메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 203-210

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A critical appraisal of the evolution of feminizing genitoplasty and the controversies surrounding gender reassignment

Author keywords

Ambiguous genitalia; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Feminizing genitoplasty; Gender reassignment; Urogenital sinus

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; CORTICOTROPIN; FLUDROCORTISONE; HYDROCORTISONE; STEROID; STEROID 21 MONOOXYGENASE;

EID: 73949107907     PISSN: 09397248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1233490     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (60)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0028154269 scopus 로고
    • Genetics, diagnosis, and management of 21-hydroxilase deficiency
    • Miller WL. Genetics, diagnosis, and management of 21-hydroxilase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 241-246
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 241-246
    • WL, M.1
  • 2
    • 0042466547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Speiser PW, White PC. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 776-788
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 776-788
    • Speiser, P.W.1    White, P.C.2
  • 3
    • 20444462824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Merke DP, Bornstein SR. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Lancet 2005; 365: 2125-2136
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 2125-2136
    • Merke, D.P.1    Bornstein, S.R.2
  • 4
    • 0034454269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxilase deficiency
    • White PC, Speiser PW. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxilase deficiency. Endocr Rev 2000; 21: 245-291
    • (2000) Endocr Rev , vol.21 , pp. 245-291
    • White, P.C.1    Speiser, P.W.2
  • 6
    • 85047686218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 532 pregnancies
    • New MI, Carlson A, Obeid J et al. Prenatal diagnosis for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 532 pregnancies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5651-5657
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 5651-5657
    • New, M.I.1    Carlson, A.2    Obeid, J.3
  • 7
    • 78651037802 scopus 로고
    • Der Genitalbefund beim Pseudohermphroditismus feminus des kongenitalen adrenogenitalen Syndroms: Morphologie, Häufigkeit, Entwicklung und Vererbung der verscheidenen Genitalformen.
    • Prader A. Der Genitalbefund beim Pseudohermphroditismus feminus des kongenitalen adrenogenitalen Syndroms: Morphologie, Häufigkeit, Entwicklung und Vererbung der verscheidenen Genitalformen. Helv Pediatr Acta 1954; 9: 231-248
    • (1954) Helv Pediatr Acta , vol.9 , pp. 231-248
    • Prader, A.1
  • 8
    • 0035039527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Schnitzer JJ. Surgical treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2001; 30: 121-135
    • (2001) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.30 , pp. 121-135
    • JJ, S.1
  • 9
    • 0036726640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement on 21 -hydroxilase deficiency from the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology
    • Clayton PE, Miller WL, Oberfield SE et al. Consensus statement on 21 -hydroxilase deficiency from the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. J Clin Endrinol Metab 2002; 87: 408-453
    • (2002) J Clin Endrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 408-453
    • Clayton, P.E.1    Miller, W.L.2    Oberfield, S.E.3
  • 10
    • 0031608987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing genitoplasty: State of art
    • Rink RC, Adams MC. Feminizing genitoplasty: state of art. World J Urol 1998; 16: 212-218
    • (1998) World J Urol , vol.16 , pp. 212-218
    • Rink, R.C.1    Adams, M.C.2
  • 11
    • 41149171338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tratamento da hiperplasia supra-renal congênita por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase.
    • Bachega TASS, Madureira G, Brenlha EML et al. Tratamento da hiperplasia supra-renal congênita por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2001 ; 45: 64-72
    • (2001) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab , vol.45 , pp. 64-72
    • Bachega, T.A.S.S.1    Madureira, G.2    Brenlha, E.M.L.3
  • 12
    • 0031253158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of intersexuality: Guidelines for dealing with persons with ambiguous genitalia
    • Diamond M, Sigmundson HK. Management of intersexuality: guidelines for dealing with persons with ambiguous genitalia. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151: 1046-1050
    • (1997) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.151 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Diamond, M.1    Sigmundson, H.K.2
  • 13
    • 80053320575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing genital surgery: What should be done and when?
    • Creighton SM. Feminizing genital surgery: what should be done and when? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2005; 18: 63-69
    • (2005) J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol , vol.18 , pp. 63-69
    • SM, C.1
  • 14
    • 0019195202 scopus 로고
    • Correction of congenital abnormalities of the vagina and perineum
    • Hendren WH, Donahoe PK. Correction of congenital abnormalities of the vagina and perineum. J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15: 751-763
    • (1980) J Pediatr Surg , vol.15 , pp. 751-763
    • Hendren, W.H.1    Donahoe, P.K.2
  • 16
    • 0027983028 scopus 로고
    • Early one-stage surgical reconstruction of the extremely high vagina in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Donahoe PK, Gustafson ML. Early one-stage surgical reconstruction of the extremely high vagina in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr Surg 1994; 29: 352-358
    • (1994) J Pediatr Surg , vol.29 , pp. 352-358
    • Donahoe, P.K.1    Gustafson, M.L.2
  • 17
    • 75649107740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young, 1937, Young H. Genital Abnormalities, Hermaphroditism and Related Adrenal Diseases. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1937
    • Young, 1937, Young H. Genital Abnormalities, Hermaphroditism and Related Adrenal Diseases. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1937
  • 18
    • 78651033358 scopus 로고
    • Hermaphroditic genital appearance, rearing and eroticism in hyperadrenocorticism
    • Hampson JG. Hermaphroditic genital appearance, rearing and eroticism in hyperadrenocorticism. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1955; 96: 265-273
    • (1955) Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp , vol.96 , pp. 265-273
    • JG, H.1
  • 19
    • 0013877688 scopus 로고
    • Clitorectomy for sexual abnormalities: Indications and technique
    • Gross RE, Randolph J, Crigler Jr JF. Clitorectomy for sexual abnormalities: indications and technique. Surgery 1966; 59: 300-308
    • (1966) Surgery , vol.59 , pp. 300-308
    • Gross, R.E.1    Randolph, J.2    Crigler Jr, J.F.3
  • 20
    • 33745926517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical and functional outcomes of feminizing genitoplasty for ambiguous genitalia in patients with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Sircilli MHP, Mendonça BB, Denes FT et al. Anatomical and functional outcomes of feminizing genitoplasty for ambiguous genitalia in patients with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Clinics 2006; 61: 209-214
    • (2006) Clinics , vol.61 , pp. 209-214
    • Sircilli, M.H.P.1    Mendonça, B.B.2    Denes, F.T.3
  • 21
    • 0037433669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of clitoral surgery on sexual outcome in individuals who have intersex conditions with ambiguous genitalia: A cross-sectional study
    • Minto CL, Liao LM, Woodhouse CRJ et al. The effect of clitoral surgery on sexual outcome in individuals who have intersex conditions with ambiguous genitalia: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2003; 361: 1252-1257
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1252-1257
    • Minto, C.L.1    Liao, L.M.2    Woodhouse, C.R.J.3
  • 22
    • 0001176093 scopus 로고
    • Relocation and recession of the enlarged clitoris with preservation of the glans: An alternative to amputation
    • Lattimer JK. Relocation and recession of the enlarged clitoris with preservation of the glans: an alternative to amputation. J Urol 1961; 86: 113-116
    • (1961) J Urol , vol.86 , pp. 113-116
    • JK, L.1
  • 23
    • 0026684618 scopus 로고
    • The surgical management of infants and children with ambiguous genitalia
    • Newman K, Randolph J, Anderson K. The surgical management of infants and children with ambiguous genitalia. Ann Surg 1992; 215: 645-653
    • (1992) Ann Surg , vol.215 , pp. 645-653
    • Newman, K.1    Randolph, J.2    Anderson, K.3
  • 24
    • 51649212282 scopus 로고
    • Plastische Korrektur der äußeren Genitale bei einem männlichen Scheinzwitter.
    • Schmid M. Plastische Korrektur der äußeren Genitale bei einem männlichen Scheinzwitter. Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir 1961; 298: 977
    • (1961) Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir , vol.298 , pp. 977
    • Schmid, M.1
  • 25
    • 0017694719 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous reduction clitoroplasty
    • Shaw A. Subcutaneous reduction clitoroplasty. J Pediatr Surg 1977; 12: 331-338
    • (1977) J Pediatr Surg , vol.12 , pp. 331-338
    • Shaw, A.1
  • 26
    • 0018962461 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the female external genitalia
    • Barrett TM, Gonzales Jr ET. Reconstruction of the female external genitalia. Urol Clin North Am 1980; 7: 455-463
    • (1980) Urol Clin North Am , vol.7 , pp. 455-463
    • Barrett, T.M.1    Gonzales Jr, E.T.2
  • 27
    • 0019435749 scopus 로고
    • Reduction clitoroplasty
    • Glassberg KI, Laungani G. Reduction clitoroplasty. Urology 1981; 17: 604-605
    • (1981) Urology , vol.17 , pp. 604-605
    • Glassberg, K.I.1    Laungani, G.2
  • 29
    • 0019991636 scopus 로고
    • Reduction clitoroplasty via ventral approach
    • Rajfer J, Ehrlich RM, Goodwin WE. Reduction clitoroplasty via ventral approach. J Urol 1982; 128: 341-343
    • (1982) J Urol , vol.128 , pp. 341-343
    • Rajfer, J.1    Ehrlich, R.M.2    Goodwin, W.E.3
  • 30
    • 0020601601 scopus 로고
    • Subtunical total reduction clitoroplasty: A safe modification of existing techniques
    • Kogan SJ, Smey P, Levitt SB. Subtunical total reduction clitoroplasty: a safe modification of existing techniques. J Urol 1983; 130: 746-748
    • (1983) J Urol , vol.130 , pp. 746-748
    • Kogan, S.J.1    Smey, P.2    Levitt, S.B.3
  • 31
    • 0028796438 scopus 로고
    • Measurment of pudendal evoked potentials during feminizing genitoplasty: Technique and applications
    • Gearhart JP, Burnett A, Owen JH. Measurment of pudendal evoked potentials during feminizing genitoplasty: technique and applications. J Urol 1995; 153: 486-487
    • (1995) J Urol , vol.153 , pp. 486-487
    • Gearhart, J.P.1    Burnett, A.2    Owen, J.H.3
  • 32
    • 0032829668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical studies of the human clitoris
    • Baskin LS, Erol A, Li YW et al. Anatomical studies of the human clitoris. J Urol 1999; 162: 1015-1020
    • (1999) J Urol , vol.162 , pp. 1015-1020
    • Baskin, L.S.1    Erol, A.2    Li, Y.W.3
  • 33
    • 34548461184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve sparing ventral clitoroplasty: Analysis of clitoral sensivity and viability
    • Yang J, Felsen D, Poppas DP. Nerve sparing ventral clitoroplasty: analysis of clitoral sensivity and viability. J Urol 2007; 178: 1598-1601
    • (2007) J Urol , vol.178 , pp. 1598-1601
    • Yang, J.1    Felsen, D.2    Poppas, D.P.3
  • 34
    • 34548410897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve sparing ventral clitoroplasty preserves dorsal nerves in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Poppas DP, Hochsztein AA, Baergen RN et al. Nerve sparing ventral clitoroplasty preserves dorsal nerves in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Urol 2007; 178: 1802-1806
    • (2007) J Urol , vol.178 , pp. 1802-1806
    • Poppas, D.P.1    Hochsztein, A.A.2    Baergen, R.N.3
  • 35
    • 33750348635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of feminizing genitoplasty using partial urogenital sinus mobilization for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Tatsuo ES et al. Prospective evaluation of feminizing genitoplasty using partial urogenital sinus mobilization for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Urol 2006; 176: 2199-2204
    • (2006) J Urol , vol.176 , pp. 2199-2204
    • Braga, L.H.1    Lorenzo, A.J.2    Tatsuo, E.S.3
  • 36
    • 34548462558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporeal sparing dismembered clitoroplasty: An alternative technique for feminizing genito-plasty
    • Pippi Salle JL, Braga LH, Macedo N et al. Corporeal sparing dismembered clitoroplasty: an alternative technique for feminizing genito-plasty. J Urol 2007; 178: 1796-1801
    • (2007) J Urol , vol.178 , pp. 1796-1801
    • Pippi Salle, J.L.1    Braga, L.H.2    Macedo, N.3
  • 37
    • 0035022090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-stage feminizing genitoplasty: 8 years of experience with 49 cases
    • Farkas A, Chertin B, Hadas-Halpren I. 1-stage feminizing genitoplasty: 8 years of experience with 49 cases. J Urol 2001; 165: 2341-2346
    • (2001) J Urol , vol.165 , pp. 2341-2346
    • Farkas, A.1    Chertin, B.2    Hadas-Halpren, I.3
  • 38
    • 0034955916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing genitoplasty in patients with 46XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Farkas A, Chertin B. Feminizing genitoplasty in patients with 46XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14: 713-722
    • (2001) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , pp. 713-722
    • Farkas, A.1    Chertin, B.2
  • 39
    • 0007097511 scopus 로고
    • The gynecological aspects of adrenal hyperplasia and allied disorders
    • Jones HW, Jones GES. The gynecological aspects of adrenal hyperplasia and allied disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1954; 68: 1330-1365
    • (1954) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.68 , pp. 1330-1365
    • Jones, H.W.1    Jones, G.E.S.2
  • 40
    • 0001556365 scopus 로고
    • Vaginoplasty technique for female pseudohermaphrodites
    • Fortunoff S, Lattimer JK, Edson M. Vaginoplasty technique for female pseudohermaphrodites. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1964; 118: 545-548
    • (1964) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.118 , pp. 545-548
    • Fortunoff, S.1    Lattimer, J.K.2    Edson, M.3
  • 41
    • 0037329492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A posterior-based omega-shaped flap vaginoplasty in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency
    • Freitas-Filho L, Carnevale J, Melo CE et al. A posterior-based omega-shaped flap vaginoplasty in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. BJU Int 2003; 91: 263-264
    • (2003) BJU Int , vol.91 , pp. 263-264
    • Freitas-Filho, L.1    Carnevale, J.2    Melo, C.E.3
  • 42
    • 0014466401 scopus 로고
    • Adrenogenital syndrome: The anatomy of the anomaly and its repair
    • Hendren WH, Crawford JD. Adrenogenital syndrome: the anatomy of the anomaly and its repair. J Pediatr Surg 1969; 4: 49-58
    • (1969) J Pediatr Surg , vol.4 , pp. 49-58
    • Hendren, W.H.1    Crawford, J.D.2
  • 43
    • 0024342227 scopus 로고
    • A new 1-stage procedure for clitorovaginoplasty in severely masculinized female pseudohermaphrodites
    • Passerini-Glazel G. A new 1-stage procedure for clitorovaginoplasty in severely masculinized female pseudohermaphrodites. J Urol 1989; 142: 565-568
    • (1989) J Urol , vol.142 , pp. 565-568
    • Passerini-Glazel, G.1
  • 44
    • 0029051515 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal management of female intersex by clitorovaginoplasty
    • De Jong TPVM, Boemers TML. Neonatal management of female intersex by clitorovaginoplasty. J Urol 1995; 154: 830-832
    • (1995) J Urol , vol.154 , pp. 830-832
    • De Jong, T.P.V.M.1    Boemers, T.M.L.2
  • 45
    • 0025275235 scopus 로고
    • Single-stage feminization genitoplasty
    • Gonzalez R, Fernandes ET. Single-stage feminization genitoplasty. J Urol 1990; 143:776-778
    • (1990) J Urol , vol.143 , pp. 776-778
    • Gonzalez, R.1    Fernandes, E.T.2
  • 46
    • 0028897115 scopus 로고
    • A proposed classification of vaginal anomalies and their surgical correction
    • Powell DM, Newman KD, Randolph J. A proposed classification of vaginal anomalies and their surgical correction. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30:271-276
    • (1995) J Pediatr Surg , vol.30 , pp. 271-276
    • Powell, D.M.1    Newman, K.D.2    Randolph, J.3
  • 47
    • 0031057005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total urogenital mobilization - an easier way to repair cloacas
    • Peña A. Total urogenital mobilization - an easier way to repair cloacas. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32: 263-268
    • (1997) J Pediatr Surg , vol.32 , pp. 263-268
    • Peña, A.1
  • 48
    • 0030855210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the high urogenital sinus: Early perineal prone approach without division of the rectum
    • Rink RC, Pope JC, Kropp BP et al. Reconstruction of the high urogenital sinus: early perineal prone approach without division of the rectum. J Urol 1997; 158: 1293-1297
    • (1997) J Urol , vol.158 , pp. 1293-1297
    • Rink, R.C.1    Pope, J.C.2    Kropp, B.P.3
  • 49
    • 0031060550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anterior sagittal transanorectal approach: A modified approach to 1-stage clitoral vaginoplasty in severely masculinized female pseudohermaphrodites-preliminary results
    • Di Benedetto V, Gioviale M, Bagnara V et al. The anterior sagittal transanorectal approach: a modified approach to 1-stage clitoral vaginoplasty in severely masculinized female pseudohermaphrodites-preliminary results. J Urol 1997; 157: 330-332
    • (1997) J Urol , vol.157 , pp. 330-332
    • Di Benedetto, V.1    Gioviale, M.2    Bagnara, V.3
  • 50
    • 0030903091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anterior sagittal transanorectal approach to the urogenital sinus in adrenogenital syndrome: Preliminary report
    • Domini R, Rossi F, Ceccarelli PL et al. Anterior sagittal transanorectal approach to the urogenital sinus in adrenogenital syndrome: preliminary report. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32: 714-716
    • (1997) J Pediatr Surg , vol.32 , pp. 714-716
    • Domini, R.1    Rossi, F.2    Ceccarelli, P.L.3
  • 51
    • 14644443654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new classification for genital ambiguity and urogenital sinus anomalies
    • Rink RC, Adams MC, Missed R. A new classification for genital ambiguity and urogenital sinus anomalies. BJU Int 2005; 95: 638-642
    • (2005) BJU Int , vol.95 , pp. 638-642
    • Rink, R.C.1    Adams, M.C.2    Missed, R.3
  • 52
    • 0032903363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total urogenital sinus mobilization: Expanded applications
    • Ludwikowski B, Hayward IO, Gonzalez R. Total urogenital sinus mobilization: expanded applications. BJU Int 1999; 83: 820-822
    • (1999) BJU Int , vol.83 , pp. 820-822
    • Ludwikowski, B.1    Hayward, I.O.2    Gonzalez, R.3
  • 53
    • 0035005026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total urogenital sinus mobilization: A modified perineal approach for feminizing genitoplasty and urogenital sinus repair
    • Jenak R, Ludwikowski B, Gonzalez R. Total urogenital sinus mobilization: a modified perineal approach for feminizing genitoplasty and urogenital sinus repair. J Urol 2001; 165: 2347-2349
    • (2001) J Urol , vol.165 , pp. 2347-2349
    • Jenak, R.1    Ludwikowski, B.2    Gonzalez, R.3
  • 54
    • 0036135362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Preliminary observations of the urethra in 9 cases
    • Ganesan A, Smith GHH, Broome K et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: preliminary observations of the urethra in 9 cases. J Urol 2002; 167: 275-279
    • (2002) J Urol , vol.167 , pp. 275-279
    • Ganesan, A.1    Smith, G.H.H.2    Broome, K.3
  • 55
    • 33747598023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total urogenital sinus mobilization in the repair of ambiguous genitalia in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Braga LH, Silva IN, Tatsuo ES. Total urogenital sinus mobilization in the repair of ambiguous genitalia in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2005; 49: 908-915
    • (2005) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol , vol.49 , pp. 908-915
    • Braga, L.H.1    Silva, I.N.2    Tatsuo, E.S.3
  • 56
    • 33750344217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the mobilized sinus with total urogenital mobilization
    • Rink RC, Metcalfe PD, Cain MP et al. Use of the mobilized sinus with total urogenital mobilization. J Urol 2006; 176: 2205-2211
    • (2006) J Urol , vol.176 , pp. 2205-2211
    • Rink, R.C.1    Metcalfe, P.D.2    Cain, M.P.3
  • 58
    • 33750314705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial urogenital mobilization: The advantages without the risks
    • Rink RC, Metcalfe P, Cain M et al. Partial urogenital mobilization: the advantages without the risks. J Pediatr Urol 2005; 1: 232-233
    • (2005) J Pediatr Urol , vol.1 , pp. 232-233
    • Rink, R.C.1    Metcalfe, P.2    Cain, M.3
  • 59
    • 33746365830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial urogenital mobilization: A limited proximal dissection
    • Rink RC, Metcalfe PD, Kaefer MA et al. Partial urogenital mobilization: a limited proximal dissection. J Pediatr Urol 2006; 2: 351-356
    • (2006) J Pediatr Urol , vol.2 , pp. 351-356
    • Rink, R.C.1    Metcalfe, P.D.2    Kaefer, M.A.3
  • 60
    • 60749137656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing genital reconstruction in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Leslie JA, Cain MP, Rink RC. Feminizing genital reconstruction in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Indian J Urol 2009; 25: 17-26
    • (2009) Indian J Urol , vol.25 , pp. 17-26
    • Leslie, J.A.1    Cain, M.P.2    Rink, R.C.3
  • 61
    • 0035859468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective cosmetic and anatomical outcomes at adolescence of feminizing surgery for ambiguous genitalia done in childhood [letter]
    • Creighton SM, Minto CL, Steele SJ. Objective cosmetic and anatomical outcomes at adolescence of feminizing surgery for ambiguous genitalia done in childhood [letter]. Lancet 2001; 358: 124-125
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 124-125
    • Creighton, S.M.1    Minto, C.L.2    Steele, S.J.3
  • 62
    • 0034754096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total urogenital sinus mobilization in the repair of cloacal anomalies and congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Hanza AF, Soliman HA, Abdel Hay SA et al. Total urogenital sinus mobilization in the repair of cloacal anomalies and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr Surg 2001; 36: 1656-1658
    • (2001) J Pediatr Surg , vol.36 , pp. 1656-1658
    • Hanza, A.F.1    Soliman, H.A.2    Abdel Hay, S.A.3
  • 63
    • 27744516936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts in feminizing genitoplasty - is the Fortunoff flap obsolete?
    • Gonzalez R, Castellan M, Ibrahim E et al. New concepts in feminizing genitoplasty - is the Fortunoff flap obsolete? J Urol 2005; 174: 2350-2353
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.174 , pp. 2350-2353
    • Gonzalez, R.1    Castellan, M.2    Ibrahim, E.3
  • 64
    • 33845345204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing genitoplasty: One-stage genital reconstruction in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 30 years' experience
    • Roll MF, Kneppo C, Roth H et al. Feminizing genitoplasty: one-stage genital reconstruction in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 30 years' experience. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2006; 16: 329-333
    • (2006) Eur J Pediatr Surg , vol.16 , pp. 329-333
    • Roll, M.F.1    Kneppo, C.2    Roth, H.3
  • 65
    • 53549124395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified approach for feminizing genitoplasty
    • Savanelli A, Alicchio F, Esposito C et al. A modified approach for feminizing genitoplasty. World J Urol 2008; 26: 517-520
    • (2008) World J Urol , vol.26 , pp. 517-520
    • Savanelli, A.1    Alicchio, F.2    Esposito, C.3
  • 66
    • 75649098112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intervention of CAH surgical management
    • Farhat WA. Early intervention of CAH surgical management. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2005; 18: 66-69
    • (2005) J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol , vol.18 , pp. 66-69
    • WA, F.1
  • 67
    • 0033124649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing genitoplasty (editorial]
    • Passerini-Glazel G. Feminizing genitoplasty (editorial]. J Urol 1999; 1592-1593
    • (1999) J Urol , pp. 1592-1593
    • Passerini-Glazel, G.1
  • 68
    • 0002571092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • editorial comment]
    • Gearhart JP. [editorial comment]. BJU Int 2000; 86: 258-259
    • (2000) BJU Int , vol.86 , pp. 258-259
    • JP, G.1
  • 69
    • 0033944920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the newborn with developmental anomalies of the external genitalia
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Genetics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Genetics. Evaluation of the newborn with developmental anomalies of the external genitalia. Pediatrics 2000; 106: 138-142
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.106 , pp. 138-142
  • 70
    • 85011498423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding the consensus statement on 21-hydroxilase deficiency from the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology [letter]
    • Miller Wl, Oberfield SE, Speiser PW et al. Regarding the consensus statement on 21-hydroxilase deficiency from the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology [letter]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 3456
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 3456
    • Miller, W.1    Oberfield, S.E.2    Speiser, P.W.3
  • 71
    • 0742305393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical management of the intersex patient: An overview in 2003 [lecture]
    • Nihoul-Fèkété C. Surgical management of the intersex patient: an overview in 2003 [lecture]. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39: 144-145
    • (2004) J Pediatr Surg , vol.39 , pp. 144-145
    • Nihoul-Fèkété, C.1
  • 72
    • 0032883610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: What happens at puberty?
    • Alizai NK, Thomas DFM, Lilford RJ et al. Feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: what happens at puberty? J Urol 1999; 161: 1588-1591
    • (1999) J Urol , vol.161 , pp. 1588-1591
    • Alizai, N.K.1    Thomas, D.F.M.2    Lilford, R.J.3
  • 73
    • 0033867074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 21-hydroxilase deficiency, with special emphasis on the results of vaginoplasty
    • Krege S, Walz KH, Hauffa BP et al. Long-term follow-up of female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 21-hydroxilase deficiency, with special emphasis on the results of vaginoplasty. BJU Int 2000; 86: 253-259
    • (2000) BJU Int , vol.86 , pp. 253-259
    • Krege, S.1    Walz, K.H.2    Hauffa, B.P.3
  • 74
    • 34147172439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired sexual and reproductive outcomes in women with classical forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Gastaud F, Bouvattier C, Duranteau L et al. Impaired sexual and reproductive outcomes in women with classical forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 1391-1396
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1391-1396
    • Gastaud, F.1    Bouvattier, C.2    Duranteau, L.3
  • 75
    • 34248178640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambiguous genitalia: An overview of 17 years' experience
    • Cölluß G, Yildiz RV, Bingol-Kologlu M et al. Ambiguous genitalia: an overview of 17 years' experience. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42: 840-844
    • (2007) J Pediatr Surg , vol.42 , pp. 840-844
    • Cölluß, G.1    Yildiz, R.V.2    Bingol-Kologlu, M.3
  • 76
    • 0033113966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender assignment and the pediatric urologist [editorial]
    • Glassberg Kl. Gender assignment and the pediatric urologist [editorial]. J Urol 161: 1308-1310
    • J Urol , vol.161 , pp. 1308-1310
    • Glassberg, K.1
  • 77
    • 4544277276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminizing surgical management of intersex patients
    • Eroglu E, Tekant G, Gündogdu G et al. Feminizing surgical management of intersex patients. Pediatr Sug Int 2004; 20: 543-547
    • (2004) Pediatr Sug Int , vol.20 , pp. 543-547
    • Eroglu, E.1    Tekant, G.2    Gündogdu, G.3
  • 78
    • 0042261643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical management of ambiguous genitalia
    • Rangecroft L. Surgical management of ambiguous genitalia. Arch Dis Child 2003; 88: 799-801
    • (2003) Arch Dis Child , vol.88 , pp. 799-801
    • Rangecroft, L.1
  • 79
    • 1642296556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing attitudes to sex assignment in intersex
    • Creighfon SM, Liao LM. Changing attitudes to sex assignment in intersex. BJU Int 2004; 93: 659-664
    • (2004) BJU Int , vol.93 , pp. 659-664
    • Creighfon, S.M.1    Liao, L.M.2
  • 80
    • 33746173769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary tract infections in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Nabhan ZM, Rink RC, Eugster EA. Urinary tract infections in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006; 19: 815-820
    • (2006) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.19 , pp. 815-820
    • Nabhan, Z.M.1    Rink, R.C.2    Eugster, E.A.3
  • 81
    • 8644260114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • González. Urinary continence is well preserved after total urogenital mobilzation
    • Kryger JV, González. Urinary continence is well preserved after total urogenital mobilzation. J Urol 2004; 172: 2384-2386
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.172 , pp. 2384-2386
    • Kryger, J.V.1
  • 83
    • 20444382082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and lower tract symptoms
    • Davies MC, Crouch NS, Woodhouse CRJ et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and lower tract symptoms. BJU Int 2005; 95: 1263-1266
    • (2005) BJU Int , vol.95 , pp. 1263-1266
    • Davies, M.C.1    Crouch, N.S.2    Woodhouse, C.R.J.3
  • 84
    • 0033770632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of male sex hormones on urodynamics in childhood: Intersex patients are a natural model
    • Celayir S, Iliçe Z, Danismend N. Effects of male sex hormones on urodynamics in childhood: intersex patients are a natural model. Pediatr Surg Int 2000; 16: 502-504
    • (2000) Pediatr Surg Int , vol.16 , pp. 502-504
    • Celayir, S.1    Iliçe, Z.2    Danismend, N.3
  • 85
    • 38149133711 scopus 로고
    • Hermaphroditism: Recommendations concerning assignment of sex, change of sex, and psychologic management
    • Money J, Hampson JG, Hampson JL Hermaphroditism: recommendations concerning assignment of sex, change of sex, and psychologic management. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1955; 97: 284-300
    • (1955) Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp , vol.97 , pp. 284-300
    • Money, J.1    Hampson, J.G.2    Hampson, J.L.3
  • 86
    • 0036126990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersexuality and gender differentiation
    • Zucker KJ. Intersexuality and gender differentiation. J Pediatr Adolec Gynecol 2002; 15: 3-13
    • (2002) J Pediatr Adolec Gynecol , vol.15 , pp. 3-13
    • KJ, Z.1
  • 87
    • 0031253061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex assignment in the neonate with intersex or inadequate genitalia
    • Reiner WG. Sex assignment in the neonate with intersex or inadequate genitalia. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151: 1044-1045
    • (1997) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.151 , pp. 1044-1045
    • WG, R.1
  • 88
    • 2342616116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersex surgery in the adult
    • Woodhouse CRJ. Intersex surgery in the adult. BJU Int 2004; 93 (Suppl 3): 57-65
    • (2004) BJU Int , vol.93 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 57-65
    • Woodhouse, C.R.J.1
  • 89
    • 0037622720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding the consensus statement on 21-hydroxilase deficiency from the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology [letter]
    • Creighton SM, Ransley P, Duffy P et al. Regarding the consensus statement on 21-hydroxilase deficiency from the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology [letter]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 3455
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 3455
    • Creighton, S.M.1    Ransley, P.2    Duffy, P.3
  • 90
    • 2342643405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of feminization surgery: The London experience
    • Creighton SM. Long-term outcome of feminization surgery: the London experience. BJU Int 2004; 93 (Suppl 3): 44-46
    • (2004) BJU Int , vol.93 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 44-46
    • SM, C.1
  • 91
    • 0344445534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long term outcome of feminizing genital surgery for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Anatomical, functional and cosmetic outcomes, psycho-sexual development, and satisfaction in adult female patients
    • Stikkelbroeck NMML, Beerendonk CCM, Willemsen WNP et al. The long term outcome of feminizing genital surgery for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: anatomical, functional and cosmetic outcomes, psycho-sexual development, and satisfaction in adult female patients. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2003; 16: 289-296
    • (2003) J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol , vol.16 , pp. 289-296
    • Stikkelbroeck, N.M.M.L.1    Beerendonk, C.C.M.2    Willemsen, W.N.P.3
  • 92
    • 33750338715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Long-term evaluation of feminizing genitoplasty and psychosocial aspects
    • Gupta DK, Shilpa S, Amini AC et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: long-term evaluation of feminizing genitoplasty and psychosocial aspects. Pediatr Surg Int 2006; 22: 905-909
    • (2006) Pediatr Surg Int , vol.22 , pp. 905-909
    • Gupta, D.K.1    Shilpa, S.2    Amini, A.C.3
  • 93
    • 0030423478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosexual development of women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Zucker KJ, Bradley SJ, Oliver G et al. Psychosexual development of women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm Behav 1996; 30: 300-318
    • (1996) Horm Behav , vol.30 , pp. 300-318
    • Zucker, K.J.1    Bradley, S.J.2    Oliver, G.3
  • 94
    • 0030423655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender change from female to male in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Gruen RS, New Ml et al. Gender change from female to male in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm Behav 1996; 30: 319-332
    • (1996) Horm Behav , vol.30 , pp. 319-332
    • Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F.L.1    Gruen, R.S.2    New, M.3
  • 95
    • 0037341613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on gender identity of prenatal androgens and genital appearance: Evidence from girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Berenbaum SA, Bailey M. Effects on gender identity of prenatal androgens and genital appearance: evidence from girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 1102-1106
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 1102-1106
    • Berenbaum, S.A.1    Bailey, M.2
  • 96
    • 3042792533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological adjustment in children and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Berenbaum AS, Bryk KK, Duck SC. Psychological adjustment in children and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr 2004; 144: 741-746
    • (2004) J Pediatr , vol.144 , pp. 741-746
    • Berenbaum, A.S.1    Bryk, K.K.2    Duck, S.C.3
  • 97
    • 33644784511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consortium on the management of disorders of sex development, Intersex Society of North America, cited 15 Dec 2007, Available from: 2006
    • Consortium on the management of disorders of sex development. Clinical guidelines for the management of disorders of sex development in childhood. Rohnert Park: Intersex Society of North America, [cited 15 Dec 2007]. Available from: www.dsdguidelines.org/htdocs/clinical/index.html 2006
    • Clinical guidelines for the management of disorders of sex development in childhood. Rohnert Park
  • 98
    • 4344592903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender assignment in female congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A difficult experience
    • Özbey H, Darendeliler F, Kayserili H et al. Gender assignment in female congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a difficult experience. BJU Int 2004; 94: 388-391
    • (2004) BJU Int , vol.94 , pp. 388-391
    • Özbey, H.1    Darendeliler, F.2    Kayserili, H.3
  • 99
    • 0035040039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and sexuality in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Meyer-Bahlburg HFL Gender and sexuality in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2001; 30: 155-171
    • (2001) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.30 , pp. 155-171
    • Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F.L.1
  • 100
    • 2442551034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosexual outcome in women affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxilase deficiency
    • Wisniewski AB, Migeon CJ, Malouf MA et al. Psychosexual outcome in women affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxilase deficiency. J Urol 2004; 171: 2497-2501
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.171 , pp. 2497-2501
    • Wisniewski, A.B.1    Migeon, C.J.2    Malouf, M.A.3
  • 101
    • 0035670088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethics and the management of the patient with intersex: A middle way
    • Daaboul J, Frader J. Ethics and the management of the patient with intersex: a middle way. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14: 1575-1583
    • (2001) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , pp. 1575-1583
    • Daaboul, J.1    Frader, J.2
  • 102
    • 0036908929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genital surgery among females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Changes over the past five decades
    • Lee PA, Witchel SF. Genital surgery among females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: changes over the past five decades. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2002; 15: 1473-1477
    • (2002) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.15 , pp. 1473-1477
    • Lee, P.A.1    Witchel, S.F.2
  • 103
    • 28844466921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersex conditions in children and adolescents: Surgical, ethical, and legal considerations
    • Maharaj NR, Dhai A, Wiersma R et al. Intersex conditions in children and adolescents: surgical, ethical, and legal considerations. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2005; 18: 399-402
    • (2005) J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol , vol.18 , pp. 399-402
    • Maharaj, N.R.1    Dhai, A.2    Wiersma, R.3
  • 104
    • 4544290998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment of intersex: Parenteral perspectives
    • Dayner JE, Lee PA, Houk CP. Medical treatment of intersex: parenteral perspectives. J Urol 2004; 172: 1762-1765
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.172 , pp. 1762-1765
    • Dayner, J.E.1    Lee, P.A.2    Houk, C.P.3
  • 105
    • 0036303690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal reconstruction for ambiguous genitalia and congenital absence of the vagina: A 27-year experience
    • Graziano K, Teitelbaum DH, Hirschl RB et al. Vaginal reconstruction for ambiguous genitalia and congenital absence of the vagina: a 27-year experience. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37: 955-960
    • (2002) J Pediatr Surg , vol.37 , pp. 955-960
    • Graziano, K.1    Teitelbaum, D.H.2    Hirschl, R.B.3
  • 106
    • 33748439007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement on the management of intersex disorders by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology
    • Consensus statement on the management of intersex disorders by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 488-500
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , pp. 488-500


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.