Terrorism, distress, and drinking: Vulnerability and protective factors

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Volumn 197, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 909-917

  Richman, Judith A ^a   Rospenda, Kathleen M ^a   Cloninger, Lea ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcohol use and abuse; Psychological distress; Stress paradigm; Terrorism

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL;

ADULT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOL INTOXICATION; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEPRESSION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; FEAR; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; MENTAL HEALTH; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREDICTION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL HARASSMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STATISTICAL MODEL; STRESS; TERRORISM; UNITED STATES; WORKPLACE;

ALCOHOL DRINKING; ANXIETY; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MARITAL STATUS; MIDDLE AGED; MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES; PARENTS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SEPTEMBER 11 TERRORIST ATTACKS; SEX FACTORS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; WORKPLACE;

EID: 73849120340     PISSN: 00223018     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181c29a39     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Adams RE, Boscarino JA (2005) Stress and well-being in the aftermath of the world trade center attack: The continuing effects of a communitywide disaster. J Commun Psychol. 33:175-190.
2. Adams RE, Boscarino JA, Galea S (2006) Social and psychological resources and health outcomes after the World Trade Center disaster. Soc Sci Med. 62:176-188.
3. Allison PD (2001) Missing Data. Sage University Papers Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 07-136. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage.
4. Amsel L, Marshall RD (2003) Clinical management of subsyndromal psychological sequelae of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. In SW Coates, JL Rosenthal, DS Schechter, (Eds), September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds. (pp 75-97). Hillsdale (NJ): The Analytic Press.
5. Arvey RD, Cavanaugh MA (1995) Using surveys to assess the prevalence of sexual harassment: Some methodological problems. J Soc Issues. 51:39-52.
6. Bonanno GA, Galea S, Bucciarelli A, Vlahov D (2007) What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources and life stress. J Consult Clin Psychol. 75:671-682.
7. Boscarino JA, Adams RE, Galea S (2006) Alcohol use in New York after the terrorist attacks: A study of the effects of psychological trauma on drinking behavior. Addict Behav. 31:606-621.
8. Cardenas J, Williams K, Wilson JP, Fanouraki G, Singh A (2003) PTSD, major depressive symptoms and substance abuse following September 11, 2001 in a Midwestern university population. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 5:15-28.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002) Psychological and emotional effects of the September 11 attacks on the world trade center-Connecticut, New Jersey and New York, 2001. J Am Med Assoc. 288:1467-1468.
10. Cobb S (1976) Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosom Med. 38:301-314.
11. Collins LM (2006) Analysis of longitudinal data: The integration of theoretical model, temporal design and statistical model. Annu Rev Psychol. 57:505-528.
12. Derogatis LR (1975) SCL-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual-II. Baltimore (MD): Clinical Psychometric Research.
13. DiGrande L, Perrin MA, Thorpe LE, Thalji L, Murphy J, Wu D, Farfel M, Brackbill RM (2008) Posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTSD and risk factors among lower Manhattan residents 2-3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. J Trauma Stress. 21:264-273.
14. Dillman DA (1978) Mail and Telephone Surveys: The Total Design Method. New York (NY): Wiley.
15. Fendrich M, Woodword P, Richman JA (2002) The structure of harassment and abuse in the workplace: A factorial comparison of two measures. Violence Vict. 17:491-505.
16. Fitzgerald LF (1990) Sexual harassment: The definition and measurement of a construct. In MA Paludi, (Ed), Ivory Power: Sexual Harassment on Campus. Albany (NY): State University of New York Press.
17. Fitzgerald LF, Gelfand MJ, Drasgow F (1995) Measuring sexual harassment: Theoretical and psychometric advances. Basic Appl Soc Psych. 17:425-445.
18. Flaherty JA, Gaviria MF, Pathak D (1983) The measurement of social support: The Social Support Network Inventory. Compr Psychiatry. 24:521-529.
19. Ford JD, Adams ML, Dailey WF (2007) Psychological and health problems in a geographically proximate population time-sampled continuously for three months after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist incidents. Anxiety Stress Coping. 20:129-146.
20. Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H, Kilpatrick D, Bucuvalas M, Gold J, Vlahov D (2002) Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. N Engl J Med. 346:982-987. (Pubitemid 34983249)
21. Gore S, Mangioni TW (1983) Social roles, sex roles and psychological distress. J Health Soc Behav. 24:330-1312
22. Gove WR, Hughes MM, Styles CB (1983) Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well-being of the individual? J Health Soc Behav. 24:122-131.
23. Hasin DS, Keyes KM, Hatzenbuehler MS, Aharonovich EA, Alderson MS (2007) Alcohol consumption and posttraumatic stress after exposure to terrorism: Effects of proximity, loss and psychiatric history. Am J Public Health. 97: 2268-2275.
24. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D (1988) Social relationships and health. Science. 241:S40.
25. Karasek RA, Theorell T (1990) Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity and the Reconstruction of Working Life. New York (NY): Basic Books.
26. Kessler RC, McLeod JD (1985) Sex differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events. Am Sociol Rev. 49:620-631.
27. Knudsen HK, Roman PM, Johnson JA, Ducharme LJ (2005) A changed America? The effects of September 11th on depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. J Health Soc Behav. 46:260-273.
28. Long JS (1997) Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Advanced Quantitative Techniques in the Social Sciences, 7. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications, Inc.
29. Marshall RD, Galea S (2004) Science for the community: Assessing mental health after 9/11. J Clin Psychiatry. 65(suppl. 1):37-43.
30. Marshall RD, Bryant RA, Amsel L, Suh EJ, Cook JM, Neria Y (2007) The psychology of ongoing threat. Relative risk appraisal, the September 11 attacks and terrorism-related fears. Am Psychol. 62:304-316.
31. McCaslin SE, Jacobs GA, Meyer DL, Johnson-Jimenez E, Metzler TJ, Marmar CR (2005) How does negative life change following disaster response impact distress among Red Cross responders? Prof Psychol: Res Pr. 36:246-253.
32. McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman L (1981) Profile of Mood States. San Diego (CA): Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
33. Mirowsky J, Ross CE (1990) Control of defense? Depression and the sense of control over good and bad outcomes. J Health Soc Behav. 31:71-86.
34. Mirowsky J, Ross CE (2003) Social Causes of Psychological Distress. New York (NY): Walter de Gruyter. Norris FH 9/11 Instrument. Available at: http://obssr.od.nih.gov/Content/About- OBSSR/Activities/attack.htm. Accessed October 2002. PCL-T (PTSD Checklist-terror). Available at: http://obssr.od.nih. gov/Documents/ About-OBSSR/Activities/module3.pdf. Accessed October 2002.
35. Pearlin LI (1989) The sociological study of stress. J Health Soc Behav. 30:241-256.
36. Pedan A (2001) Analysis of Count Data Using the SAS System. Paper 247-326 Statistics, Data Analysis, and Data Mining. Tewksbury, MA: Vasca Inc.
37. Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1:385-401.
38. Richman JA, Cloninger L, Rospenda KM (2008) Macro level stressors, terrorism and mental health outcomes: Broadening the stress paradigm. Am J Public Health. 98:323-329.
39. Richman JA, Rospenda KM, Nawyn SJ, Flaherty JA, Fendrich M, Drum ML, Johnson TP (1999) Sexual harassment and generalized workplace abuse among university employees: Prevalence and mental health correlates. Am J Public Health. 89:358-363.
40. Richman JA, Shannon C, Rospenda, KM, Flaherty JA, Fendrich M (2009) The relationship between terrorism and distress and drinking: Two years after September 11, 2001. Subst Use Misuse. 44:1665-1680.
41. Richman JA, Wislar JS, Flaherty JA, Fendrich M, Rospenda KM (2004) Effects of alcohol use and anxiety of the September 11, 2001 attacks and chronic work stressors: A longitudinal cohort study. Am J Public Health. 94:2010-2015.
42. Ross CE, Mirowsky J (1988) Child care and emotional adjustment to wives' employment. J Health Soc Behav. 29:127-138.
43. Ross CE, Mirowsky J, Goldsteen K (1990) The impact of the family on health: The decade in review. J Marriage Fam. 52:1059-1078.
44. SAS Institute Inc (1999) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 8, Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.
45. Schlenger WE, Caddell JM, Ebert L, Jordan BK, Rourke KM (2002) Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: Findings from the national study of Americans' reactions to September 11th. J Am Med Assoc. 288:581-588.
46. Schuster MA, Stein BD, Jaycox LH, Collins RL, Marshall GN, Elliott MN, Zhou AJ, Kanouse DE, Morrison JL, Berry SH (2001) A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. N Engl J Med. 345:1507-1512.
47. Silver RC, Holman EA, McIntosh DN, Poulin M, Gil-Rivas V (2002) A nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. J AmMed Assoc. 288:1235-1244.
48. Sudman S, Bradburn N (1984) Improving mailed questionnaire design. In DC Lockhart (Ed.), Making Effective Use of Mailed Questionnaires (pp 33-47). San Francisco (CA): Jossey-Bass.
49. Temple M (1986) Trends in college drinking in California: 1979-1984. J Stud Alcohol. 47:274-282.
50. Thoits P (1995) Stress, coping and social support processes: Where are we? What next. J Health Soc Behav. 53-79.
51. Turner RJ, Lloyd DA (1995) Lifetime traumas and mental health: The significance of cumulative adversity. J Health Soc Behav. 36:360-376.
52. Turner RJ, Wheaton B, Lloyd DA (1995) The epidemiology of social stress. Am Sociol Rev. 60:104-125.
53. Whitlock C. Germany widens probe into bomb plot. At least 7 more people suspected in anti-US Plan. Washington Post Foreign Service. September 7, 2007; pp A15. Available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/ article/2007/09/06/AR2007090600595.html. Accessed September 7, 2007.
54. Wislar JS, Richman JA, Fendrich M, Flaherty JA (2002) Sexual harassment, generalized workplace abuse and drinking outcomes: The role of personality vulnerability. J Drug Issues. 32:1071-1088.
55. Wilsnack SC, Klassen AD, Schur BE, Wilsnack RW (1991) Predicting onset and chronicity of women's problem drinking: A five-year longitudinal analysis. Am J Public Health. 81:305-318.