A genetic analysis of the impact of generation time and road-based habitat fragmentation on Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene c. carolina)

Copeia

Volumn , Issue 4, 2009, Pages 647-652

  Marsack, Kelly ^a   Swanson, Bradley J ^a  

^a CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLELE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; EXTINCTION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC VARIATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HUMAN ACTIVITY; POPULATION BOTTLENECK; POPULATION DECLINE; SPECIES CONSERVATION; TURTLE;

MICHIGAN; UNITED STATES;

TERRAPENE; TERRAPENE CAROLINA; TESTUDINES;

EID: 73449105784     PISSN: 00458511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1643/CE-08-233     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Anderson, L. W., K. Fog, and C. Damgaard. 2004. Habitat fragmentation causes bottlenecks and inbreeding in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271:1293-1302.
2. Aresco, M. J. 2005. Mitigation measures to reduce highway mortality of turtles and other herpetofauna at a north Florida lake. Journal of Wildlife Management 69:549-560.
3. Bowen, B. W., A. L. Bass, L. Soares, and R. J. Toonen. 2005. Conservation implications of complex population structure: lessons from the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). Molecular Ecology 14:2389-2402.
4. Brook, B. W., D. W. Tonkyn, J. J. O'Grady, and R. Frankham. 2002. Contribution of inbreeding to extinction risk in threatened species. Conservation Ecology 6:16.
5. Ciofi, C., M. C. Milinkovitch, J. P. Gibbs, A. Caccone, and J. R. Powell. 2002. Microsatellite analysis of genetic divergence of giant Galápagos tortoises. Molecular Ecology 11:2265-2283.
6. Clark, A. M., B. W. Bowen, and L. C. Branch. 1999. Effects of natural fragmentation on an endemic scrub lizard (Sceloporus woodi): an historical perspective based on mitochondrial DNA gene genealogy. Molecular Ecology 8:1093-1104.
7. Claussen, D. L., P. M. Daniel, S. Jiang, and N. A. Adams. 1991. Hibernation in the eastern box turtle, Terrapene c. carolina. Journal of Herpetology 25:334-341.
8. Converse, S. J., J. B. Iverson, and J. A. Savidge. 2005. Demographics of an ornate box turtle population experiencing minimal human-induced disturbances. Ecological Applications 15:2171-2179.
9. Cornuet, J. M., and G. Luikart. 1996. Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks fromallele frequency data. Genetics 144:2001-2014.
10. Couvet, D. 2001. Deleterious effects of restricted gene flow in fragmented populations. Conservation Biology 16: 369-376.
11. Cunningham, J., E. H. W. Baard, E. H. Harley, and C O'Ryan. 2002. Investigation of genetic diversity in fragmented geometric tortoise (Psammobates geometricus) populations. Conservation Genetics 3:215-223.
12. Dodd, C. K., Jr. 2001. North American Box Turtles: A Natural History. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma.
13. Dodd, C. K., Jr., A. Ozgul, and M. K. Oli. 2006. The influence of disturbance events on survival and dispersal rates of Florida box turtles. Ecological Applications 16:1936-1944.
14. Doroff, A. M., and L. B. Keith. 1990. Demography and ecology of an ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata) population in south-central Wisconsin. Copeia 1990: 387-399.
15. Driscoll, D. A. 2004. Extinction and outbreaks accompany fragmentation of a reptile community. Ecological Applications 14:220-240.
16. Edenhamn, P., M. Höggren, and A. Carlson. 2000. Genetic diversity and fitness in peripheral and central populations of the European tree frog Hyla arborea. Hereditas 133: 115-122.
17. Edwards, T., C. R. Schwalbe, D. E. Swann, and C. S. Goldberg. 2004. Implications of anthropogenic landscape changes on inter-population movements of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Conservation Genetics 5: 485-499.
18. Excoffier, L., G. Laval, and S. Schneider. 2005. Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 1:47-50. http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3/
19. Fahrig, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:487-515.
20. Fahrig, L., and G. Merriam. 2002. Conservation of fragmented populations. Conservation Biology 8:50-59.
21. Frankham, R. 1995. Inbreeding and extinction: a threshold effect. Conservation Biology 9:792-799.
22. Frankham, R. 1998. Inbreeding and extinction: island populations. Conservation Biology 12:665-675.
23. Garza, J. C., and E. G. Williamson. 2001. Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci. Molecular Ecology 10:305-318.
24. Gibbons, J. W. 1998. Turtle population studies. Carolina Tips 51:45-47.
25. Gibbs, J. P. 2001. Demography versus habitat fragmentation as determinants of genetic variation in wildlife populations. Biological Conservation 100:15-20.
26. Gibbs, J. P., and W. G. Shriver. 2002. Estimating the effects of road mortality on turtle populations. Conservation Biology 16:1647-1652.
27. Gray, E. M. 1995. DNA fingerprinting revels a lack of genetic variation in northern populations of the western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata). Conservation Biology 9: 1244-1255.
28. Harding, J. H. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
29. Hedrick, P. W., and A. T. Kalinowski. 2000. Inbreeding depression in conservation biology. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 31:139-162.
30. Howeth, J. G., S. E. McGaugh, and D. A. Hendrickson. 2008. Contrasting demographic and genetic estimates of dispersal in the endangered Coahuilan box turtle: a contemporary approach to conservation. Molecular Ecology 17:4209-4221.
31. Kiester, A. R., C. W. Schwartz, and E. R. Schwartz. 1982. Promotion of gene flow by transient individuals in an otherwise sedentary population of box turtles (Terrapene carolina triunguis). Evolution 36:617-619.
32. King, T. L., and S. E. Julian. 2004. Conservation of microsatellite DNA flanking sequence across 13 emydid genera assayed with novel bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) loci. Conservation Genetics 5:719-725.
33. Klemens, M. W. 2000. Turtle Conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
34. Kuo, C. H., and F. J. Janzen. 2004. Genetic effects of a persistent bottleneck on a natural population of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata). Conservation Genetics 5:425-437.
35. Lacy, R. C. 1993. Impacts of inbreeding in natural and captive populations of vertebrates: implications for conservation. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 36: 480-496.
36. Luikart, G., F. W. Allendorf, J. M. Cornuet, and W. B. Sherwin. 1998. Distortion of allele frequency distributions provides a test for recent population bottlenecks. The Journal of Heredity 89:238-247.
37. Luikart, G., and J. M. Cornuet. 1996. Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data. Genetics 144: 2001-2014.
38. Lynch, M., J. Conery, and R. Burger. 1995. Mutation accumulation and the extinction of small populations. The American Naturalist 146:489-518.
39. MacGowan, B. J., B. A. Kingsbury, and R. N. Williams. 2004. Turtles of Indiana. Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service Publication, West Lafayette, Indiana.
40. MacNally, R., and G. W. Brown. 2001. Reptiles and habitat fragmentation in the box-ironbark forests of central Victoria, Australia: predictions, compositional change and faunal nestedness. Oecologia 128:116-125.
41. Marchand, M. N., and J. A. Litvaitis. 2004. Effects of habitat features and landscape composition on the population structure of a common aquatic turtle in a region undergoing rapid development. Conservation Biology 18:758-767.
42. Merriam, G., M. Kozakiewicz, E. Tsuchiva, and K. Hawley. 1989. Barriers as boundaries for metapopulations and demes of Peromyscus leucopus in farm landscapes. Landscape Ecology 2:227-235.
43. Michel, A. P., O. Grushko, W. M. Guelbeogo, N. Sagnon, C. Costantini, and N. J. Besansky. 2006. Effective population size of Anopheles funestus chromosomal forms in Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal 5:115.
44. Mitchell, J. C., and M. W. Klemens. 2000. Primary and secondary effects of habitat alteration, p. 5-32. In: Turtle Conservation. M. W. Klemens (ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
45. Nichols, J. T. 1939. Data on size, growth and age in the box turtle, Terrapene carolina. Copeia 1939:14-20.
46. O'Brien, S. J., and J. F. Evermann. 1988. Interactive influence of infectious disease and genetic diversity in natural populations. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 3:254-259.
47. Ohta, T., and M. Kimura. 1973. The model mutation appropriate to estimate the number of electrophoretically detectable alleles in a genetic population. Genetic Research 22:201-204.
48. Paetkau, D., R. Slade, M. Burden, and A. Estoup. 2004. Genetic assignment methods for the direct, real-time estimation of migration rate: a simulation-based exploration of accuracy and power. Molecular Ecology 13:55-65.
49. Paetkau, D., L. P. Waits, P. L. Clarkson, L. Craighead, and C. Strobeck. 1997. An empirical evaluation of genetic distance statistics using microsatellite data from bear (Ursidae) populations. Genetics 147:1943-1957.
50. Piry, S., A. Alapetite, J.-M. Cornuet, D. Paetkau, L. Baudouin, and A. Estoup. 2004. GeneClass2: A Software for Genetic Assignment and First-Generation Migrant Detection. Journal of Heredity 95:536-539.
51. Piry, S., G. Luikart, and J.-M. Cornuet. 1999. BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data. Journal of Heredity 90:502-503.
52. Pritchard, J. K., M. Stephens, and P. Donnelly. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155:945-959.
53. Ralls, K., J. D. Ballou, and A. Templeton. 1988. Estimates of lethal equivalents and the cost of inbreeding in mammals. Conservation Biology 2:185-193.
54. Richtsmeier, R. J., N. P. Bernstein, J. W. Demastes, and R. W. Black. 2008. Migration, gene flow, and genetic diversity within and among Iowa populations of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7:3-11.
55. Rowe, G., and T. J. C. Beebee. 2003. Population on the verge of a mutational meltdown? Fitness costs of genetic load for an amphibian in the wild. Evolution 57:177-181.
56. Ryan, K. K., R. C. Lacy, and S. W. Margulis. 2003. Impacts of inbreeding on components of reproductive success, p. 82-96. In: Reproductive Science and Integrated Conservation. J. C. Rodger and D. E. Wildt (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
57. Schwartz, E. R. 2000. Update on permanent residency, and longevity in a 35-year study of a population of three-toed box turtles in Missouri. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 3:738-743.
58. Schwartz, E. R., and C. W. Schwartz. 1991. A quarter century study of survivorship in a population of threetoed box turtles in Missouri. Copeia 1991:1120-1123.
59. Slatkin, M. 2005. Seeing ghosts: the effect of unsampled populations on migration rates estimated for sampled populations. Molecular Ecology 14:67-73.
60. Steen, D. A., and J. P. Gibbs. 2003. Effects of roads on the structure of freshwater turtle populations. Conservation Biology 18:1143-1148.
61. Stickel, L. F. 1978. Change in a box turtle population during three decades. Copeia 1978:221-225.
62. Stickel, L. F. 1989. Home range behavior among box turtles (Terrapene c. carolina ) of a bottomland forest in Maryland. Journal of Herpetology 23:40-44.
63. Stow, A. J., P. Sunnucks, D. A. Briscoe, and M. G. Gardner. 2001. The impact of habitat fragmentation on dispersal of Cunningham's skink (Egernia cunninghami): evidence from allelic and genotypic analyses of microsatellites. Molecular Ecology 10:867-878.
64. Tajima, F. 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123:585-595.
65. Temple, S. A. 1987. Predation on turtle nests increases near ecological edges. Copeia 1987:250-252. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
66. Administration. 2006. Highway statistics series table VM-2. Washington, D.C. http://fhwainter.fhwa.dot.gov/ policy/ohpi/qftravel.htm
67. Vos, C. C., and J. P. Chardon. 1998. Effects of habitat fragmentation and road density on the distribution pattern of the moor frog Rana arvalis. Journal of Applied Ecology 35:44-56.
68. Williams, E. C., and W. S. Parker. 1987. A long-term study of a box turtle (Terrapene carolina) population at the Allee Memorial Woods, Indiana, with emphasis on survivorship. Herpetologica 43:328-335.
69. Wilson, G. L., and C. H. Ernst. 2005. Reproductive ecology of the Terrapene carolina carolina (Eastern Box Turtle) in Central Virginia. Southeastern Naturalist 4:689-702.
70. Wright, S. 1965. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution 19:395-420.