Late Quaternary ice sheet, lake and sea history of southwest Scandinavia - A synthesis

Boreas

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 732-761

  Larsen, Nicolaj Krog ^a   Knudsen, Karen Luise ^b   Krohn, Charlotte Fog ^b   Kronborg, Christian ^b   Murray, Andrew S ^b   Nielsen, Ole Bjørslev ^b  

^a GeoBiosphere Science Centre   (Sweden)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; DEGLACIATION; EVENT STRATIGRAPHY; GLACIAL LAKE; GLACIATION; GLACIOLACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; ICE MARGIN; ICE SHEET; ICE STREAM; ICEBERG; MELTWATER; PALEOENVIRONMENT; QUATERNARY; SAALIAN; SCANDINAVIAN ICE SHEET; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WEICHSELIAN;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); DENMARK; GERMANY; NORTH SEA; NORWEGIAN CHANNEL; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 73849094888     PISSN: 03009483     EISSN: 15023885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00101.x     Document Type: Article

References (161)

1. Aaris-Sørensen, K. & Petersen, K. S. 1984: A Late Weichselian find of polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps) from Denmark and reflections on the paleoenvironment. Boreas 13, 29-33.
2. Aber, J. S. 1979: Kineto-stratigraphy at Hvideklint, Møn, Denmark and its regional significance. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 28, 81-93.
3. Adrielsson, L. 1984: Weichselian lithostratigraphy and glacial environment in the Ven-Glumslov area, southern Sweden. Lundqua Thesis 16, 120 pp.
4. Alexanderson, H. & Murray, A. S. 2007: Was southern Sweden ice free at 19-25 ka, or were the post LGM glacifluvial sediments incompletely bleached? Quaternary Geochronology 2, 229-236.
5. Andersen, L. T. 2004: The Fanø Bugt Glaciotectonic Thrust Fault Complex, Southeastern Danish North Sea. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Aarhus.
6. Andersen, S. A. 1961: Geologisk fører over Vendsyssel, Historisk Samfund for Hjørring Amt. 207 pp. Populært Videnskabeligt Forlag, Copenhagen.
7. Andersen, S. T. 1965: Interglacialer og interstadialer i Danmarks kvartær. Et overblik. Meddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening 15, 486-506.
8. Andersen, S. T. 1967: Istider og mellemistider. In Nørrevang, A. M. & Meyer, T. J. (eds.): Danmarks Natur, vol. 1, 199-250. Politiken, Copenhagen.
9. Arnold, N. S., van Andel, T. H. & Valen, V. 2002: Extent and dynamics of the Scandinavian ice sheet during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (65,000-25,000 yr BP). Quaternary Research 57, 38-48.
10. Bahnson, H., Petersen, K. S., Konradi, P. B. & Knudsen, K. L. 1974: Stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits in the Skærumhede II boring: Lithology, molluscs and foraminifera. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, Årbog 1973, 27-62.
11. Baumann, K. H., Lackschewitz, K. S., Mangerud, J., Spielhagen, R. F., Wolfwelling, T. C. W., Henrich, R. & Kassens, H. 1995: Reflection of Scandinavian Ice Sheet fluctuations in Norwegian Sea sediments during the past 150,000 years. Quaternary Research 43, 185-197.
12. Bennike, O., Houmark-Nielsen, M. & Wiberg-Larsen, P. 2007: A Middle Weichselian interstadial lake deposit on Sejerø, Denmark: Macrofossil studies and dating. Journal of Quaternary Science 22, 647-651.
13. Berglund, B. E. & Lagerlund, E. 1981: Eemian and Weichselian stratigraphy in south Sweden. Boreas 10, 323-362.
14. Berthelsen, O. 1987: Geologi i Aalborgområdet. Råstoffer - fundering - vandindvinding. 99 pp. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelser, Miljø ministeriet, Copenhagen.
15. Björck, S., Noe-Nygaard, N., Wolin, J., Houmark-Nielsen, M., Hansen, H. J. & Snowball, I. 2000: Eemian lake development, hydrology and climate: A multi-stratigraphic study of the Hollerup site in Denmark. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 509-536.
16. Boulton, G. S. & Hagdorn, M. 2006: Glaciology of the British Isles Ice Sheet during the last glacial cycle: Form, flow, streams and lobes. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 3359-3390.
17. Boulton, G. S., Dongelmans, P., Punkari, M. & Broadgate, M. 2001: Palaeoglaciology of an ice sheet through a glacial cycle: The European ice sheet through the Weichselian. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 591-625.
18. Bradwell, T., Stoker, M., Golledge, N., Wilson, C., Merritt, J., Long, D., Everest, J., Hestvik, O., Stevenson, A., Hubbard, A., Finlayson, A. & Mathers, H. 2008: The northern sector of the Last British Ice Sheet: Maximum extent and demise. Earth Science Reviews 88, 207-226.
19. Bronk Ramsey, C. 2001: Development of the radiocarbon calibration program. Radiocarbon 43, 355-363.
20. Carr, S. J. 2004: The North Sea basin. In Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. (eds.): Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, Part I, Europe, 261-270. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
21. Carr, S. J., Holmes, R., van der Meer, J. J. M. & Rose, J. 2006: The Last Glacial Maximum in the North Sea Basin: Micromorphological evidence of extensive glaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science 21, 131-153.
22. Chappell, J. & Shackleton, N. J. 1986: Oxygen isotopes and sea level. Nature 324, 137-140.
23. Christiansen, H. H. 1998: Periglacial sediments in an Eemian-Weichselian succession at Emmerlev Klev, southwestern Jutland, Denmark. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 138, 245-258.
24. Clark, C. D., Evans, D. J. A. & Piotrowski, J. A. 2003: Palaeo-ice streams: An introduction. Boreas 32, 1-3.
25. CLIMAP Project Members 1984: The Last Interglacial ocean. Quaternary Research 21, 123-224.
26. Ditlefsen, C. 1991: Luminescence Dating of Danish Quaternary Sediments. Ph.D. thesis, University of Aarhus, 154 pp.
27. Dokken, T. M. & Jansen, E. 1999: Rapid changes in the mechanism of ocean convection during the last glacial period. Nature 401, 458-461.
28. Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. 2004: Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology. 475 pp. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
29. Ehlers, J., Eissmann, L., Lippstreu, L., Stephan, H. J. & Wansa, S. 2004: Pleistocene glaciations of North Germany. In Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. (eds.): Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, 135-146. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
30. Fairbanks, R. G., Mortlock, R. A., Chiu, T. C., Cao, L., Kaplan, A., Guilderson, T. P., Fairbanks, T. W., Bloom, A. L., Grootes, P. M. & Nadeau, M. J. 2005: Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired Th-230/U-234/U-238 and C-14 dates on pristine corals. Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1781-1796.
31. Feyling-Hanssen, R. W. 1974: The Weichselian section of Foss-Eigeland, south-western Norway. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 96, 341-353.
32. Feyling-Hanssen, R. W., Jørgensen, J. A., Knudsen, K. L. & Lykke-Andersen, A.-L. 1971: Late Quaternary Foraminifera from Vendsyssel, Denmark and Sandnes, Norway. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 21, 1-317.
33. Flückiger, J., Knutti, R. & White, J. W. C. 2006: Oceanic processes as potential trigger and amplifying mechanisms for Heinrich events. Paleoceanography 21, PA2014, doi: 10.1029/2005PA001204.
34. Fredericia, J. 1988: Den hydrogeologiske kortlægning af Nordjyllands Amtskommune. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, Intern rapport 22, 231 pp.
35. Friborg, R. 1996: The landscape below the Tinglev outwash plain: A reconstruction. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 43, 34-40.
36. Funder, S., Demidov, I. N. & Yelovicheva, Y. 2002: Hydrography and mollusc faunas of the Baltic and the White Sea - North Sea seaway in the Eemian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 184, 275-304.
37. GEUS 2008: Jupiter boredatabase, Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelser. Available at: http://www.geus.dk/
38. Glaister, C. G. & Gibbard, P. L. 1998: Pollen stratigraphy of late Pleistocene marine sediments at Nørre Lyngby and Skagen, North Denmark. Quaternary Science Reviews 17, 839-854.
39. Gry, H. 1940: De istektoniske forhold i molerområdet. Meddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening 9, 586-627.
40. Hearty, P. J., Hollin, J. T., Neumann, A. C., O'Leary, M. J. & McCulloch, M. 2007: Global sea-level fluctuations during the Last Interglaciation (MIS 5e). Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 2090-2112.
41. Heier-Nielsen, S., Conradsen, K., Heinemeier, J., Knudsen, K. L., Nielsen, H. L., Rud, N. & Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Á. E. 1995: Radiocarbon dating of shells and foraminifera from the Skagen Core, Denmark: Evidence of reworking. Radiocarbon 37, 119-130.
42. Helmens, K. F., Bos, J. A. A., Engels, S., van Meerbeeck, C. J., Bohncke, S. J. P., Renssen, H., Heiri, O., Brooks, S. J., Seppä, H., Birks, H. J. B. & Wohlfarth, B. 2007: Present-day temperatures in northern Scandinavia during the last glaciation. Geology 35, 987-990.
43. Helmens, K. F., Rasanen, M. E., Johansson, P. W., Jungner, H. & Korjonen, K. 2000: The Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in NE Fennoscandia: A nearly continuous record from Sokli (Finnish Lapland). Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 1605-1623.
44. Houmark-Nielsen, M. 1987: Pleistocene stratigraphy and glacial history of the central part of Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 36, 189 pp.
45. Houmark-Nielsen, M. 1989: The last interglacial-glacial cycle in Denmark. Quaternary International 3/4, 31-39.
46. Houmark-Nielsen, M. 1994: Late Pleistocene stratigraphy, glaciation chronology and Middle Weichselian environmental history from Klintholm, Møn, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41, 181-202.
47. Houmark-Nielsen, M. 1999: A lithostratigraphy of Weichselian glacial and interstadial deposits in Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 46, 101-114.
48. Houmark-Nielsen, M. 2003: Signature and timing of the Kattegat Ice Stream: Onset of the Last Glacial Maximum sequence at the southwestern margin of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. Boreas 32, 227-241.
49. Houmark-Nielsen, M. 2007: Extent and age of Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations and periglacial episodes in southern Jylland, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 55, 9-35.
50. Houmark-Nielsen, M. & Kjær, K. H. 2003: Southwest Scandinavia, 40-15 kyr BP: Palaeogeography and environmental change. Journal of Quaternary Science 18, 769-786.
51. Houmark-Nielsen, M., Bennike, O. & Björck, S. 1996: Terrestrial biotas and environmental changes during the late Middle Weichselian in north Jylland, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 43, 169-176.
52. Houmark-Nielsen, M., Knudsen, K. L. & Noe-Nygaard, N. 2006: Istider og Mellemistider. In Larsen, G. (ed.): Naturen i Danmark, Geologien, 255-302. Gyldendal, København.
53. Hughen, K. A., Baillie, M. G. L., Bard, E., Beck, J. W., Bertrand, C. J. H., Blackwell, P. G., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Cutler, K. B., Damon, P. E., Edwards, R. L., Fairbanks, R. G., Friedrich, M., Guilderson, T. P., Kromer, B., McCormac, G., Manning, S., Ramsey, C. B., Reimer, P. J., Reimer, R. W., Remmele, S., Southon, J. R., Stuiver, M., Talamo, S., Taylor, F. W., van der Plicht, J. & Weyhenmeyer, C. E. 2004: Marine04 marine radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon 46, 1059-1086.
54. Hughes, T. 1996: Can ice sheets trigger abrupt climatic change? Arctic and Alpine Research 28, 448-465.
55. Jessen, A. 1899: Beskrivelse til geologisk kort over Danmark. Kortbladene Skagen, Hirtshals, Frederikshavn, Hjørring og Løkken. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, I Række 3, 368 pp.
56. Jessen, A. 1931: Lønstrup Klint. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II Række 49, 142 pp.
57. Jessen, A. 1936: Vendsyssels Geologi. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, V Række 2, 195 pp.
58. Jessen, A. & Milthers, V. 1928: Stratigraphical and paleontological studies of Interglacial fresh-water deposits in Jutland and northwest Germany. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II Række 48, 380 pp.
59. Jessen, A., Milthers, V., Nordmann, V., Hartz, N. & Hesselbo, A. 1910: En boring gennem de kvartære lag ved Skærumhede. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II Række 25, 175 pp.
60. Jørgensen, F. & Piotrowski, J. A. 2003: Signature of the Baltic Ice Stream on Funen Island, Denmark during the Weichselian Glaciation. Boreas 32, 242-255.
61. Jørgensen, F. & Sandersen, P. B. E. 2006: Buried and open tunnel valleys in Denmark - erosion beneath multiple ice sheets. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 1339-1363.
62. Kjær, K. H., Houmark-Nielsen, M. & Richardt, N. 2003: Ice-flow patterns and dispersal of erratics at the southwestern margin of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet: Signature of palaeo-ice stream. Boreas 32, 130-148.
63. Kjær, K. H., Lagerlund, E., Adrielsson, L., Thomas, P. J., Murray, A. & Sandgren, P. 2006: The first independent chronology for Middle and Late Weichselian sediments from southern Sweden and the Island of Bornholm. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlinger 128, 209-220.
64. Klingberg, F. 1997: Late Saalian marine clay successions in southwestern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlinger 119, 267-273.
65. Knudsen, K. L. 1978: Middle and Late Weichselian marine deposits at Nørre Lyngby, northern Jutland, Denmark, and their foraminiferal faunas. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II Række 112, 44 pp.
66. Knudsen, K. L. 1984: Foraminiferal stratigraphy in a marine Eemian-Weichselian sequence at Apholm, North Jutland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 32, 169-180.
67. Knudsen, K. L. 1985a: Correlation of Saalian, Eemian and Weichselian foraminiferal zones in North Jutland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 33, 325-339.
68. Knudsen, K. L. 1985b: Foraminiferal stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits in the Roar, Skjold and Dan fields, central North Sea. Boreas 14, 311-324.
69. Knudsen, K. L. 1991: Marine Eemian and Early Weichselian deposits in northern Denmark - a review of the foraminiferal stratigraphy. Quaternary International 10-12, 167-171.
70. Knudsen, K. L. 1994: The marine Quaternary in Denmark: A review of new evidence from glacial-interglacial studies. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41, 203-218.
71. Knudsen, K. L. & Lykke-Andersen, A.-L. 1982: Foraminifera in Late Saalian, Eemian, Early and Middle Weichselian of the Skærumhede I boring. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 30, 97-109.
72. Knudsen, K. L., Conradsen, K., Heier-Nielsen, S. & Seidenkrantz, M.-S. 1996: Quaternary palaeoceanography and palaeogeography in northern Denmark: A review of results from the Skagen cores. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 43, 22-31.
73. Knudsen, K. L., Kristensen, P. & Larsen, N. K. 2009: Marine glacial and interglacial stratigraphy in Vendsyssel, northern Denmark: Foraminifera and stable isotopes. Boreas, doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00103.x.
74. Knutti, R., Flückiger, J., Stocker, T. F. & Timmermann, A. 2004: Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation. Nature 430, 851-856.
75. Knutz, P. C. 1993: Aflejringsmiljøet i Kattegat under sidste interglacial (Eem sensu lato). M.Sc. thesis, University of Aarhus, 148 pp.
76. Konradi, P. B. 1976: Foraminifera in Eemian deposits at Stensigmose, southern Denmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II Række 105, 55 pp.
77. Konradi, P. B., Larsen, B. & Sørensen, A. B. 2005: Marine Eemian in the Danish eastern North Sea. Quaternary International 133/134, 21-31.
78. Kosack, B. & Lange, W. 1985: Das Eem-Vorkommen von Offenbüttel/Schnittlohe und die Ausbreitung des Eem-Meeres zwischen Nord und Ostsee. Geologisches Jahrbuch A86, 3-17.
79. Kristensen, P. & Knudsen, K. L. 2006: Palaeoenvironments of a complete Eemian sequence at Mommark, southern Denmark: Foraminifera, ostracods and stable isotopes. Boreas 35, 349-366.
80. Kristensen, P., Knudsen, K. L., Lykke-Andersen, H., Nørmark, E., Peacock, J. D. & Sinnott, A. 1998: Interglacial and glacial climate oscillations in a marine shelf sequence from northern Denmark - a multidisciplinary study. Quaternary Science Reviews 17, 813-837.
81. Krog, H. & Tauber, H. 1974: C-14 chronology of Late- and Post-glacial marine deposits in North Jutland. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, Årbog 1973, 93-105.
82. Krohn, C. F., Larsen, N. K., Kronborg, C., Nielsen, O. B. & Knudsen, K. L. 2009: Litho- and chronostratigraphy of the Late Weichselian in Vendsyssel, northern Denmark with special emphasis on tunnel-valley infill in relation to a receding ice margin. Boreas, doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00104.x.
83. Kronborg, C. 1983: Glacialstratigrafien i østog Midtjylland. Ph.D. thesis, University of Aarhus, 259 pp.
84. Kronborg, C. & Mejdahl, V. 1989: Thermoluminescence dating of Eemian and Early Weichselian deposits in Denmark. Quaternary International 3/4, 93-99.
85. Kronborg, C., Bender, H., Bjerre, R., Friborg, R., Jacobsen, H. O., Kristiansen, L., Rasmussen, P., Sørensen, P. R. & Larsen, G. 1990: Glacial stratigraphy of East and Central Jutland. Boreas 19, 173-183.
86. Lagerlund, E. 1987: An alternative Weichselian glaciation model, with special reference to the glacial history of Skåne, south Sweden. Boreas 16, 433-459.
87. Lagerlund, E. & Houmark-Nielsen, M. 1993: Timing and pattern of the last deglaciation in the Kattegat region, southwest Scandinavia. Boreas 22, 337-347.
88. Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Funder, S., Kjær, K. H., Larsen, E. & Möller, P. 2006: Constraints on the Late Saalian to early Middle Weichselian ice sheet of Eurasia from field data and rebound modelling. Boreas 35, 539-575.
89. Larsen, E., Sejrup, H. P., Janocko, J., Landvik, J. Y., Stalsberg, K. & Steinsund, P. I. 2000: Recurrent interaction between the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream and terrestrial-based ice across southwest Norway. Boreas 29, 185-203.
90. Larsen, G. & Kronborg, C. 1994: Det mellemste Jylland. 272 pp. Geografforlaget, Brenderup.
91. Larsen, N. K., Krohn, C., Kronborg, C., Nielsen, O. B. & Kudsen, K. L. 2009: Lithostratigraphy of the Late Saalian to Middle Weichselian Skærumhede Group in Vendsyssel, northern Denmark. Boreas, doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00102.x.
92. Lekens, W. A. H., Sejrup, H. P., Haflidason, H., Knies, J. & Richter, T. 2006: Meltwater and ice rafting in the southern Norwegian Sea between 20 and 40 calendar kyr BP: Implications for Fennoscandian Heinrich events. Paleoceanography 21, PA3013, doi: 10.1029/2005PA001228.
93. Lekens, W. A. H., Sejrup, H. P., Haflidason, H., Petersen, G. O., Hjelstuen, B. & Knorr, G. 2005: Laminated sediments preceding Heinrich event 1 in the Northern North Sea and Southern Norwegian Sea: Origin, processes and regional linkage. Marine Geology 216, 27-50.
94. Lundqvist, J. 1992: Glacial stratigraphy in Sweden. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 15, 43-59.
95. Lundqvist, J. 2004: Glacial history of Sweden. In Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. (eds.): Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, 401-412. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
96. Lykke-Andersen, A.-L. 1971: Foraminifera from the Older Yoldia Clay at Hirtshals. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 21, 159-184.
97. Lykke-Andersen, A.-L. 1981: En ny C-14 datering fra ældre Yoldia Ler i Hirtshals Kystklint. Dansk Geologisk Forening, Årsskrift for 1980, 1-5.
98. Lykke-Andersen, A.-L. 1982: Nogle nye C-14 dateringer fra ældre Yoldia Ler i Hirtshals Kystklint. Dansk Geologisk Forening, Årsskrift for 1981, 119-121.
99. Lykke-Andersen, A.-L. 1987: A Late Saalian, Eemian and Weichselian marine sequence at Nørre Lyngby, Vendsyssel, Denmark. Boreas 16, 345-357.
100. Lykke-Andersen, A.-L. & Knudsen, K. L. 1991: Saalian, Eemian, and Weichselian in the Vendsyssel-Kattegat Region, Denmark. Striae 34, 135-140.
101. Lykke-Andersen, H., Knudsen, K. L. & Christiansen, C. 1993: The Quaternary of the Kattegat area, Scandinavia: A review. Boreas 22, 269-281.
102. Madsen, V., Nordmann, V. & Hartz, N. 1908: Eem-Zonerne. Studier over Cyprinaleret og andre Eem-Aflejringer i Danmark, Nord-Tyskland og Holland. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II Række 17, 302 pp.
103. Mangerud, J. 2004: Ice sheet limits in Norway and on the Norwegian continental shelf. In Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. (eds.): Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, 271-294. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
104. Mangerud, J., Lovlie, R., Gulliksen, S., Hufthammer, A. K., Larsen, E. & Valen, V. 2003: Paleomagnetic correlations between Scandinavian Ice-Sheet fluctuations and Greenland Dansgaard-Oeschger events, 45,000-25,000 yr BP. Quaternary Research 59, 213-222.
105. Marks, L., Piotrowski, J. A., Stephan, H. J., Fedorowicz, S. & Butrym, J. 1995: Thermoluminescence indications of the Middle Weichselian (Vistulian) Glaciation in Northern Germany. Meyniana 47, 69-82.
106. Mejdahl, V., Shlukov, A. I., Shakhovets, S. A., Voskovskaya, L. T. & Lyashenko, H. G. 1992: The effect of shallow traps: A possible source of error in TL dating of sediments. Ancient TL 10, 22-25.
107. Mertz, E. L. 1924: Oversigt over de senog postglaciale niveauforandringer i Danmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II Række 41, 50 pp.
108. Meyer, T. & Preece, R. C. 1995: Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary. In Preece, R. C. (ed.): Island Britain: A Quaternary Perspective, 89-110. Geological Society Special Publication 96.
109. Milthers, K. 1948: Det danske Istidslandskabs Terrænformer og deres Opståen. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, III Række 28, 233 pp.
110. Murray, A. S. & Olley, J. M. 2002: Precision and accuracy in the optically stimulated luminescence dating of sedimentary quartz: A status review. Geochronometria 21, 1-16.
111. Murray, A. S. & Wintle, A. G. 2000: Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation Measurements 32, 57-73.
112. Murray, A. S., Marten, R., Johnston, A. & Martin, P. 1987: Analysis for naturally-occurring radionuclides at environmental concentrations by gamma spectrometry. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry-Articles 115, 263-288.
113. Näslund, J. O., Rodhe, L., Fastook, J. L. & Holmlund, P. 2003: New ways of studying ice sheet flow directions and glacial erosion by computer modelling - examples from Fennoscandia. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 245-258.
114. Nygård, A., Sejrup, H. P., Haflidason, H., Lekens, W. A. H., Clark, C. D. & Bigg, G. R. 2007: Extreme sediment and ice discharge from marine-based ice streams: New evidence from the North Sea. Geology 35, 395-398.
115. Olley, J. M., Murray, A. & Roberts, R. G. 1996: The effects of disequilibria in the uranium and thorium decay chains on burial dose rates in fluvial sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 751-760.
116. Olsen, L., Sveian, H. & Bergström, B. 2001: Rapid adjustments of the western part of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the Mid and Late Weichselian - a new model. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 81, 93-117.
117. Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Marsha, S. J., Overpeck, J. T., Miller, G. H. & Hu, A. X. 2006: Simulating arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation. Science 311, 1751-1753.
118. Påsse, T. 1998: Early Weichselian interstadial deposits within the drumlins at Skrea and Vinberg, southwestern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlinger 120, 349-356.
119. Påsse, T., Robertsson, A. M., Miller, U. & Klingberg, F. 1988: A Late Pleistocene sequence at Margreteberg, southwestern Sweden. Boreas 17, 141-163.
120. Peck, V. L., Hall, I. R., Zahn, R., Grousset, F., Hemming, S. R. & Scourse, J. D. 2007: The relationship of Heinrich events and their European precursors over the past 60 ka BP: A multi-proxy ice-rafted debris provenance study in the North East Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 862-875.
121. Pedersen, S. A. S. 1996: Progressive glaciotectonic deformation in Weichselian and Palaeogene deposits at Feggeklint, northern Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 42, 153-174.
122. Pedersen, S. A. S. 2005: Structural analysis of the Rubjerg Knude Glaciotectonic Complex, Vendsyssel, northern Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Bulletin 8, 192 pp.
123. Penney, D. N. 1989: Microfossils (foraminifera, ostracoda) from an Eemian (last interglacial) tidal flat sequence in south-west Denmark. Quaternary International 3/4, 85-91.
124. Petersen, K. S. 1985: The Late Quaternary History of Denmark - the Weichselian ice sheets and land/sea configuration in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Journal of Danish Archaeology 4, 7-22.
125. Petersen, K. S. 2004: Late Quaternary environmental changes recorded in the Danish marine molluscan faunas. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Bulletin 3, 268 pp.
126. Petersen, K. S. & Kronborg, C. 1991: Late Pleistocene history of the inland glaciation in Denmark. In Frenzel, B. (ed.): Klimageschichtliche Probleme der letzen 130.000 Jahre, vol. 1, 331-342. Palaoklimaforschung, Mainz.
127. Richardt, N. 1996: Sedimentological examination of the Late Weichselian sea-level history following deglaciation of northern Denmark. In Andrews, J. T., Austin, W. E. N., Bergsten, H. & Jennings, A. E. (eds): Late Quaternary Palaeocenography of the North Atlantic Margins, 261-273. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 111.
128. Richardt, N. 1998: Marine Sedimentary Environments, Sea-Level History, and Deglaciation; Late Weichselian Vendsyssel, Denmark. Ph.D. thesis, University of Copenhagen, 99 pp.
129. Rohling, E. J., Grant, K., Hemleben, C., Siddall, M., Hoogakker, B. A. A., Bolshaw, M. & Kucera, M. 2008: High rates of sea-level rise during the last interglacial period. Nature Geoscience 1, 38-42.
130. Sadolin, M., Pedersen, G. K. & Pedersen, S. A. S. 1997: Lacustrine sedimentation and tectonics: An example from the Weichselian at Lønstrup Klint, Denmark. Boreas 26, 113-126.
131. Sandgren, P. & Snowball, I. 2001: The Late Weichselian sea level history of the Kullen Peninsula in northwest Skåne, southern Sweden. Boreas 30, 115-130.
132. Sandersen, P., Jørgensen, F., Larsen, N. K., Westergaard, J. H. & Auken, E. 2009: Rapid tunnel-valley formation beneath the receding Late Weichselian ice sheet in Vendsyssel, Denmark. Boreas, doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00105.x.
133. Sandgren, P., Snowball, I., Hammarlund, D. & Risberg, J. 1999: Stratigraphic evidence for a high marine shore-line during the Late Weichselian deglaciation on the Kullen Peninsula, southern Sweden. Journal of Quaternary Science 14, 223-237.
134. Schuldt, J. 1981: Om Esrumdalens geologi. Dansk Geologisk Forening, Årsskrift for 1980, 77-81.
135. Seidenkrantz, M.-S. 1993: Foraminifera from the Quaternary sequence in the Anholt boring, Denmark. Boreas 22, 283-290.
136. 14C measurements. Boreas 22, 299-310.
137. Seidenkrantz, M.-S. & Knudsen, K. L. 1997: Eemian climatic and hydrographical instability on a marine shelf in Northern Denmark. Quaternary Research 47, 218-234.
138. Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Bornmalm, L., Johnson, S. J., Knudsen, K. L., Kuijpers, A., Lauritzen, S. E., Leroy, S. A. G., Mergeai, I., Schweger, C. & Van Vliet-Lanoe, B. 1996: Two-step deglaciation at the Oxygen isotope stage 6/5E transition: The Zeifen-Kattegat climate oscillation. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 63-75.
139. Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Knudsen, K. L. & Kristensen, P. 2000: Marine Late Saalian to Eemian environments and climatic variability in the Danish shelf area. Geologie en Mijnbouw 79, 335-343.
140. Sejrup, H. P. 1987: Molluscan and forminiferal biostratigraphy of an Eemian-early Weichselian section on Karmøy, southwestern Norway. Boreas 16, 27-42.
141. Sejrup, H. P., Haflidason, H., Aarseth, I., King, E., Forsberg, C. F., Long, D. & Rokoengen, K. 1994: Late Weichselian glaciation history of the northern North Sea. Boreas 23, 1-13.
142. Sejrup, H. P., Larsen, E., Haflidason, H., Berstad, I. M., Hjelstuen, B. O., Jónsdóttir, H. E., King, E. L., Landvik, J., Longva, O., Nygård, A., Ottesen, D., Raunholm, S., Rise, L. & Stalsberg, K. 2003: Configuration, history and impact of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream. Boreas 32, 18-36.
143. Sejrup, H. P., Larsen, E., Landvik, J., King, E. L., Haflidason, H. & Nesje, A. 2000: Quaternary glaciations in southern Fennoscandia: Evidence from southwestern Norway and the northern North Sea region. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 667-685.
144. Sejrup, H. P., Nygård, A., Hall, A. M. & Haflidason, H. 2009: Middle and Late Weichselian (Devensian) glaciation history of south-western Norway, North Sea and eastern UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 370-380.
145. Shackleton, N. J. 1987: Oxygen isotopes, ice volume and sea level. Quaternary Science Reviews 6, 183-190.
146. Siegert, M. J., Dowdeswell, J. A., Hald, M. & Svendsen, J. I. 2001: Modelling the Eurasian Ice Sheet through a full (Weichselian) glacial cycle. Global and Planetary Change 31, 367-385.
147. Sjørring, S. 1983: The Glacial History of Denmark. In Ehlers, J. (ed.): Glacial Deposits in Northwest Europe, 163-179. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
148. Snoeckx, H., Grousset, F., Revel, M. & Boelaert, A. 1999: European contribution of ice-rafted sand to Heinrich layers H3 and H4. Marine Geology 158, 197-208.
149. Stephan, H. J. 2003: Zur Entstechung der eiszeitlichen Landschaft Schleswig-Holsteins. Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schleswig-Holstein 68, 101-117.
150. Strickertsson, K. & Murray, A. S. 1999: Optically stimulated luminescence dates for Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments from Nørre Lyngby, Northern Jutland, Denmark. Quaternary Science Reviews 18, 169-178.
151. Stuiver, M. & Braziunas, T. F. 1993: Modeling atmospheric C-14 influences and C-14 ages of Marine samples to 10,000 BC. Radiocarbon 35, 137-189.
152. Tauber, H. 1966: Danske kulstof-14 dateringsresulatater. Meddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening 16, 153-176.
153. Temmler, H. 1995: Neue Ergebnisse zum Aufbau des Eem-Interglazials in Nordfriesland. Meyniana 47, 83-100.
154. Ukkonen, P., Arppe, L., Houmark-Nielsen, M., Kjær, K. H. & Karhu, J. A. 2007: MIS 3 mammoth remains from Sweden - implications for faunal history, palaeoclimate and glaciation chronology. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 3081-3098.
155. Ussing, N. V. 1903: Om Jyllands hedesletter og teorierne for deres dannelse. Det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 4, 1-53.
156. Ussing, N. V. 1907: Om floddale og Randmoræner i Jylland. Det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 4, 161-213.
157. Waelbroeck, C., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Duplessy, J. C., McManus, J. F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E. & Labracherie, M. 2002: Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminiferal isotopic records. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 295-305.
158. Winograd, I. J. 2001: The magnitude and proximate cause of ice-sheet growth since 35,000 yr BP. Quaternary Research 56, 299-307.
159. Wohlfarth, B., Björck, S., Funder, S., Houmark-Nielsen, M., Ingólfsson, Ó., Lunkka, J. P., Mangerud, J., Saarnisto, M. & Vorren, T. 2008: Quaternary in Norden. Episodes 31, 73-81.
160. Wysota, W., Lankauf, K. R., Swmanda, J., Chruscinska, A., Oczkowski, H. L. & Przegietka, K. R. 2002: Chronology of the Vistulian (Weichselian) glacial events in the lower Vistula region, middle north Poland. Geochronometra 21, 137-142.
161. Yokoyama, Y., Lambeck, K., De Deckker, P., Johnston, P. & Fifield, L. K. 2000: Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum from observed sea-level minima. Nature 406, 713-716.