Edelman's equation is valid in acute hyponatremia in a porcine model: Plasma sodium concentration is determined by external balances of water and cations

American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Volumn 298, Issue 1, 2010, Pages

  Overgaard Steensen, Christian ^a   Larsson, Anders ^b   Bluhme, Henrik ^a   Tønnesen, Else ^a   Frøkiær, Jørgen ^a,c   Ring, Troels ^d  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^d AALBORG UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Animal model; Desmopressin acetate; Exchangeable sodium; Regulatory volume decrease; Total body water

Indexed keywords

DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE; GLUCOSE; POTASSIUM ION; SODIUM; SODIUM ION;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE MODEL; FEMALE; FLUID BALANCE; HYPONATREMIA; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NONHUMAN; PLASMA OSMOLALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL; SODIUM TRANSPORT; SWINE;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANIMALS; ANTIDIURETIC AGENTS; CATIONS; DEAMINO ARGININE VASOPRESSIN; FEMALE; HYPONATREMIA; MODELS, ANIMAL; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; SWINE; TIME FACTORS; WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE;

EID: 73549108945     PISSN: 03636119     EISSN: 15221490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00412.2009     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 342: 1581-1589, 2000.
2. Ayus JC, Achinger SG, Arieff A. Brain cell volume regulation in hyponatremia: role of sex, age, vasopressin, and hypoxia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295: F619-F624, 2008.
3. Ayus JC, Armstrong D, Arieff AI. Hyponatremia with hypoxia: effects on brain adaptation, perfusion, and histology in rodents. Kidney Int 69: 1319-1325, 2006.
4. Barsoum NR, Levine BS. Current prescriptions for the correction of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: are they too simple? Nephrol Dial Transplant 17: 1176-1180, 2002.
5. Bates D, Maechler M, Dai B. lme4: Linear Mixed-effects Models Using S4 Classes. R package (R package version 0.999375-27) (Online). http: //lme4.r-forge.r-project.org [5-25-2009].
6. Boling EA, Lipkind JB. Body composition and serum electrolyte concentrations. J Appl Physiol 18: 943-949, 1963.
7. Brochner-Mortensen J, Giese J, Rossing N. Renal inulin clearance versus total plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 23: 301-305, 1969.
8. Bruce RA, Merendino KA, Dunning MF, Scribner BH, Donohue D, Carlsen ER, Cummins J. Observations on hyponatremia following mitral valve surgery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 100: 293-302, 1955.
9. Chan WY. A study on the mechanism of vasopressin escape: effects of chronic vasopressin and overhydration on renal tissue osmolality and electrolytes in dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 184: 244-251, 1973.
10. Deming Q, Gerbode F. Observations on sodium balance in patients undergoing mitral valvotomy. Surg Forum 4: 18-22, 1953.
11. Edelman IS, Leibman J, O'Meara MP, Birkenfeld LW. Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water. J Clin Invest 37: 1236-1256, 1958.
12. Forbes GB, Perley A. Estimation of total body sodium by isotopic dilution. II. Studies on infants and children: an example of a constant differential growth ratio. J Clin Invest 30: 566-574, 1951.
13. Gowrishankar M, Chen CB, Cheema-Dhadli S, Steele A, Halperin ML. Hyponatremia in the rat in the absence of positive water balance. J Am Soc Nephrol 8: 524-529, 1997.
14. Gowrishankar M, Chen CB, Mallie JP, Halperin ML. What is the impact of potassium excretion on the intracellular fluid volume: importance of urine anions. Kidney Int 50: 1490-1495, 1996.
15. Gross PA, Anderson RJ. Effects of DDAVP and AVP on sodium and water balance in conscious rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 243: R512-R519, 1982.
16. Guglielminotti J, Tao S, Maury E, Fierobe L, Mantz J, Desmonts JM. Hyponatremia after hip arthroplasty may be related to a translocational rather than to a dilutional mechanism. Crit Care Med 31: 442-448, 2003.
17. Hannon JP, Bossone CA, Wade CE. Normal physiological values for conscious pigs used in biomedical research. Lab Anim Sci 40: 293-298, 1990.
18. Heer M, Baisch F, Kropp J, Gerzer R, Drummer C. High dietary sodium chloride consumption may not induce body fluid retention in humans. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 278: F585-F595, 2000.
19. Hoffmann EK, Lambert IH, Pedersen SF. Physiology of cell volume regulation in vertebrates. Physiol Rev 89: 193-277, 2009.
20. Hoffmann EK, Simonsen LO. Membrane mechanisms in volume and pH regulation in vertebrate cells. Physiol Rev 69: 315-382, 1989.
21. Hutchin P, McLaughlin JS, Hayes MA. Renal response to acidosis during anesthesia and operation. I. The effect of acute dilutional hyponatremia on hydrogen ion and free water excretion during metabolic acidosis in anesthetized dogs. Ann Surg 154: 9-28, 1961.
22. Johnson DR, Poston JW, Auxier JA, Brown DG, Gramly WA, Gibbs WD, Hodges HD, Davy DR. "Total" and "exchangeable" sodium studies in swine and sheep using activation analysis and isotopic dilution. Health Phys 18: 729-731, 1970.
23. Johnson MD, Kinter LB, Beeuwkes R III. Effects of AVP and DDAVP on plasma renin activity and electrolyte excretion in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 236: F66-F70, 1979.
24. Kurtz I, Nguyen MK. A simple quantitative approach to analyzing the generation of the dysnatremias. Clin Exp Nephrol 7: 138-143, 2003.
25. Kurtz I, Nguyen MK. Evolving concepts in the quantitative analysis of the determinants of the plasma water sodium concentration and the pathophysiology and treatment of the dysnatremias. Kidney Int 68: 1982-1993, 2005.
26. Liamis G, Kalogirou M, Saugos V, Elisaf M. Therapeutic approach in patients with dysnatraemias. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 1564-1569, 2006.
27. Lohr JW, Grantham JJ. Isovolumetric regulation of isolated S2 proximal tubules in anisotonic media. J Clin Invest 78: 1165-1172, 1986.
28. Mallie JP, Ait-Djaffer Z, Laroche F, Mario J, Perrier JC, Voltz C, Halperin ML. Variations in plasma sodium concentration in post-operative patients depend on an electrolyte-free water balance, part of a tonicity balance. Clin Nephrol 49: 287-292, 1998.
29. Melton JE, Patlak CS, Pettigrew KD, Cserr HF. Volume regulatory loss of Na, Cl, and K from rat brain during acute hyponatremia. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 252: F661-F669, 1987.
30. Mitchell AP, Scholz AM, Mersmann HJ. Growth and body composition. In: Biology of the Domestic Pig, edited by Pond WG and Mersmann HJ. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001, p. 225-308.
31. Mohmand HK, Issa D, Ahmad Z, Cappuccio JD, Kouides RW, Sterns RH. Hypertonic saline for hyponatremia: risk of inadvertent overcorrection. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2: 1110-1117, 2007.
32. Nielsen TW, Maaske CA, Booth NH. Some comparative aspects of porcine renal function. In: Swine in Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Symposium at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington, July 19-22, 1965, edited by Bustad L, McClellan RO, and Burns MP. Seattle, WA: Frayn, 1966, p. 529-536.
33. Noakes TD, Sharwood K, Speedy D, Hew T, Reid S, Dugas J, Almond C, Wharam P, Weschler L. Three independent biological mechanisms cause exercise-associated hyponatremia: evidence from 2,135 weighed competitive athletic performances. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 18550-18555, 2005.
34. O'Meara MP, Birkenfeld LW, Gotch FA, Edelman IS. The equilibration of radiosodium (Na24), radiopotassium (K42), and deuterium oxide (D2O) in hydropic human subjects. J Clin Invest 36: 784-792, 1957.
35. Ortenblad N, Young JF, Oksbjerg N, Nielsen JH, Lambert IH. Reactive oxygen species are important mediators of taurine release from skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284: C1362-C1373, 2003.
36. Reece WO. The kidneys. In: Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals, edited by Dukes HH, Swenson MJ, and Reece WO. Ithaca, NY: Comstock, 1993, p. 573-603.
37. Rose BD. New approach to disturbances in the plasma sodium concentration. Am J Med 81: 1033-1040, 1986.
38. Schrier RW, Bansal S. Diagnosis and management of hyponatremia in acute illness. Curr Opin Crit Care 14: 627-634, 2008.
39. Seeliger E, Ladwig M, Reinhardt HW. Are large amounts of sodium stored in an osmotically inactive form during sodium retention? Balance studies in freely moving dogs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R1429-R1435, 2006.
40. Shizgal HM, Spanier AH, Humes J, Wood CD. Indirect measurement of total exchangeable potassium. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 233: F253-F259, 1977.
41. Smith MJ Jr, Cowley MJ Jr, Guyton AC, and Manning RD Jr. Acute and chronic effects of vasopressin on blood pressure, electrolytes, and fluid volumes. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 237: F232-F240, 1979.
42. Steele A, Gowrishankar M, Abrahamson S, Mazer CD, Feldman RD, Halperin ML. Postoperative hyponatremia despite near-isotonic saline infusion: a phenomenon of desalination. Ann Intern Med 126: 20-25, 1997.
43. Sterns RH, Silver SM. Brain volume regulation in response to hypo-osmolality and its correction. Am J Med 119: S12-S16, 2006.
44. Strange K. Cellular volume homeostasis. Adv Physiol Educ 28: 155-159, 2004.
45. Swindle MM. Urinary system and adrenal glands. In: Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2007, p. 157-174.
46. + storage in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 285: F1108-F1117, 2003.
47. Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med 119: S30-S35, 2006.
48. Verbalis JG. An experimental model of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 247: E540-E553, 1984.
49. Verbalis JG. Pathogenesis of hyponatremia in an experimental model of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 267: R1617-R1625, 1994.
50. Verbalis JG. Whole-body volume regulation and escape from antidiuresis. Am J Med 119: S21-S29, 2006.
51. Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Schrier RW, Sterns RH. Hyponatremia treatment guidelines 2007: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med 120: S1-S21, 2007.
52. Verbalis JG, Gullans SR. Hyponatremia causes large sustained reductions in brain content of multiple organic osmolytes in rats. Brain Res 567: 274-282, 1991.