Mass extinctions

Planets and Life: The Emerging Science of Astrobiology

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 335-354

  Ward, Peter D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 74149085547     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (49)

1. Alvarez, L., Alvarez, W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. (1980). Extra-terrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Science, 208, 1094-1108.
2. Becker, L., Poreda, R.J., Hunt, A.G., Bunch, T.E., and Rampino, M. (2001). Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in full-erenes. Science, 291, 1530-1533.
3. Becker, L., Poreda, R. J., Basu, A. R., Pope, K. P., Harrison, M., Nicolson, C., and Iasky, R. (2004) Bedout: an end-Permian impact crater offshore northwestern Australia. Science, 304, 1469-1476.
4. Cockell, C. S. and Bland, P. A. (2005). The evolutionary and ecological benefits of asteroid and comet impacts. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20, 175-179.
5. Covey, C., Thompson, S., Weissman, P., and Maccracken, M. (1994). Global climatic effects of atmospheric dust from and asteroid or comet impact on earth. Global and Planetary Change, 9, 263-273.
6. D’Hondt, S., Pilson, M.E. Q., Sigurdsson, H., et al. (1994). Surface-water acidification and extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Geology, 22, 983-986.
7. Ellis, J. and Schramm, D. (1995). Could a nearby supernova explosion have caused a mass extinction? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 92, 235-238.
8. Erwin, D. (1993). The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life andDeath in the Permian. New York: Columbia University Press.
9. Erwin, D. (1994). The Permo-Triassic extinction. Nature, 367, 231-236.
10. Fields, B.D., Hochmuth, K. A., and Ellis, J. (2005). Deep-ocean crusts as telescopes: using live radioisotopes to probe supernova nucleosynthesis. Astrophys. J., 621, 902-907.
11. Grieve, R. A. F. and Pesonen, L. J. (1992). The terrestrial impact cratering record. Tectonophysics, 216, 1-30.
12. Hallam, A. and Wignall, P. (1997). Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Huey, R. B. and Ward, P. D. (2005). Hypoxia, global warming, and terrestrial late Permian extinctions. Science, 308, 398-401.
14. Kiehl, J. T. and Shields, C. A. (2005). Climate simulation of the latest Permian: implications for mass extinction. Geology, 33, 757-760.
15. Knie, K., Korschinek, G., Faestermann, T., Dorfi, E.A., Rugel, G., and Wallner, A. (2004). 60Fe anomaly in a deep-sea manganese crust and implications for a nearby supernova source. Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, 171103.
16. Kring, D. A. (2003). Environmental consequences of impact cratering events as a function of ambient conditions on Earth. Astrobiology, 3, 133-152.
17. Kump, L. and Arthur, M. (2005). Massive release of hydrogen sulfide to the surface ocean and atmosphere during intervals of oceanic anoxia. Geology, 33, 397-400.
18. Li, Y., Liang, H., Yin, H., Sun, J., Cai, H., Rao, Z., and Ran, F. (2005). Determination of fullerenes (C60/C70) from the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Meishan Section of South China. Acta Geol. Sin., 79, 11-15.
19. Lineweaver, C. H., Fenner, Y., and Gibson, B. K. (2004). The galactic habitable zone and the age distribution ofcomplex life in the Milky Way. Science, 303, 59-62.
20. Looy, C., Brugman, W.A., Dilcher, D. L., and Visscher, H. (1999). The delayed resurgence of equatorial forests after the Permian-Triassic ecologic crisis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 96, 13857-13862.
21. MacLeod, K. G., Smith, R. M. H., Koch, P. L., and Ward, P. D. (2000). Timing of mammal-like reptile extinctions across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South Africa. Geology, 28,227-30.
22. Marshall, C. (1990). Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges. Paleobiology, 16, 1-10.
23. Marshall, C. and Ward, P. (1996). Sudden and gradual mol-luscan extinctions in the latest Cretaceous of Western European Tethys. Science, 274, 1360-1363.
24. Melott, A., Lieberman, B., Laird, C., et al. (2004). Did a gamma-ray burst initiate the late Ordovician mass extinction? Int. J. Astrobiology, 3, 55-61.
25. Morante, R. (1996). Permian and early Triassic isotopic records of carbon and strontium events in Australia and a scenario of events about the Permian-Triassic boundary. Historical Geology, 11, 289-310.
26. Pavlov, A., Toon, O.B., Pavlov, A. K., and Bally, J. (2005). Passing through a giant molecular cloud: ‘‘Snowball' glaciations produced by interstellar dust. Geophys. Res. L., 32, L03705.
27. Payne, J.L., Lehrmann, D.J., Wei, J., Orchard, M.J., Schrag, D.P., and Knoll, A.H. (2004). Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction. Science, 305, 506-509.
28. Phillips, J. (1860). Life on the Earth: Its Origin and Succession. Cambridge: Macmillan (1980 reprint, New York: Arno Press).
29. Pope, K., Baines, A., Ocampo, A., and Ivanov, B. (1994). Impact winter and the Cretaceous Tertiary extinctions: results of a Chicxulub asteroid impact model. Earth and Planetary Science Express, 128, 719-725.
30. Raup, D. (1990). Impact as a general cause of extinction: a feasibility test. In Global Catastrophes in Earth History, eds. V. Sharpton and P. Ward, Geol. Soc. Am. Special Paper, 247, 27-32.
31. Raup, D. (1991). A kill curve for Phanerozoic marine species. Paleobiology, 17, 37-48.
32. Raup, D. and Sepkoski, J. (1984). Periodicity of extinction in the geologic past. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., A81, 801-805.
33. Retallack, G. and Krull, E. (1999). Landscape ecological shift at the Permian/Triassic boundary in Antarctica. Aust. J. Earth Sciences, 46, 785-812.
34. Scalo, J. and Wheeler, J. C. (2002). Astrophysical and astro-biological implications of gamma-ray burst properties. Astrophys. J., 566, 723-737.
35. Schuraytz, B.C., Sharpton, V. L., and Marin, L.E. (1994). Petrology of impact-melt rocks at the Chicxulub multiring basin, Yucatan, Mexico. Geology, 22, 983-986.
36. Sepkosky, J. J. and Raup, D. M. (1982). Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record. Science, 215, 1501-1503.
37. Sharpton, V. L., Dalrymple, G. B., Marin, L. E., et al. (1992). New links between the Chicxulub impact structure and the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary. Nature, 354, 819-821.
38. Sharpton, V. L., Burke, K., Camargozanoguera, A., et al. (1993). Chicxulub multiring impact basin-size and other characteristics derived from gravity analysis. Science, 261, 1564-1567.
39. Signor, P. and Lipps, J. (1982). Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record. Geol Soc. Am. Special Paper, 190, 291-6.
40. Sigurdsson, H., D’Hondt, S., and Carey, S. (1992). Theimpact of the Cretaceous-Tertiary bolide on evaporite terrain and generation of major sulfuric acid aerosol. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 109, 543-559.
41. Smith, R. M. H. and Ward, P. D. (2001). Pattern of vertebrate extinctions across an event bed at the Permian/Triassic boundary in the main Karoo basin of South Africa. Geology, 29, 1147-1150.
42. Stanley, S. (1987). Extinctions. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. Teichert, C. (1990). The Permian-Triassic boundary revisited. In Events in Earth History, Kauffman, E. and Walliser, O., eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 199-238.
43. Wang, S. and Marshall, C. (2004). Improved confidence intervals for estimating the position of a mass extinction boundary. Paleobiology, 30, 5-18.
44. Ward, P. (1994). The End of Evolution. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell.
45. Ward, P. and Brownlee, D. (2000). Rare Earth. New York: Copernicus (Springer-Verlag).
46. Ward, P. and Brownlee, D. (2002). The Life and Death of Planet Earth. New York: Henry Holt.
47. Ward, P., Haggart, J., Carter, E., Wilbur, D., Tipper, H., and Evans, T. (2001). Sudden productivity collapse associated with the Triassic/Jurassic boundary mass extinction. Science, 292, 1148-1151.
48. Ward, P. D., Garrison, G. H., Haggart, J. W., Kring, D.A., and Beattie, M. J. (2004). Isotopic evidence bearing on Late Triassic extinction events, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, and implications for the duration and cause of the Triassic/Jurassic mass extinction. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 224, 589-600.
49. Ward, P.D., Botha, J., Buick, R., et al. (2005). Abrupt and gradual extinction among late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Science, 307, 709-714.