) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.45 , pp. 346-357
    • Kappcl, L.C.1    Ingraham, R.H.2    Morgan, E.B.3    Babcock, S.E.4
  • 78
    • 74249105291 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of some physiological responses of two breeds of sheep to Egyptian coastal desert climate
    • Kawashti I.S., Haggag G.M., and Ganem Y.S. Comparative study of some physiological responses of two breeds of sheep to Egyptian coastal desert climate. Bull. Fac. Sci., Cairo University 4 (1969) 43
    • (1969) Bull. Fac. Sci., Cairo University , vol.4 , pp. 43
    • Kawashti, I.S.1    Haggag, G.M.2    Ganem, Y.S.3
  • 79
    • 84971078902 scopus 로고
    • The effect of heat stress on growth and nitrogen metabolism in Friesian and Fl Brahman × Friesian heifers
    • Kellaway R.C., and Colditz P.J. The effect of heat stress on growth and nitrogen metabolism in Friesian and Fl Brahman × Friesian heifers. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 26 (1975) 15-22
    • (1975) Aust. J. Agric. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 15-22
    • Kellaway, R.C.1    Colditz, P.J.2
  • 80
    • 0020157736 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the nutritional status of beef cattle herds from four soil order regions of Florida. I. Microelements, protein, carotene, vitamins A and E, hemoglobin and haematocrit
    • Kiatoko M., McDowell L.R., Bertrand J.E., Chapman H.L., Pate P.M., Martin F.G., and Conrad J.H. Evaluating the nutritional status of beef cattle herds from four soil order regions of Florida. I. Microelements, protein, carotene, vitamins A and E, hemoglobin and haematocrit. J. Anim. Sci. 55 (1982) 28-37
    • (1982) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 28-37
    • Kiatoko, M.1    McDowell, L.R.2    Bertrand, J.E.3    Chapman, H.L.4    Pate, P.M.5    Martin, F.G.6    Conrad, J.H.7
  • 81
    • 63149116188 scopus 로고
    • Influences of temperature 5 to 95 °F on evaporative cooling from the respiratory and exterior body surfaces in Jersey and Holstein cows
    • Kibler, H.H., Brody, S.S., 1950. Influences of temperature 5 to 95 °F on evaporative cooling from the respiratory and exterior body surfaces in Jersey and Holstein cows. Missouri Agr. Exp .Sta. Res. Bull. No. 461.
    • (1950) Missouri Agr. Exp .Sta. Res. Bull , Issue.461
    • Kibler, H.H.1    Brody, S.S.2
  • 83
    • 74249093732 scopus 로고
    • Vaporization rates and heat tolerance of growing Shorthorn, Santa Gertrudeis and Brahman calves raised at constant 50° and 85 °F temperature
    • Kibler H.H., and Yeck G.R. Vaporization rates and heat tolerance of growing Shorthorn, Santa Gertrudeis and Brahman calves raised at constant 50° and 85 °F temperature. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. No.701 (1959)
    • (1959) Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. No.701
    • Kibler, H.H.1    Yeck, G.R.2
  • 84
    • 74249093039 scopus 로고
    • Vaporization rates in Brown Swiss
    • Holstein and Jersey calves During Growth and Constant 50° and 85 °F Temperature
    • Kibler H.H., Yeck G.R., and erry L.L. Vaporization rates in Brown Swiss. Holstein and Jersey calves During Growth and Constant 50° and 85 °F Temperature. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. No.792 (1962)
    • (1962) Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. No.792
    • Kibler, H.H.1    Yeck, G.R.2    erry, L.L.3
  • 85
    • 84859158603 scopus 로고
    • Acclimation of Holstein cattle to 84 °F (29 °C) temperature changes in heat producing and heat dissipating functions
    • Kibler H.H., Johnson H.D., Shanklin M.D., and Hahn L. Acclimation of Holstein cattle to 84 °F (29 °C) temperature changes in heat producing and heat dissipating functions. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. No. 893 (1965)
    • (1965) Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. No. 893
    • Kibler, H.H.1    Johnson, H.D.2    Shanklin, M.D.3    Hahn, L.4
  • 87
    • 36949079553 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aldosterone on kidney filtration in ruminants
    • Kinne R., Macfarlane W.V., and Bdtzolsin O.E. Effect of aldosterone on kidney filtration in ruminants. Nature 192 (1961) 1084
    • (1961) Nature , vol.192 , pp. 1084
    • Kinne, R.1    Macfarlane, W.V.2    Bdtzolsin, O.E.3
  • 88
    • 74249095586 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nutritional and seasonal variations on water metabolism in lactating Zebu cows (Boss Indicus) in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India
    • Krishana G., Razdan M.N., and Roy S.N. Effects of nutritional and seasonal variations on water metabolism in lactating Zebu cows (Boss Indicus) in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India. Trop. Agric. Trin. 52 (1975) 35-41
    • (1975) Trop. Agric. Trin. , vol.52 , pp. 35-41
    • Krishana, G.1    Razdan, M.N.2    Roy, S.N.3
  • 89
    • 0011484305 scopus 로고
    • Dietary electrolytes: story with many facets
    • Leach R.M. Dietary electrolytes: story with many facets. Feedstuffs (April 30) (1979) 19
    • (1979) Feedstuffs (April 30) , pp. 19
    • Leach, R.M.1
  • 90
    • 2142646433 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the adaptability of livestock to climatic stress
    • Lee P.H.K., and Phillips R.W. Assessment of the adaptability of livestock to climatic stress. J. Anim. Sci. 1 (1948) 391-426
    • (1948) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 391-426
    • Lee, P.H.K.1    Phillips, R.W.2
  • 91
    • 0019073492 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone, glucocorticoids and thyroxine response to duration, intensity and wave length of light in pre-pubertal bulls
    • Leining D.B., Tucker H.A., and Kesner J.S. Growth hormone, glucocorticoids and thyroxine response to duration, intensity and wave length of light in pre-pubertal bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 51 (1980) 932-942
    • (1980) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 932-942
    • Leining, D.B.1    Tucker, H.A.2    Kesner, J.S.3
  • 93
    • 74249101613 scopus 로고
    • Effect of level and source of dietary nitrogen on water metabolism in cows and buffaloes
    • Lurdi R.S., and Razdan M.N. Effect of level and source of dietary nitrogen on water metabolism in cows and buffaloes. Ind. J. Dairy Sci. 28 (1975) 136-139
    • (1975) Ind. J. Dairy Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 136-139
    • Lurdi, R.S.1    Razdan, M.N.2
  • 95
    • 0020346918 scopus 로고
    • Effect of environmental heat and dietary fiber on thyroid physiology of lactating cows
    • Magdoub A.B., Johnson H.D., and Belyea R.X. Effect of environmental heat and dietary fiber on thyroid physiology of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 65 (1982) 2323
    • (1982) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2323
    • Magdoub, A.B.1    Johnson, H.D.2    Belyea, R.X.3
  • 96
    • 84974325187 scopus 로고
    • Water requirements of African goats and haired-sheep
    • Maloiy G.M.O., and Tylor C.R. Water requirements of African goats and haired-sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 77 (1971) 203
    • (1971) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.77 , pp. 203
    • Maloiy, G.M.O.1    Tylor, C.R.2
  • 97
    • 0030229231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kidney function and nitrogen balance of high-yielding dairy cows at the onset of lactation
    • Maltz E., and Silanikove N. Kidney function and nitrogen balance of high-yielding dairy cows at the onset of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 79 (1996) 1621-1626
    • (1996) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 1621-1626
    • Maltz, E.1    Silanikove, N.2
  • 98
    • 0028507510 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal fluctuations in plasma ions and water intake of dairy cows as affected by lactation in warm weather
    • Maltz E., Silanikove N., Berman A., and Shalit U. Diurnal fluctuations in plasma ions and water intake of dairy cows as affected by lactation in warm weather. J. Dairy Sci. 77 (1994) 2630-2639
    • (1994) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.77 , pp. 2630-2639
    • Maltz, E.1    Silanikove, N.2    Berman, A.3    Shalit, U.4
  • 99
    • 0032243654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptability of Bos taurus cattle under hot arid conditions
    • Marai I.F.M., and Habeeb A.A.M. Adaptability of Bos taurus cattle under hot arid conditions. Ann. Arid Zone 37 3 (1998) 253-281
    • (1998) Ann. Arid Zone , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-281
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Habeeb, A.A.M.2
  • 100
    • 0000347362 scopus 로고
    • Heat stress and its amelioration with nutritional, buffering, hormonal and physiological techniques for New Zealand White rabbits maintained under hot summer conditions of Egypt
    • Marai I.F.M., El-Masry K.A., and Nasr A.S. Heat stress and its amelioration with nutritional, buffering, hormonal and physiological techniques for New Zealand White rabbits maintained under hot summer conditions of Egypt. Options Mediterr. 8 (1994) 475-487
    • (1994) Options Mediterr. , vol.8 , pp. 475-487
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    El-Masry, K.A.2    Nasr, A.S.3
  • 101
    • 0028888179 scopus 로고
    • Effect of Egyptian subtropical conditions and the heat stress alleviation techniques of water spray and diaphoretics on the growth and physiological functions of Friesian calves
    • Marai I.F.M., Habeeb A.A.M., Daader A.H., and Yousef H.M. Effect of Egyptian subtropical conditions and the heat stress alleviation techniques of water spray and diaphoretics on the growth and physiological functions of Friesian calves. J. Arid Environ. 30 (1995) 219-225
    • (1995) J. Arid Environ. , vol.30 , pp. 219-225
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Habeeb, A.A.M.2    Daader, A.H.3    Yousef, H.M.4
  • 104
    • 0031261724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet supplementation and body cooling on Friesian calves reared in high ambient temperature in the Eastern Desert of Egypt
    • Marai I.F.M., Habeeb A.A.M., Daader A.H., and Yousef H.M. Effects of diet supplementation and body cooling on Friesian calves reared in high ambient temperature in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. J. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 4 (1997) 201-208
    • (1997) J. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. , vol.4 , pp. 201-208
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Habeeb, A.A.M.2    Daader, A.H.3    Yousef, H.M.4
  • 105
    • 0034586781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fattening performance, some behavioral traits and physiological reactions of male lambs fed concentrates mixture alone with or without natural clay under hot summer of Egypt
    • Marai I.F.M., Bahgat L.B., Shalaby T.H., and Abdel-Hafez M.A. Fattening performance, some behavioral traits and physiological reactions of male lambs fed concentrates mixture alone with or without natural clay under hot summer of Egypt. Ann. Arid Zone (India) 39 (2000) 449-460
    • (2000) Ann. Arid Zone (India) , vol.39 , pp. 449-460
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Bahgat, L.B.2    Shalaby, T.H.3    Abdel-Hafez, M.A.4
  • 106
    • 0035542841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth performance and reproductive traits at first parity of New Zealand White female rabbits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation, under Egyptian conditions
    • Marai I.F.M., Ayyat M.S., and Abd-El-Monem U.M. Growth performance and reproductive traits at first parity of New Zealand White female rabbits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation, under Egyptian conditions. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 33 (2001) 1-12
    • (2001) Trop. Anim. Health Prod. , vol.33 , pp. 1-12
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Ayyat, M.S.2    Abd-El-Monem, U.M.3
  • 107
    • 0037010965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rabbit's productive, reproductive and physiological traits as affected by heat stress (a review)
    • Marai I.F.M., Habeeb A.A.M., and Gad A.E. Rabbit's productive, reproductive and physiological traits as affected by heat stress (a review). Livest. Prod. Sci. (Netherlands) 78 (2002) 71-90
    • (2002) Livest. Prod. Sci. (Netherlands) , vol.78 , pp. 71-90
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Habeeb, A.A.M.2    Gad, A.E.3
  • 108
    • 24044510403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance of imported rabbits grown as meat animals to hot climate and saline drinking water in the subtropical environment of Egypt
    • Marai I.F.M., Habeeb A.A.M., and Gad A.E. Tolerance of imported rabbits grown as meat animals to hot climate and saline drinking water in the subtropical environment of Egypt. J. Anim. Sci. 81 (2005) 115-123
    • (2005) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.81 , pp. 115-123
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Habeeb, A.A.M.2    Gad, A.E.3
  • 109
    • 33749535878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tunica dartos index as a parameter for measurement of adaptability of rams to subtropical conditions of Egypt
    • Marai I.F.M., El-Darawany A.A., Abou-Fandoud E.I., and Abdel-Hafez M.A.M. Tunica dartos index as a parameter for measurement of adaptability of rams to subtropical conditions of Egypt. Anim. Sci. J. (Japan) 77 5 (2006) 487-494
    • (2006) Anim. Sci. J. (Japan) , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 487-494
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    El-Darawany, A.A.2    Abou-Fandoud, E.I.3    Abdel-Hafez, M.A.M.4
  • 111
    • 48249152966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of New Zealand White and Californian male weaned rabbits in the subtropical environment of Egypt
    • Marai I.F.M., Habeeb A.A.M., and Gad A.E. Performance of New Zealand White and Californian male weaned rabbits in the subtropical environment of Egypt. Anim. Sci. J. 79 (2008) 472-480
    • (2008) Anim. Sci. J. , vol.79 , pp. 472-480
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Habeeb, A.A.M.2    Gad, A.E.3
  • 112
    • 68949161577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-genetic factors affecting growth and reproduction traits of buffaloes under dry management housing (in sub-tropical environment) in Egypt
    • Marai I.F.M., Daader A.H., Soliman A.M., and El-Menshawy S.M.S. Non-genetic factors affecting growth and reproduction traits of buffaloes under dry management housing (in sub-tropical environment) in Egypt. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 21 3 (2009) 1-13
    • (2009) Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-13
    • Marai, I.F.M.1    Daader, A.H.2    Soliman, A.M.3    El-Menshawy, S.M.S.4
  • 115
    • 0042092832 scopus 로고
    • The regional distribution of cutanus moisture vaporization in the Ayrshire cal£ J
    • Mclean J.A. The regional distribution of cutanus moisture vaporization in the Ayrshire cal£ J. Agric. Sci. 61 (1963) 275
    • (1963) Agric. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 275
    • Mclean, J.A.1
  • 116
    • 0020122563 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral stress and skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in young bulls
    • McVeign J.M., and Tarrent P.V. Behavioral stress and skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in young bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 54 (1982) 790
    • (1982) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 790
    • McVeign, J.M.1    Tarrent, P.V.2
  • 117
    • 34548649099 scopus 로고
    • Physiological reactions of buffalo cows maintained in two different housing conditions during summer months
    • Mishra M.S., Sengupta B.P., and Roy A. Physiological reactions of buffalo cows maintained in two different housing conditions during summer months. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 16 (1963) 203
    • (1963) Indian J. Dairy Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 203
    • Mishra, M.S.1    Sengupta, B.P.2    Roy, A.3
  • 118
    • 85156539276 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic profiles in buffalo heifers bred in two farms with different feeding and climatic conditions
    • Montmurro N., Pacelli C., and Borghese A. Metabolic profiles in buffalo heifers bred in two farms with different feeding and climatic conditions. Egypt. J. Anim. Prod. 32 (1995) 1-12
    • (1995) Egypt. J. Anim. Prod. , vol.32 , pp. 1-12
    • Montmurro, N.1    Pacelli, C.2    Borghese, A.3
  • 119
    • 0001183199 scopus 로고
    • Rearing heifers in the subtropics: nutrient requirements and supplementation
    • Moss R.J. Rearing heifers in the subtropics: nutrient requirements and supplementation. (Bibliographic Citation): Tropical-Grasslands 27 3 (1993) 238-249
    • (1993) (Bibliographic Citation): Tropical-Grasslands , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 238-249
    • Moss, R.J.1
  • 121
    • 0000320489 scopus 로고
    • Effect of humidity and exposure to sun on the pulse rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature and haemoglobin level, in different sexes of cattle and buffaloes
    • Mullick D.N. Effect of humidity and exposure to sun on the pulse rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature and haemoglobin level, in different sexes of cattle and buffaloes. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 54 (1960) 391-394
    • (1960) J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) , vol.54 , pp. 391-394
    • Mullick, D.N.1
  • 122
    • 74249121015 scopus 로고
    • A study on the metabolism of food nutrients in cattle and buffaloes under climatic stress
    • Mullick D.N. A study on the metabolism of food nutrients in cattle and buffaloes under climatic stress. Arid Zone Res. 14 (1964) 137
    • (1964) Arid Zone Res. , vol.14 , pp. 137
    • Mullick, D.N.1
  • 123
    • 74249088551 scopus 로고
    • Association of adaptive traits with performance traits in buffaloes
    • Nagarcenkar R., and Sethi R.K. Association of adaptive traits with performance traits in buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 51 (1981) 1121-1123
    • (1981) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 1121-1123
    • Nagarcenkar, R.1    Sethi, R.K.2
  • 125
    • 0000904763 scopus 로고
    • Effect of heat stress on rumen and plasma metabolite and plasma hormone concentration of Holstein cows
    • (Abstract)
    • Niles M.A., Collier R.J., and Croom W.J. Effect of heat stress on rumen and plasma metabolite and plasma hormone concentration of Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. (suppl.) 152 (1980) (Abstract)
    • (1980) J. Anim. Sci. (suppl.) , vol.152
    • Niles, M.A.1    Collier, R.J.2    Croom, W.J.3
  • 126
    • 0004207109 scopus 로고
    • Academic Press, New York
    • Norman A.W., and Litwack G. Hormones (1987), Academic Press, New York 408-415
    • (1987) Hormones , pp. 408-415
    • Norman, A.W.1    Litwack, G.2
  • 128
    • 74249107521 scopus 로고
    • Anti-diuretic response to thermal stimulation of hypothalamus and spinal cord in the conscious goats
    • Opperman S., Christa J., and Jesser K.M. Anti-diuretic response to thermal stimulation of hypothalamus and spinal cord in the conscious goats. J. Physiol. 64 6 (1978) 3522
    • (1978) J. Physiol. , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 3522
    • Opperman, S.1    Christa, J.2    Jesser, K.M.3
  • 129
    • 0040231343 scopus 로고
    • Effect of restricted access to water supply and shelter on the physiological norms and production of Murrah buffaloes
    • Pal S., Pal R.N., and Thomas C.K. Effect of restricted access to water supply and shelter on the physiological norms and production of Murrah buffaloes. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 28 (1975) 41-48
    • (1975) Indian J. Dairy Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 41-48
    • Pal, S.1    Pal, R.N.2    Thomas, C.K.3
  • 130
    • 85047578579 scopus 로고
    • Variation in cardiorespiratory rates, rectal temperature, blood haematocrit and haemoglobin as measures of adaptability in buffaloes to hot environment
    • Pandy M.D., and Roy A. Variation in cardiorespiratory rates, rectal temperature, blood haematocrit and haemoglobin as measures of adaptability in buffaloes to hot environment. Br. Vet. J. 125 (1969) 63-70
    • (1969) Br. Vet. J. , vol.125 , pp. 63-70
    • Pandy, M.D.1    Roy, A.2
  • 131
    • 74249106246 scopus 로고
    • Taste, olfaction and visceral sensation
    • Ruch T.C., and Paton H.D. (Eds), W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia
    • Paton H.D. Taste, olfaction and visceral sensation. In: Ruch T.C., and Paton H.D. (Eds). Physiology and Biophysics (1965), W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia 346
    • (1965) Physiology and Biophysics , pp. 346
    • Paton, H.D.1
  • 133
    • 0034568530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameters for the determination and evaluation of heat stress in dairy cattle in south Africa
    • Perez J.H. Parameters for the determination and evaluation of heat stress in dairy cattle in south Africa. J. Vet. Res. 67 4 (2000) 263-271
    • (2000) J. Vet. Res. , vol.67 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-271
    • Perez, J.H.1
  • 134
    • 74249091278 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone levels in heat tolerant and non-tolerant Friesian heifers
    • Perez J.H., and Fernandez O. Thyroid hormone levels in heat tolerant and non-tolerant Friesian heifers. Revista de Salud Anim. 10 2 (1988) 121-130
    • (1988) Revista de Salud Anim. , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-130
    • Perez, J.H.1    Fernandez, O.2
  • 135
    • 74249105739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the temperature humidity index on secretion of thyroid hormones in Holstein heifers
    • Perez H., Mendoza E., Alvarez J.L., and Fernandez O. Effect of the temperature humidity index on secretion of thyroid hormones in Holstein heifers. Revista de Salud Anim. 19 2 (1997) 131-135
    • (1997) Revista de Salud Anim. , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-135
    • Perez, H.1    Mendoza, E.2    Alvarez, J.L.3    Fernandez, O.4
  • 136
    • 74249096029 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in the ruminants
    • Academic Press, New York Chap. l
    • Perry T.W., and Cecava M.J. Nitrogen metabolism in the ruminants. Beef Cattle Feeding and Nutrition (1995), Academic Press, New York 1-24 Chap. l
    • (1995) Beef Cattle Feeding and Nutrition , pp. 1-24
    • Perry, T.W.1    Cecava, M.J.2
  • 137
    • 74249105172 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on milk yield and length of lactation period in Egyptian buffaloes
    • Ragab M.T., Asker A.A., and Ghazy M.S. Effect of age on milk yield and length of lactation period in Egyptian buffaloes. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 6 (1953) 181-188
    • (1953) Indian J. Dairy Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 181-188
    • Ragab, M.T.1    Asker, A.A.2    Ghazy, M.S.3
  • 138
    • 73049127226 scopus 로고
    • Effect of air temperature and humidity on the metabolism of nutrients in buffalo
    • Raghavan G.V., and Mullick D.N. Effect of air temperature and humidity on the metabolism of nutrients in buffalo. Ann. Biochem. Exp. Med. 21 (1961) 277
    • (1961) Ann. Biochem. Exp. Med. , vol.21 , pp. 277
    • Raghavan, G.V.1    Mullick, D.N.2
  • 140
    • 0000420805 scopus 로고
    • The Iberia heat tolerance test for cattle
    • Rhoad A.O. The Iberia heat tolerance test for cattle. Trop. Agric. 21 (1944) 162-164
    • (1944) Trop. Agric. , vol.21 , pp. 162-164
    • Rhoad, A.O.1
  • 141
    • 0011440295 scopus 로고
    • Effects of increasing rumen fluid dilution rate with mineral salts on water consumption, ruminal degradation of dry matter and production of volatile fatty acids
    • (Abstr.)
    • Rogers J.A., and Davis C.L. Effects of increasing rumen fluid dilution rate with mineral salts on water consumption, ruminal degradation of dry matter and production of volatile fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 63 Suppl. 1 (1980) 147 (Abstr.)
    • (1980) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.63 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 147
    • Rogers, J.A.1    Davis, C.L.2
  • 142
    • 0020119359 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of rumen fermentation, milk fat synthesis and nutrient utilization with mineral salts in dairy cows
    • Rogers J.A., Davis C.L., and Clark J.H. Alteration of rumen fermentation, milk fat synthesis and nutrient utilization with mineral salts in dairy cows. J, Dairy Sci. 65 (1982) 577-586
    • (1982) J, Dairy Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 577-586
    • Rogers, J.A.1    Davis, C.L.2    Clark, J.H.3
  • 145
    • 74249123898 scopus 로고
    • Effect of varying environment on semen quality, cardiorespiratory activity, milk production and female fertility of buffalo
    • Roy A., Sengupts B.P., and Misro M.S. Effect of varying environment on semen quality, cardiorespiratory activity, milk production and female fertility of buffalo. Environ. Physiol. Psychol. Rev. of Res. Arid Zone Res. Paris,Unsco 24 (1964) 275
    • (1964) Environ. Physiol. Psychol. Rev. of Res. Arid Zone Res. Paris,Unsco , vol.24 , pp. 275
    • Roy, A.1    Sengupts, B.P.2    Misro, M.S.3
  • 146
    • 3242851678 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations in some body reactions and blood constituents in lactating buffaloes and Friesian cows
    • Salem A. Seasonal variations in some body reactions and blood constituents in lactating buffaloes and Friesian cows. J. Egyptian Vet. Med. Assoc. 40 (1980) 63
    • (1980) J. Egyptian Vet. Med. Assoc. , vol.40 , pp. 63
    • Salem, A.1
  • 147
    • 74249100493 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of body water under environmental heat stress
    • Saxena S.K., and Joshi B.C. Dynamics of body water under environmental heat stress. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 50 (1980) 383-388
    • (1980) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 383-388
    • Saxena, S.K.1    Joshi, B.C.2
  • 148
    • 74249092704 scopus 로고
    • Water turnover rates in Hariana cattle and their crosses at different temperatures
    • Saxena S.K., and Singh K. Water turnover rates in Hariana cattle and their crosses at different temperatures. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 53 (1983) 944-952
    • (1983) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 944-952
    • Saxena, S.K.1    Singh, K.2
  • 150
    • 0023760759 scopus 로고
    • Nycterohemeral patterns of acid-base status, mineral concentrations and digestive function of lactating cows in natural or chamber heat stress environments
    • Schneider P.L., Beede O.K., and Wilcox C.J. Nycterohemeral patterns of acid-base status, mineral concentrations and digestive function of lactating cows in natural or chamber heat stress environments. J. Anim. Sci. 66 (1988) 112-125
    • (1988) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 112-125
    • Schneider, P.L.1    Beede, O.K.2    Wilcox, C.J.3
  • 152
    • 3242868818 scopus 로고
    • Effect of plane of nutrition on serum prolactin and insulin in pre-and post-pubertal heifers
    • (Abstract)
    • Sejrsen K., Fitzgerald E.M., Tucker H.A., and Huber J.T. Effect of plane of nutrition on serum prolactin and insulin in pre-and post-pubertal heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 53 Suppl. 1 (1980) 326-327 (Abstract)
    • (1980) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 326-327
    • Sejrsen, K.1    Fitzgerald, E.M.2    Tucker, H.A.3    Huber, J.T.4
  • 153
    • 0018436510 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of exogenous corticotropin and environment on protein bound iodine and other plasma biochemical parameters
    • Segura E.T., Roussel J.D., Satterlee D.G., Gomila L.F., Shafferi L., and Bergton J.C. Interaction of exogenous corticotropin and environment on protein bound iodine and other plasma biochemical parameters. J. Dairy Sci. 62 (1979) 278-282
    • (1979) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 278-282
    • Segura, E.T.1    Roussel, J.D.2    Satterlee, D.G.3    Gomila, L.F.4    Shafferi, L.5    Bergton, J.C.6
  • 154
    • 0019348274 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age, temperature, season and breed on blood characteristics of dairy cattle
    • Shafferi I., Roussel J.D., and Koonce K.X. Effects of age, temperature, season and breed on blood characteristics of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 64 1 (1981) 63-68
    • (1981) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-68
    • Shafferi, I.1    Roussel, J.D.2    Koonce, K.X.3
  • 155
    • 74249124010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shafie, M.M., 1985. Physiological responses and adaptation of water buffalo. In: Yousef, M.K. (Ed). Stress Physiology in Livestock,. 2, Ungulates. Florida. USA. CRC.
    • Shafie, M.M., 1985. Physiological responses and adaptation of water buffalo. In: Yousef, M.K. (Ed). Stress Physiology in Livestock,. 2, Ungulates. Florida. USA. CRC.
  • 156
    • 74249108944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shafie, M.M., 1993. Biological adaptation of buffaloes to climatic conditions. In: Proceedings of Prospects of Buffalo Production in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Cairo, Egypt . EAAP Publ. No. 62, Pudoc Sci.Publ., Wageningen, pp. 176-185.
    • Shafie, M.M., 1993. Biological adaptation of buffaloes to climatic conditions. In: Proceedings of Prospects of Buffalo Production in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Cairo, Egypt . EAAP Publ. No. 62, Pudoc Sci.Publ., Wageningen, pp. 176-185.
  • 157
    • 74249092358 scopus 로고
    • Activity of the sebaceous glands of bovines in hot climate (Egypt)
    • Shafie M.M., and Abou El-Khair M.M. Activity of the sebaceous glands of bovines in hot climate (Egypt). J. Anim. Prod., Cairo, UA R 10 (1970) 81-98
    • (1970) J. Anim. Prod., Cairo, UA R , vol.10 , pp. 81-98
    • Shafie, M.M.1    Abou El-Khair, M.M.2
  • 158
    • 0345446045 scopus 로고
    • The role of blood in regulation of body heat in bovines
    • Shafie M.M., and Badreldin A.L. The role of blood in regulation of body heat in bovines. J. Anim. Prod., Cairo, UAR 2 (1962) 61-76
    • (1962) J. Anim. Prod., Cairo, UAR , vol.2 , pp. 61-76
    • Shafie, M.M.1    Badreldin, A.L.2
  • 159
    • 0026176896 scopus 로고
    • Water, Na, K, and Cl metabolism of of dairy cows at onset of lactation in hot weather
    • Shalit O., Maltz E., Silanikove N., and Herman A. Water, Na, K, and Cl metabolism of of dairy cows at onset of lactation in hot weather. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (1991) 1874-1883
    • (1991) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 1874-1883
    • Shalit, O.1    Maltz, E.2    Silanikove, N.3    Herman, A.4
  • 160
    • 3242843931 scopus 로고
    • In vivo body composition in ruminants. I. Blood volume in Friesian and water buffaloes
    • Shebaita M.K., and Kamal T.H. In vivo body composition in ruminants. I. Blood volume in Friesian and water buffaloes. Alexandria J. Agric. Res. 1 (1973) 329-350
    • (1973) Alexandria J. Agric. Res. , vol.1 , pp. 329-350
    • Shebaita, M.K.1    Kamal, T.H.2
  • 161
    • 3242817222 scopus 로고
    • Lean body mass and body fat change in lactating animals under Sahara climate
    • Shebaita M.K., and Kamal T.H. Lean body mass and body fat change in lactating animals under Sahara climate. World Rev. Anim. Prod. (1975) 28-57
    • (1975) World Rev. Anim. Prod. , pp. 28-57
    • Shebaita, M.K.1    Kamal, T.H.2
  • 163
    • 33749520234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive performance of sheep exposed to hot environments
    • Malik R.C., Razzaque M.A., and Al-Nasser A.Y. (Eds), The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
    • Shelton M. Reproductive performance of sheep exposed to hot environments. In: Malik R.C., Razzaque M.A., and Al-Nasser A.Y. (Eds). Sheep Production in Hot and Arid Zones (2000), The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research 155-162
    • (2000) Sheep Production in Hot and Arid Zones , pp. 155-162
    • Shelton, M.1
  • 164
    • 0031131953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water, Na, K and Cl metabolism in high yielding dairy cows at the onset of lactation
    • Silanikove N., Maltz E., Halevi A., and Shinder D. Water, Na, K and Cl metabolism in high yielding dairy cows at the onset of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (1997) 949-956
    • (1997) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.80 , pp. 949-956
    • Silanikove, N.1    Maltz, E.2    Halevi, A.3    Shinder, D.4
  • 165
    • 74249119136 scopus 로고
    • Bock H.D., Eggum B.O., Low A.G., Simon O., and Zebrowska T. (Eds), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Smith J.L.H. Nitrogen metabolism in farm animals. In: Bock H.D., Eggum B.O., Low A.G., Simon O., and Zebrowska T. (Eds) (1989), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • (1989) Nitrogen metabolism in farm animals
    • Smith, J.L.H.1
  • 166
    • 0026948044 scopus 로고
    • A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II. Carbohydrate and protein availability
    • Sniffen C.J., O'Connor J.D., Van Soest P.J., Fox D.G., and Rusel J.B. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets. II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70 (1992) 3562
    • (1992) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 3562
    • Sniffen, C.J.1    O'Connor, J.D.2    Van Soest, P.J.3    Fox, D.G.4    Rusel, J.B.5
  • 169
    • 74249083562 scopus 로고
    • Effect of different environmental shelters and different environmental conditions on metabolism and body water distribution of Sahiwal × Brown Swiss (Fl) and purebred Sahiwal cattle
    • Tomer S., Dhiuon J.S., and Razdan M.N. Effect of different environmental shelters and different environmental conditions on metabolism and body water distribution of Sahiwal × Brown Swiss (Fl) and purebred Sahiwal cattle. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 22 (1969) 73-80
    • (1969) Indian J. Dairy Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 73-80
    • Tomer, S.1    Dhiuon, J.S.2    Razdan, M.N.3
  • 170
    • 74249095383 scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary cation-anion balance on two rations on lactating dairy cows subject to temperature stress
    • Tucker W.B., Harrison G.A., and Hemken R.W. Influence of dietary cation-anion balance on two rations on lactating dairy cows subject to temperature stress. J. Dairy Sci. 45 (1988) 1472-1478
    • (1988) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 1472-1478
    • Tucker, W.B.1    Harrison, G.A.2    Hemken, R.W.3
  • 171
    • 33846139167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of season on biological responses and productivity of buffalo
    • Verma D.N., Lal S.N., Singh S.P., Parkash O.M., and Parkash O. Effect of season on biological responses and productivity of buffalo. Int. J. Anim. Sci. 15 2 (2000) 237-244
    • (2000) Int. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-244
    • Verma, D.N.1    Lal, S.N.2    Singh, S.P.3    Parkash, O.M.4    Parkash, O.5
  • 172
    • 0026180262 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition, feeding and calves: Role of magnesium in the DCAB equation for ruminants
    • Waterman D.F., Swenson T.S., Tucker W.B., and Hemken R.W. Nutrition, feeding and calves: Role of magnesium in the DCAB equation for ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (1991) 1866-1873
    • (1991) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 1866-1873
    • Waterman, D.F.1    Swenson, T.S.2    Tucker, W.B.3    Hemken, R.W.4
  • 174
    • 0028472693 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of energy and bovine somatotropin with heat stress
    • West J.W. Interactions of energy and bovine somatotropin with heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 77 (1993) 2091-2102
    • (1993) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.77 , pp. 2091-2102
    • West, J.W.1
  • 175
    • 0002119032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional strategies for managing the heat-stressed dairy cow
    • West J.W. Nutritional strategies for managing the heat-stressed dairy cow. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Amer. Dairy Sci. Assoc. 2 (1999) 21-35
    • (1999) Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Amer. Dairy Sci. Assoc. , vol.2 , pp. 21-35
    • West, J.W.1
  • 176
    • 84971055564 scopus 로고
    • Water economy and food intake of sheep when intermittent
    • Wilson A.D. Water economy and food intake of sheep when intermittent. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 21 (1970) 273-277
    • (1970) Aust. J. Agric. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 273-277
    • Wilson, A.D.1
  • 177
    • 3242827390 scopus 로고
    • Predicting heat tolerance from calf vaporization rates
    • Yeck R.G., and Kibler H.H. Predicting heat tolerance from calf vaporization rates. J. Anim. Sci. 17 (1958) 1228-1229
    • (1958) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 1228-1229
    • Yeck, R.G.1    Kibler, H.H.2
  • 181
    • 0011887126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body weight gain and some physiological changes in Friesian calves protected with wood or reinforced concrete sheds during hot summer season of Egypt
    • Yousef J.L.M., Habeeb A.A., and EL-Kousey H. Body weight gain and some physiological changes in Friesian calves protected with wood or reinforced concrete sheds during hot summer season of Egypt. Egypt. J. Anim. Prod. 34 (1997) 89-101
    • (1997) Egypt. J. Anim. Prod. , vol.34 , pp. 89-101
    • Yousef, J.L.M.1    Habeeb, A.A.2    EL-Kousey, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.