Good treatment outcomes among foreigners receiving antiretroviral therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa

International Journal of STD and AIDS

Volumn 20, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 858-862

  McCarthy, K ^a   Chersich, M F ^a,b   Vearey, J ^a   Meyer Rath, G ^c   Jaffer, A ^a   Simpwalo, S ^d   Venter, W D F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^c LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^d Nazareth House   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Refugees; South Africa; UNHCR

Indexed keywords

EFAVIRENZ; LAMIVUDINE; STAVUDINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; FEMALE; FOREIGN WORKER; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOUTH AFRICA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED NATIONS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; EMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANTS; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICAL AUDIT; SOUTH AFRICA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 74049144051     PISSN: 09564624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009258     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. UNHCR. 2007 Global trends: refugees, Asylum-seekers, returnees, internally displaced and stateless persons. 2008. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/STATISTICS/4852366f2.pdf (last accessed 1 June 2009)
2. Consortium for Refugees and Migrants in South Africa (CoRMSA). Protecting refugees and asylum seekers in South Africa, Johannesburg. CoRMSA 2008. Available at: http://www.lhr.org.za/files/Cormsa08-Final.pdf (last accessed 5 December 2008)
3. Forced Migration Studies Programme. Fact or fiction? Examining Zimbabwean cross-border migration into South Africa. Forced Migrations Study Programme, University of theWitwatersrand. 2007. Available at: http:// migration.org.za/wp- content/uploads/2008/03/fmsp-2007-b-zimbabweborder-1.pdf (last accessed 5 December 2008)
4. Immigration Act 2002. No. 31 of 2002. Government Gazette 2002;443:23478
5. Refugee Act 1998. No. 130 of 1998. Government Gazette 1998;402:19544
6. Vearey J. International migrants: linkages between migration, access to ART and survivalist livelihood strategies in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. Afr J AIDS Res 2009;7:361-74
7. Kapp C. South Africa failing people displaced by xenophobia riots. Lancet 2008;371:1986-7
8. Jacobsen K. Refugees and asylum seekers in urban areas: a livelihoods perspective. J Refugee Stud 2006;19:273-5
9. Landau L. Protection and dignity in Johannesburg: shortcomings of South Africa's Urban Refugee Policy. J Refugee Stud 2006;19:308-12
10. Pursell R. Accessing health services at Johannesburg's clinics and hospitals. In: Landau L, ed. Forced Migrants in the New Johannesburg: Towards a Local Government Response. Johannesburg: The Foundation for Human Rights, 2006
11. UNHCR, HIV Clinician's Society of Southern Africa. Clinical Guidelines on Antiretroviral Therapy Management for Displaced Persons. 2007. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/4683b0522.html (last accessed 10 August 2009)
12. National Department of Health. HIV & AIDS and STI Strategic Plan for South Africa, 2007-2011. April 2007. Available at: http://www.doh.gov. za/docs/ hivaids-progressrep.html (last accessed 10 August 2009)
13. National Department of Health. Revenue Directive - Refugees/Asylum Seekers With or Without a Permit (BI 4/29 REFUG/ASYL). 2007
14. National Department of Health, Kalombo ND, Project Manager Comprehensive HIV&AIDS Care. Memorandum: Access to Comprehensive HIV and AIDS care Including Antiretroviral Treatment. 2008
15. Vearey J, Palmary I. Assessing non-citizen access to antiretroviral therapy in Johannesburg. Forced Migration Studies Programme. 2008. Available at: www.migration.org.za (last accessed 5 December 2008)
16. Balbo M, Marconi G. Governing international migration in the city of the South. Global Migration Perspect 2005;38:1-17
17. Jacobsen K, Landau L. The dual imperative in refugee research: some methodological and ethical considerations in social science research on forced migration. Disasters 2003;27:185-206
18. Brinkhof MW, Boulle A, Weigel R, et al. Mortality of HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: comparison with HIV-unrelated mortality. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000066
19. Raghunathan TE. What do we do with missing data? Some options for analysis of incomplete data. Annu Rev Public Health 2004;25:99-117
20. Twisk J, de Vente W. Attrition in longitudinal studies. How to deal with missing data. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:329-37
21. Dalal RP, Macphail C, Mqhayi M, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of adult patients lost to follow-up at an antiretroviral treatment clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008;47:101-7
22. Brinkhof M, Dabis F, Braitstein P, et al. Censoring issues in observational HIV treatment cohorts: describing different approaches to censoring and their effects on estimates of mortality and losses to follow-up in a multinational cohort collaboration from resource-constrained settings. Abstract no. MOPE0447 AIDS 2006 - XVI International AIDS Conference; 2006
23. Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, et al. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet 2006;367:817- 24
24. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, Planning, Financing. 2007
25. World Health Organization. Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Smear-negative Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Among Adults and Adolescents: Recommendations for HIV-Prevalent and Resource-Constrained Settings. 2007. Available at: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2006/tbhiv- recommendatio ns.pdf (last accessed 10 August 2009)
26. Boshoff C, Weiss RA. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001;356: 517-34
27. McCarthy KM, Morgan J, Wannemuehler KA, et al. Population-based surveillance for cryptococcosis in an antiretroviral-naive South African province with a high HIV seroprevalence. AIDS 2006;20:2199-206
28. Spiegel PB, Bennedsen AR, Claass J, et al. Prevalence of HIV infection in conflict-affected and displaced people in seven sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review. Lancet 2007;369:2187-95
29. Culbert H, Tu D, O'Brien DP, et al. HIV treatment in a conflict setting: outcomes and experiences from Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS Med 2007;4:e129
30. Kiboneka A, Nyatia RJ, Nabiryo C, et al. Pediatric HIV therapy in armed conflict. AIDS 2008;22:1097-8
31. Olupot-Olupot P, Katawera A, Cooper C, Small W, Anema A, Mills E. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among a conflict-affected population in Northeastern Uganda: a qualitative study. AIDS 2008;22:1882-4
32. Landau L. Discrimination and development? Immigration. urbanisation and sustainable livelihoods in Johannesburg. Dev Southern Afr 2007;24:161-76
33. Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, De Cock KM,Williams BG. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model. Lancet 2009;373:48-57