Representing geoscientific knowledge in cyberinfrastructure: Some challenges, approaches, and implementations

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 397, Issue , 2006, Pages 1-20

  Brodaric, Boyan ^a   Gahegan, Mark ^b  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cyberinfrastructure; Geoscience knowledge; Geoscience reasoning; Knowledge representation; Ontology

Indexed keywords

GEOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION; ONTOLOGY;

COMPUTATIONAL NETWORKS; CYBER INFRASTRUCTURES; GEOSCIENCES; GOVERNMENT AGENCIES; ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT;

DATABASE SYSTEMS;

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; DATABASE; KNOWLEDGE; PHILOSOPHY; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 73949112942     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2006.2397(01)     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Albritton, C.C., Jr., editor, 1963, The Fabric of Geology: Reading, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley, 372 p.
2. Bain, K.A., and Giles, J.R.A., 1997, A standard model for storage of geologic map data: Computers & Geosciences, v. 23, no. 6, p. 613-620, doi: 10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00043-5.
3. Baker, V., 1996, Hypotheses and geomorphological reasoning, in Rhoads, B.L., and Thorn, C.E., eds., The Scientific Nature of Geomorphology: New York, Wiley, p. 57-86.
4. Baker, V., 1999, Geosemiosis: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 5, p. 633-645, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0633:G>2.3.CO;2.
5. Barsalou, L.W., 1999, Perceptual symbol systems: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, v. 22, p. 577-660, doi: 10.1017/S0140525X99002149. (Pubitemid 29526169)
6. Boisvert, E., Morin, A., Lauziere, K., and Lebel, D., 2001, Using the proposed North American Data Model in a distributed database environment, in Soller, D., ed., Digital Mapping Techniques '01-Workshop Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-223, p. 35-44, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ 2001/of01-223/boisvert.html.
7. Breunig, M., 1999, An approach to the spatial data and systems integration for a 3D geo-information system: Computers & Geosciences, v. 25, no. 1, p. 39-48, doi: 10.1016/S0098-3004(98)00104-6. (Pubitemid 29253299)
8. Brodaric, B., and Gahegan, M., 2001, Learning geoscience categories in-situ: Implications for geographic knowledge representation, in Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Symposium on Advances in GIS, Atlanta, GA, Nov. 9-10, 2001: New York, ACM Press, p. 130-135.
9. Brodaric, B., and Gahegan, M., 2002, Distinguishing instances and evidence of geographical concepts for geospatial database design, in Egenhofer, M., and Mark, D., eds., Geographic Information Science-2nd International Conference, GIScience 2002, LNCS 2478: Berlin, Springer, p. 22-37.
10. Brodaric, B., and Hastings, J., 2002. An object model for geologic map information, in Richardson, D., and van Oosterom, P., eds., Advances in Spatial Data Handling, 10th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling: New York, Springer, p. 55-68.
11. Burners-Lee, T., Handler, J., and Lassila, O., 2001, The Semantic Web: Scientific American, May 2001, p. 35-43.
12. Call, A., Calvanese, D., De Giacomo, G., and Lenzerini, M., 2002, On the expressive power of data integration systems, in Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2002), LCNS: 2503, Berlin, Springer, p. 338-350.
13. Cox, S., 2001, Geology data transfer using XML, in Proceedings of the International Association for Mathematical Geology Annual Meeting, Cancun, Mexico, Sept. 6-12 (CD-ROM).
14. Davenport, P., Boisvert, E., Quat, M., Okulitch, A., Brodaric, B., Colman-Sadd, S., Nolan, L., Struik, B., MacIntyre, D., Tzeng, P., Scott, D., Gilbert, C., Abbott, G., Bassan, A., Journeay, M., Francis, J., and Houlahan, T., 2002, A scalable, digital map database of bedrock geology for Canada: A progress report, in Soller, D.R., 2002, Digital Mapping Techniques '02-Workshop Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-370, 214 p.
15. de Jong, T., and Ferguson-Hessler, M.G.M., 1996, Types and qualities of knowledge: Educational Psychologist, v. 31, no. 2, p. 105-113. (Pubitemid 126312028)
16. Domenig, R., and Dittrich, K., 1999, An overview and classification of mediated query systems: ACM SIGMOD Record, v. 28, no. 3, p. 63-72.
17. Elmagarmid, A., Rusinkiewicz, M., and Sheth, A., eds., 1999, Management of Heterogeneous and Autonomous Database Systems: San Francisco, California, Morgan Kaufmann, 413 p.
18. Engelhardt, W., and Zimmermann, J., 1982, Theory of Earth Science: New York, Cambridge, 381 p.
19. Feist, G.J., and Gorman, M.E., 1998, The psychology of science: Review and integration of a nascent discipline: Review of General Psychology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 3-47, doi: 10.1037//1089-2680.2.1.3.
20. Fensel, D., Staab, S., Studer, R., and van Harmelen, F., 2002, Peer-2-Peer enabled Semantic Web for Knowledge Management, in Davies, N.J., Fensel, D., and van Harmelen, F., eds., Ontology-based Knowledge Management: Exploiting the Semantic Web: London, UK, Wiley.
21. Feyerband, P., 1975, Against Method: London, Verso, 296 p.
22. Flach, P., and Kakas, A., eds., 2000, Abduction and Induction: Essays on their Relation and Integration: Boston, Kluwer, 309 p.
23. Fonseca, F., Egenhofer, M., Davis, C., and Camara, G., 2002, Semantic Granularity in ontology-driven GIS: Annals of Math and Artificial Intelligence, v. 36, no. 1-2, p. 121-151.
24. Frodeman, R., 1995, Geological reasoning: Geology as an interpretive and historical science: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 8, p. 960-968, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0960:GRGAAI>2.3.CO;2.
25. Frodeman, R., 2003, Geologic: Breaking ground between philosophy and the earth sciences: Albany, State University of New York Press, 184 p.
26. th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 11-26.
27. Gangemi, A., Guarino, N., Masolo, C., and Oltramari, A., 2003, Sweetening WordNet with DOLCE: AI Magazine, v. 24, no. 3, p. 13-24.
28. Gartner, H., Bergmann, A., and Schmidt, J., 2001, Object-oriented modeling of data sources as a tool for integration of heterogeneous geoscientific information: Computers & Geosciences, v. 27, p. 975-985, doi: 10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00135-7. (Pubitemid 32621201)
29. Goschke, T., 1997, Implicit learning and unconscious knowledge: Mental representation, computational mechanisms, and brain structures, in Lamberts K., and Shanks, D., eds., Knowledge, Concepts, and Categories: Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, p. 247-334.
30. Gould, S.J., 2000, De-constructing the science wars by reconstructing an old mold: Science, v. 287, p. 253-261, doi: 10.1126/science.287.5451.253. (Pubitemid 30046745)
31. Guarino, N., 1998, Formal Ontology and Information Systems, in Guarino, N., ed., Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Amsterdam, IOS Press, p. 3-15.
32. Grenon, P., and Smith, B., 2004, SNAP and SPAN: Towards Dynamic Spatial Ontology, Spatial Cognition and Computation, v. 4, p. 1.
33. Gribble, S., Halevy, A., Zachary, I., Rodrig, M., and Suciu, D., 2001, What can peer-to-peer do for databases and vice versa?, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Web and Databases (WebDB 2001), Santa Barbara, California, May 2001.
34. Gruber, T.R., 1993, A translation approach to portable ontology specifications: Knowledge Acquisition, v. 5, p. 199-220, doi: 10.1006/knac.1993.1008.
35. Hanson, N.R., 1958, Patterns of Discovery: An Inquiry into the Conceptual Foundations of Science: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 240 p.
36. Harvey, D., 1969, Explanation in Geography: London, Edward Arnold, 521 p.
37. Hempel, C.C., and Oppenheim, P., 1988, Studies in the Logic of Explanation, in J. Pitt, ed., Theories of Explanation: New York, Oxford University Press, p. 9-50.
38. Heyn, G., Kuebler, S., Richter, B., Skala, W., and Voisard, A., 2000, The Geohyp Project: Representing knowledge in geologic hypermaps: GEO-Informations systeme, v. 13, no. 13, p. 24-28.
39. Hull, R., 1997, Managing semantic heterogeneity in databases: A theoretical perspective, in Proceedings of the ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS): New York, ACM Press, p. 51-61.
40. Jackson, J.A., 1997, Glossary of Geology, 4th ed.: Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute, 769 p.
41. Johnson, B.R., Brodaric, B., Raines, G.L., Hastings, J.T., and Wahl, R., 1999, Digital geological map data model, v4.3: U.S. Geological Survey, http://www.nadm-geo.org/prd/Model43a.pdf.
42. Josephson, J.R., and Josephson, S.G., 1994, Abductive inference: Computation, philosophy, technology: New York, Cambridge University Press, 306 p.
43. Karp, P.D., 2000, An ontology for biological function based on molecular interactions: Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), v. 16, no. 3, p. 269-285, doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/16.3.269.
44. Kitts, D.B., 1977, The Structure of Geology: Dallas, Texas, Southern Methodist University Press, 180 p.
45. Klein, M., 2002, Combining and relating ontologies: Knowledge-Based Systems, v. 15, no. 5-6, p. 265-273, doi: 10.1016/S0950-7051(01)00162-9. (Pubitemid 34302695)
46. Koch, C., Petta, P., Le Goff, J., and McClatchey, R., 2000, On information integration in large scientific collaborations: Technical Report TR-2000-28, Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence.
47. Kuhn, T.S., 1962, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 172 p.
48. Kuhn, W., 2001, Ontologies in support of activities in geographical space: International Journal of Information Science, v. 15, no. 7, p. 613-631, doi: 10.1080/13658810110061180. (Pubitemid 32919265)
49. Lakoff, G., 1987, Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 614 p.
50. Langley, P., 2000, The computational support of scientific discovery: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v. 53, p. 393-410, doi: 10.1006/ijhc.2000.0396. (Pubitemid 30938136)
51. Loudon, T.V., 2000, Geoscience after IT: Part L. Adjusting the emerging information system to new technology: Computers and Geosciences, v. 26, no. 3-1, p. A109-A121.
52. MacGregor, R., 1991, Inside the loom classifier: SIGART Bulletin, v. 3, no. 2, p. 70-76.
53. Mann, C.J., 1993, Uncertainty in Geology, in Davis, J.C., and Herzfeld, U.C., eds., Computers in Geology-25 Years of Progress: New York, Oxford University Press, 298 p.
54. Martin, R.E., 1998, One Long Experiment: New York, Columbia University Press, 262 p.
55. McGuinness, D., and van Harmelen, F., eds., 2003, OWL Web Ontology Language Overview, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/#s1.
56. North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1983, North American Stratigraphic Code: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 67, p. 841-875.
57. North American Geologic Map Data Model Steering Committee (NADM), 2004, NADM Conceptual Model 1.0, A Conceptual Model for Geologic Map Information, http://geology.usgs.gov/dm/steering/teams/design/.
58. Panti, M., Penserini, L., and Spalazzi, L., 2002, A pure P2P approach to information integration, in, Technical Report, 2002-02-19, University of Ancona, Italy, Istituto di Informatica.
59. Peirce, C.S., 1878, Deduction, induction and hypothesis: Popular Science Monthly, v. 13, p. 470-782.
60. Pennanen, M., and Kortman, C., 2002, Semantic web-Towards more intelligent geoscience web applications, in Bayer, U., Burger, H., and Skala, W., eds., 8th Annual Conference of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 15-20 September 2002, Berlin, Germany, v. 2, Terra nostra. Schriften der Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung 04/2002, p. 205-210.
61. Popper, K.R., 1959, The Logic of Scientific Discovery: New York, Basic Books, 479 p.
62. Pshenichny, C.A., 2002, Investigation of geologic reasoning as a new objective of geoscience and geohazard assessment: IAMG Newsletter, no. 65, p. 11.
63. Pshenichny, C.A., Moukhachov, V. P., and Khrabrykh, Z.V., 2003, Logical assessment of observational knowledge in volcanology: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 128, no. 1-3, p. 287-298.
64. Ram, S., Park, J., and Ball, G., 1999, Semantic Model Support for Geographic Information Systems: IEEE Computer, v. 32, no. 5, p. 74-81.
65. Ramachandran, R., Graves, S., Conover, H., and Moe, K., 2004, Earth Science Markup Language (ESML): a solution for scientific data-application interoperability problem, Computers and Geosciences, v. 30, p. 117 124.
66. Raper, J., 1999, Spatial representation: The scientist's perspective, in Longely, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maquire, D.J., and Rhind, D.W., eds., Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Technical Issues: New York, Wiley, p. 61-70.
67. Raper, J., 2000, Multidimensional Geographic Information Science: London, Taylor & Francis, 300 p.
68. Raskin, R.G., and Pan, M.J., 2005, Knowledge representation in the semantic web for Earth and environmental terminology (SWEET): Computers & Geosciences, v. 31, p. 1119-1125.
69. Renolen, A., 2000, Modeling the real world: Conceptual modeling in spatio-temporal information system design: Transactions in GIS, v. 4, no. 1, p. 23-42, doi: 10.1111/1467-9671.00036.
70. Reynolds, R.E., Sinatra, G.M., and Jetton, T.L., 1996, Views of knowledge acquisition and representation: A continuum from experience centered to mind centered: Educational Pschologist, v. 31, no. 2, p. 93-104.
71. Schumm, S.A., 1991, To Interpret the Earth: Ten Ways to be Wrong: New York, Cambridge University Press, 133 p.
72. Sheth, A., and Larson, J., 1990, Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases: ACM Computing Surveys, v. 22, no. 3, p. 183-236, doi: 10.1145/96602.96604.
73. Sheth, A.P., 1999, Changing focus on interoperability in information systems: From system, syntax, structure to semantics, in Goodchild, M., Egenhofer, M., Fegeas, R, and Kottman, C., eds., Interoperating Geographic Information Systems: Dordrecht, Kluwer, p. 5-29.
74. Shrager, J., and Langley, P., eds., 1990, Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and Theory Formation: San Mateo, California, Morgan Kaufman, 498 p.
75. Smith, B., 1998a, Basic Concepts of Formal Ontology, in Guarino, N., ed., Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Amsterdam, IOS Press, p. 19-28.
76. Smith, B., 1998b, An introduction to Ontology, in Peuquet, D., Smith, B., and Brogaard, B., eds., The Ontology of Fields: Santa Barbara, California, National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, p. 10-14.
77. Smith, E.E., and Medin, D.L., 1981, Categories and Concepts: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 203 p.
78. Soller, D.R., Brodaric, B., Hastings, J.T., Wahl, R., and Weisenfluh, G.A., 2002, The central Kentucky prototype: An object-oriented geologic map data model for the National Geologic Map Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-202, version 1.0, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-202/.
79. Solomon, K.O., Medin, D.L., and Lynch, E., 1999, Concepts do more than categorize: Trends in Cognitive Sciences, v. 3, no. 3, p. 99-104, doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01288-7. (Pubitemid 29119315)
80. Sowa, J.F., 2000, Knowledge Representation: Logical, Philosophical, and Computational Foundations: New York, Brooks/Cole, 594 p.
81. Struik, L.C., Quat, M.B., Davenport, P.H., and Okulitch, A.V., 2002, A preliminary scheme for multihierarchical rock classification for use with thematic computer-based query systems: Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 2002-D10, 9 p.
82. Talwar, S., Journeay, M., Harrap, R., Brodaric, B., van Ulden, J., Grant, R., and Denny, S., 2003, The Georgia Basin Digital Library Project: A framework for a place-based exploration of sustainability issues: Geomatica, v. 57, no. 2, p. 155-164.
83. Thagard, P., 1988, Computational philosophy of science: Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 240 p.
84. Thagard, P., and Nowak, G., 1990, The Structure of the Geological Revolution, in Shrager, J., and Langley, P., eds., Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and Theory Formation: Palo Alto, California, Morgan Kaufmann, p. 27-71.
85. Ullman, J.D., 1997, Information integration using logical views: Proceedings of the International Conference on Database Theory, v. 19-40, p. 1997.
86. Voisard, A., 1999, Abduction and deduction in geologic hypermaps, in Guting, R.H., Papadias, D., and Lochovsky, F., eds., Advances in spatial databases: 6th International Symposium, SSD'99, Hong Kong, China, July 20-23, 1999, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, no. 1651: Berlin, Springer, p. 311-329.
87. Wache, H., Vögele, T., Visser, U., Stuckenschmidt, H., Schuster, G., Neumann, H., and Hubner, S., 2001, Ontology-Based Integration of Information: A Survey of Existing Approaches, in Stuckenschmidt, H., ed., IJCAI-01 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 4-5, 2001: Ontologies and Information Sharing, p. 108-117.
88. Wiederhold, G., 1996, Intelligent Integration of Information: Boston, Massachusetts, Kluwer, July 1996, 216 p.
89. Wittgenstein, L., 1953, Philosophical Investigations: Oxford, Blackwell, 232 p.
90. Zimmerman, C., 2000, The development of scientific reasoning skills: Developmental Review, v. 20, p. 99-149, doi: 10.1006/drev.1999.0497.