Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in ambient air and rainwater in a tropical environment: Concentrations and temporal and seasonal trends

Chemosphere

Volumn 78, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 742-751

  He, Jun ^a   Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Atmosphere; Organochlorine pesticides; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Precipitation

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CORRELATION METHODS; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER); PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; TROPICS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; WIND;

ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE; AVERAGE CONCENTRATION; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC RATIO; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POSITIVE CORRELATIONS; SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (SVOCS); STATISTICAL CORRELATION; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS;

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

AROCLOR 1248; AROCLOR 1254; FOSSIL FUEL; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; RAIN; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AIR MASS; AMBIENT AIR; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; DDT; ORGANOCHLORINE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PCB; PESTICIDE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RAINWATER; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; SOLAR RADIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; WIND VELOCITY;

AIR SAMPLING; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; EXHAUST GAS; HUMIDITY; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SINGAPORE; SOLAR RADIATION; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; TROPICS; WIND;

SINGAPORE [SOUTHEAST ASIA];

EID: 73749086997     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.042     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Ang K.P., Gunasingham H., and Tay B.T. The distribution of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air particulates in Singapore. Environ. Monit. Assess. 6 (1986) 171-180
2. Atkinson R. Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions. Chem. Rev. 86 1 (1986) 69-201
3. Atkinson R. Atmospheric lifetimes of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Sci. Total Environ. 104 (1991) 17-33
4. Baek S.O., Field R.A., Goldstone M.E., Kirk P.W., Lester J.N., and Perry R. A review of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: sources, fate and behavior. Water Air Soil Pollut. 60 (1991) 279-300
5. Brun G.L., Vaidya O.M.C., and Leger M.G. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Atlantic Canada: Geographic and temporal distributions and trends 1980-2001. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 1941-1948
6. Chee K.K., Wong M.K., and Lee H.K. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of air particulates for the determination of PAHs. Environ. Monit. Assess. 44 (1997) 391-403
7. Chu W., Chan K.H., Kwan C.Y., and Jafvert C.T. Acceleration and quenching of the photolysis of PCB in the presence of surfactant and humic materials. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 9211-9216
8. Cotham W., and Bidleman T. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in air at an urban and a rural site near Lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29 (1995) 2782-2789
9. Cousins I.T., and Jones K.C. Air-soil exchange of SVOCs in the UK. Environ. Pollut. 102 (1998) 105-118
10. Draxler, R.R., Rolph, G.D., 2003. HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model access via NOAA ARL READY Website. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Springs, M.D., USA. .
11. Dvorská A., Lammel G., Klanova J., and Holoubek I. Kosetice, Czech Republic-ten years of air pollution monitoring and four years of evaluating the origin of persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Pollut. 156 (2008) 403-408
12. Dvorská A., Lammel G., and Holoubek I. Recent trends of persistent organic pollutants in air in central Europe-Air monitoring in combination with air mass trajectory statistics as a tool to study the effectivity of regional chemical policy. Atmos. Environ. 43 (2009) 1280-1287
13. Encinas D., and Casado H. Rain-aerosol coupling in a rural area in Basque country (Spain): Scavenging Ratios. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 30 (1999) 411-419
14. Erel Y., Kalderon-Asael B., Dayan U., and Sandler A. European atmospheric pollution imported by cooler air masses to the Eastern Mediterranean during the summer. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 5198-5203
15. Erickson M.D. Analytical Chemistry of PCBs. second ed. (1997), CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL pp. 17-25
16. In: Finlayson-Pitts B.J., and Pitts J.N. (Eds). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere (2000), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
17. Frame G.M., Wagner R.E., Carnahan J.C., Brown J.F., May R.J., Smullen L.A., and Bedard D.L. Comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analyses of eight aroclors and complete PCB congener assignments on DE-1 capillary GC columns. Chemosphere 33 (1996) 603-623
18. Galarneau E. Source specificity and atmospheric processing of airborne PAHs: implications for source apportionment. Atmos. Environ. 42 (2008) 8139-8149
19. Gouin T., Mackay D., Jones K.C., Harner T., and Meijer S.N. Evidence for the "grasshopper" effect and fractionation during long-range atmospheric transport of organic contaminants. Environ. Pollut. 128 (2004) 139-148
20. Harner T., Shoeib M., Kozma M., Gobas F., and Li S.M. Hexachlorocyclohexanes and endosulfans in urban, rural, and high altitude air samples in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia: evidence for trans-Pacific transport. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 724-731
21. Harrad S., and Mao H. Atmospheric PCBs and organochlorines pesticides in Birmingham, UK: concentrations, sources, temporal and seasonal trends. Atmos. Environ. 38 (2004) 1437-1445
22. He J., and Balasubramanian R. Rain-aerosol coupling in the tropical atmosphere of Southeast Asia: distribution and scavenging ratios of major ionic species. J. Atmos. Chem. 60 (2008) 205-220
23. He J., and Balasubramanian R. A Study of precipitation scavenging of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in a tropical area. J. Geophys. Res (2009) doi: 10.1029/2008JD011685
24. He J., Balasubramanian R., Karthikeyan S., and Joshi U.M. Determination of semi-volatile organochlorine compounds in the atmosphere of Singapore using accelerated solvent extraction. Chemosphere 75 (2009) 640-648
25. Iwata H., Tanabe S., Sakai N., and Tatsukawa R. Distribution of persistent organochlorines in the oceanic air and surface seawater and the role of ocean on their global transport and fate. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 (1993) 1080-1098
26. Iwata H., Tanabe S., Sakai N., Nishimura A., and Tatsukawa R. Geographical distribution of persistent organochlorines in air, water and sediments from Asia and Oceania, and their implications for global redistribution from lower latitudes. Environ. Pollut. 85 (1994) 15-33
27. Jaward T.M., Zhang G., Nam J.J., Sweetman A.J., Obbard J.P., Kobara Y., and Jones K.C. Passive air sampling of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine compounds, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers across Asia. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 8638-8645
28. Jones K.C., and De Voogt P. Persistent organic pollutants (SVOCs): state of science. Environ. Pollut. 100 (1999) 209-221
29. Kannan K., Tanabe S., and Tatsukawa R. Geographical distribution and accumulation features of organochlorine residues in fish in Tropical Asia and Oceania. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29 (1995) 2673-2683
30. Karthikeyan S., Balasubramanian R., and See S.W. Optimization and validation of a low temperature microwave-assisted extraction method for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter. Talanta 69 (2006) 79-86
31. Lee R.G.M., Burnett V., Harner T., and Jones K.C. Short term temperature dependent naphthalenes and organochlorine pesticides. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (2000) 269-288
32. Lee K.H., Kim Y.J., and Kim J.J. Characteristics of aerosol observed during two severe haze events over Korea in June and October 2004. Atmos. Environ. 40 (2006) 5146-5155
33. Li Y.F. Global technical hexachlorocyclohexane usage and its contamination consequences in the environment: from 1994 to 1997. Sci. Total Environ. 232 (1999) 121-158
34. Li J., Zhang G., Guo L.L., Xu W.H., Li X.D., Lee C.S.L., Ding A.J., and Wang T. Organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere of Guangzhou and Hongkong: regional sources and long-range atmospheric transport. Atmos. Environ. 41 (2007) 3889-3903
35. Lowenbach, W.A., 2002. Allocation of PCB Sources at a scrap metal yard. Science and Technology Committee Newsletter Archive, 3 (available online).
36. Miguel A.H., Eiguren-Fernandez A., Jaques P.A., Froines J.R., Grant B.L., Mayo P.R., and Sioutas C. Seasonal variation of the particle size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and of major aerosol species in Claremont, California. Atmos. Environ. 38 20 (2004) 3241-3251
37. Minh T.B., Kunisue T., Yen T.H., Watanabe M., Tanabe S., Hue N.D., and Qui V. Persistent organochlorine residues and their bioaccumulation profile in resident and migratory birds from Norht Vietnam. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21 (2002) 2108-2118
38. Monirith I., Ueno D., Takahashi S., Nakata H., Sudaryanto A., Subramanian A., Karuppiah S., Ismail A., Muchtar M., Zheng J.S., Richardson B.J., Prudente M., Hue N.D., Tana T.S., Tkalin A.V., and Tanabe S. Asia-Pacific mussel watch: monitoring contamination of persistent organochlorine compounds in coastal waters of Asian countries. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46 (2003) 281-300
39. Muir D.C.G., Teixeira C., and Wania F. Empirical and modeling evidence of regional atmospheric transport of current-use pesticide. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23 (2004) 2421-2432
40. Murayama H., Takase Y., Mitobe H., Mukai H., Ohzeki T., Shimizu K., and Kitayama Y. Seasonal change of persistent organic pollutant concentrations in air at Niigata Area, Japan. Chemosphere 52 (2003) 683-694
41. National Environmental Agency (NEA) of Singapore, 2009. Climatology of Singapore. .
42. Offenberg J.H., and Baker J.E. Polychlorinated biphenyls in Chicago precipitation: enhanced wet deposition to near-shore lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31 (1997) 1534-1538
43. Oskam I.C., Ropstad E., Lie E., Derocher A.E., Wiig Ø., Dahl E., Larsen S., and Skaare J.U. Organochlorines affect the steroid hormone cortisol in free-ranging polar bears (ursus Maritimus) at Svalbard, Norway. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 67 (2004) 959-977
44. Pankow J.F., and Bidleman T.F. Interdependence of the slopes and intercepts from log-log correlations of measured gas-particle partitioning and vapor pressure-I. Theory and analysis of available data. Atmos. Environ. 26A (1992) 1071-1080
45. Panther B.C., Hooper M.A., and Tapper N.J. A comparison of air particulate matter and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some tropical and temperate urban environments. Atmos. Environ. 33 (1999) 4087-4099
46. Poster D.L., and Baker J.E. Influence of submicron particles on hydrophobic organic contaminants in precipitation. 1. concentrations and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in rainwater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1996) 341-348
47. Poster D.L., and Baker J.E. Influence of submicron particles on hydrophobic organic contaminants in precipitation. 2. Scavenging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by rain. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1996) 349-354
48. Riget F., Dietz R., Vorkamp K., Johansen P., and Muir D. Levels and spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in Greenland biota: an updated review. Sci. Total Environ. 331 (2004) 29-52
49. Rolph, G.D., 2003. Real-time Environmental Applications and Display sYstem (READY) Website.NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, USA. .
50. See S.W., Balasubramanian R., Rianawati E., Karthikeyan S., and Streets D.G. Characterization and source apportionment of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in Sumatra, Indonesia, during a recent peat fire episode. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 3488-3494
51. Shimadzu, 2005. Sensitive analysis using high-pressure injection mode. GC-MS application Data Sheet No.3 (Environment).
52. Simcik M.F., Hoff R.M., Strachan W.M.J., Sweet C.W., Basu I., and Hites R.A. Temporal trends of semivolatile organic contaminants in Great Lakes precipitation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (2000) 361-367
53. Stern G.A., Halsall C.J., and Barrie L.A. Polychlorinated biphenyls in Arctic air. 1. Temporal and spatial trends: 1992-1994. Environ. Sci. Technol 31 (1997) 3619-3628
54. Stohl A. Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories - a review and bibliography. Atmos. Environ. 32 (1998) 947-966
55. Stohl A., and Seibert P. Accuracy of trajectories as determined from the conservation of meteorological tracers. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 124 (1998) 1465-1484
56. Takase Y., Murayama H., Mitobe H., Aoki T., Yagoh H., Shibuya N., Shimizu K., and Kitayama Y. Persistent organic pollutants in rain at Niigata. Japan. Atmos. Environ. 37 (2003) 4077-4085
57. Tan J., Cheng S.M., Loganath A., Chong Y.S., and Obbard J.P. Selected organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in house dust in Singapore. Chemosphere 68 (2007) 1675-1682
58. UNEP, U.N.E.P., 2002. Regionally based assessment of persistent toxic substances. South East Asia and South Pacific. UNEP Chemical 11-13, chemin desAnémones, CH-1219 Châtelaine, GE. Switzerland. Report accessible via UNEP website.
59. Wang J., Guo L., Li J., Zhang G., Lee C.S.C., Li X., Jone K.C., Xiang Y., and Zhong L. Passive air sampling of DDT, chlordane and HCB in the Pearl River Delta, South China: implications to regional sources. J. Environ. Monit. 9 (2007) 582-588
60. Wania F., and Mackay D. Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 9 (1996) 390A-396A
61. Willet K.L., Ulrich E.M., and Hites R.A. Differential toxicity and environmental fates of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (1998) 2197-2207
62. Wurl O., and Obbard J.P. Organochlorine compounds in the marine atmosphere of Singapore. Atmos. Environ. 39 (2005) 7207-7216
63. Yang Y.Y., Li D.L., and Mu D.H. Levels, seasonal variations and sources of organochlorine pesticides in ambient air of Guangzhou. China. Atmos. Environ. 42 (2008) 677-687
64. Yao Z.W., Jiang G.B., and Xu H.Z. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in seawater of the Bering and Chukchi Sea. Environ. Pollut. 116 (2002) 49-56
65. Yeo H.G., Choi M., Chun M.Y., Kim T.W., Cho K.C., and Sunwoo Y. Concentration characteristics of atmospheric PCBs for urban and rural area, Korea. Sci. Total Environ. 324 (2004) 261-270
66. Yunker M.B., Snowdon L.R., Macdonald R.W., Smith J.N., Fowler M.G., Skibo D.N., McLaughlin F.A., Danyushevskaya A.I., Petrova V.I., and Ivanov G.I. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition and potential sources for sediment samples from the Beaufort and Barents Seas. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 (1996) 1310-1320
67. Yunker M.B., Macdonald R.W., Brewer R., Mitchell R.H., Goyette D., and Sylvester S. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Org. Geochem. 33 (2002) 489-515