Laser-initiated ignition

Laser and Photonics Reviews

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 99-122

  Tauer, Johannes ^a   Kofler, Heinrich ^a   Wintner, Ernst ^a  

^a VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Diode pumped solid state lasers; Fiber based laser technology; Laser ignition of engines; Laser plasma generation; Laser initiated combustion

Indexed keywords

DIODE PUMPED SOLID STATE LASER; LASER IGNITION; LASER IGNITION OF ENGINES; LASER PLASMA; LASER TECHNOLOGIES; LASER-INITIATED COMBUSTION;

DIODES; IGNITION; LASER BEAMS; LASER PRODUCED PLASMAS; LASERS; NEODYMIUM LASERS; OPTICAL FIBERS; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; SMOKE; SOLID STATE LASERS; TEXTILE FIBERS;

PUMPING (LASER);

COMBUSTION; ENGINES; FIBER OPTICS; IGNITION; LASERS; SMOKE; TEXTILE FIBERS;

EID: 73349134053     PISSN: 18638880     EISSN: 18638899     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/lpor.200810070     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. M. Lackner, ed., Lasers in Chemistry: Probing and Influencing Matter (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008), p.1554.
2. H. Kofler, J. Tauer, and E. Wintner, Laser-induced ignition for combustion engines, in: Lasers in Chemistry - Probing and Influencing Matter, edited by M. Lackner (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008), p.1554.
3. N. Khan, Z. Saleem, and A.A. Mirza, Ignition study of a petrol/CNG single cylinder engine, Proceedings of Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing VI, Boston, MA, USA, SPIE Vol.5999 (2005).
4. G. Liedl, D. Schuocker, B. Geringer, J. Graf, D. Klawatsch, H.P. Lenz, W.F. Piock, M. Jetzinger, and P. Kapus, Laser induced ignition, in: Proceedings of the XVI. International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers, Gmunden, Austria, SPIE Vol.6346 (2006).
5. G. Liedl, D. Schuoecker, B. Geringer, J. Graf, D. Klawatsch, H.P. Lenz, W.F. Piock, M. Jetzinger, and P. Kapus, Laser-induced ignition of gasoline direct-injection engines, in: Proceedings of the XV. International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers, Prague, Czech Republic, SPIE, Vol.5777 (2005).
6. G. Herdin, J. Klausner, E. Wintner, M. Weinrotter, J. Graf, and K. Iskra, Laser ignition: a new concept to use and increase the potentials of gas engines, Proceedings of ASME, Ottawa, Canada, Vol. ICEF2005-1352 (2005).
7. M. Weinrotter, D.K. Srivastava, K. Iskra, J. Graf, H. Kopecek, J. Klausner, G. Herdin, and E. Wintner, Laser ignition of engines - a realistic option!, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Lasers, Applications, and Technologies 2005: High-Power Lasers and Applications, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2006, Proc. SPIE 6053 (2006).
8. B. Brooks, Mercedes gasoline engine cuts fuel use 29% below diesel, Automotive Industries AI 187(9), (2007).
9. M. Weinrotter, E. Wintner, K. Iskra, T. Neger, J. Olofsson, H. Seyfried, M. Aldén, M. Lackner, F. Winter, E. Vressner, A. Hultqvist, and B. Johansson, Optical Diagnostics of Laser-Induced and Spark Plug Assisted HCCI Combustion, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 1963, 129-140 (2005).
10. P.D. Ronney, Laser versus conventional ignition of flames, Opt. Eng. 33(2), 510-521 (1994).
11. T.X. Phuoc, Laser-induced spark ignition fundamental and applications, Opt. Lasers Eng. 44(5), 351-397 (2006).
12. D. Bradley, C.G.W. Sheppard, I.M. Suardjaja, and R. Wooley, Fundamentals of high-energy spark ignition with lasers, Combust. Flame 138(1-2), 55-77 (2004).
13. B. Bihari, S. B. Gupta, R.R. Sekar, J. Gingrich, and J. Smith, Development of advanced laser ignition system for stationary natural gas reciprocating engines, ASME Conf. Proc. 2005(47365), 601-608 (2005).
14. D. Graham-Rowe and R. Won, Lasers for engine ignition, Nature Photon. 2(9), 515-517 (2008).
15. D.L. McIntyre, S.D. Woodruff, D.J. Richardson, M.H. McMillian, and M. Gautam, Laser spark plug development, SAE Int. 01-1600, 1-12 (2007).
16. M.H. McMillian, D.J. Richardson, S.D. Woodruff, and D.L. McIntye, Laser-spark ignition testing in a natural gas-fueled single-cylinder engine, SAE Int. 01-0980, 1-13 (2004).
17. M. Weinrotter, G. Ast, H. Kopecek, and E. Wintner, An extensive comparison of laser-induced plasma ignition and conventional spark plug ignition of lean methane-air mixtures under engine-like conditions, SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 1972,248-256 (2005).
18. M. Weinrotter, H. Kopecek, and E. Wintner, Laser ignition of engines, Laser Phys. 15(7), 947-953 (2005).
19. A. Yalin, M. Defoort, and B. Willson, Fundamental Studies of Ignition Processes in large natural Gas Engines using Laser Spark Ignition, Report DE-FC26-02NT41335, National Energy Laboratory/Department of Energy (2005), pp.1-15.
20. A.P. Yalin, S. Joshi, M. DeFoort, and B. Willson, Towards multiplexed fiber delivered laser ignition for natural gas engines, Trans. ASME, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 130(4), 044502-4 (2008).
21. H. Kofler, Brennraumfenster - eine Schlüsselkomponente der laserinduzierten Zündung von Verbrennungskraftmotoren, Master thesis, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Vienna University of Technology (2005), p.82.
22. J. Graf, M. Weinrotter, H. Kopecek, and E. Wintner, Laser Ignition, Optics and Contamination of Optics in an I.C. Engine, ASME Conf. Proc. 2004(37467), 11-17 (2004).
23. A. Stakhiv, R. Gilber, H. Kopecek, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, Laser ignition of engines via optical fibers?, Laser Phys. Lett. 14(5), 738-747 (2004).
24. J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A.B. Fedotov, I.V. Fedotov, V.P. Mitrokhin, A.M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, High-throuput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers, Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444-448 (2007).
25. A. Yalin, M. Defoort, B. Willson, Y. Matsuura, and M. Miyagi, Use of hollow-core fibers to deliver nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses to form sparks in gases, Opt. Lett. 30(16),2083-2085 (2005).
26. D. Bäuerle, Laser Processing and Chemistry, 3. ed. (Springer, Berlin, 2000).
27. L.J. Radziemski and D. A. Cremers, Laser-Induced Plasmas and Applications, edited by B. J. Thompson (Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1989).
28. Y.P. Raizer, Gas Discharge Physics, (Springer, Berlin, 1991).
29. T.X. Phuoc, Laser spark ignition: experimental determination of laser-induced breakdown of combustion gases, Opt. Commun. 175(4), 419-423 (2000).
30. G.A. Reider, Photonik: eine Einführung in die Grundlagen, 2. ed. (Springer, Wien, 2005).
31. E.M. Lifschitz and L.P. Pitajewski, Physikalische Kinetik, edited by L. L. Dawidowitsch and L. J. Michailowitsch, 2. ed. (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1983).
32. H.R. Griem, Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997).
33. P. Chylek, M.A. Jarzembski, V. Srivastava, and R. Pinnick, Pressure Dependence of the Laser-Induced Break-down Thresholds of Gases and Droplets, Appl. Opt. 29(15), 2303-2306 (1990).
34. C.G. Morgan, Laser-induced breakdown of gases, Rep. Progr. Phys. 38(5), 621-665 (1975).
35. H. Kopecek, Laser Ignition of Gas Engines, Ph.D. thesis, TU Wien, Institut für Photonik, Vienna (2004), p.186.
36. S. Gross, Two-Color Laser Ignition, Master thesis, TU Wien, Institut für Photonik, Vienna (2008), p.70.
37. B.E.A. Saleh and M.C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (Wiley&Sons, New York, 2007).
38. G.H. Canavan and P.E. Nielsen, Focal spot size dependence of gas breakdown induced by particulate ionization, Appl. Phys. Lett. 22(8), 409-410 (1973).
39. D.E. Lencioni, The effect of dust on 10.6-μm laser-induced air breakdown, Appl. Phys. Lett. 23(1), 12-14 (1973).
40. D.C. Smith, Gas breakdown initiated by laser radiation interaction with aerosols and solid surfaces, J. Appl. Phys. 48(6),2217-2225 (1977).
41. M. Weinrotter, Laser Ignition of Internal Combustion Engines - Basic Laser and Ignition Optics Development, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna (2006), p.171.
42. E. Yablonovitch, Self-phase modulation of light in a laser-breakdown plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 32(20), 1101 (1974).
43. E. Yablonovitch, Self-phase modulation and short-pulse generation from laser-breakdown plasmas, Phys. Rev. A 10(5),1888 (1974).
44. T.X. Phuoc, Single-point versus multi-point laser ignition: experimental measurements of combustion times and pressures, Combust. Flame 122(4), 508-510 (2000).
45. H. Kopecek, M. Lackner, E. Wintner, F. Winter, and A. Hultgvist, Laser-Stimulated Ignition in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine, paper 01-0937, in: Proceedings of the SAE 2004 World Congress and Exhibition, Detroit, Michigan, USA (2004).
46. F.A. Williams, Combustion theory, 2nd ed. (Benjamin-Cummings, San Francisco, USA, 1985).
47. R. Günther, Verbrennung und Feuerungen (Springer, Berlin, 1984).
48. B. Lewis and G.v. Elbe, Combustion, flames and explosions of gases, 3rd ed. (Academic Press Inc., Orlando, 1987).
49. M. Weinrotter, B. Schwecherl, H. Kopecek, E. Wintner, J. Klausner, and G. Herdin, Laser-ignition of methane-air mixtures at high pressures and temperatures, in: Proceedings of the European Combustion Meeting, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 2005.
50. J. Graf, Laserzündung - Potenzial bei ottomotorischen Brennverfahren und Anforderungen für die praktische Umsetzung, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna (2006), p.189.
51. J.B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988).
52. C.C. Huang, S. S. Shy, C.C. Liu, and Y.Y. Yan, A transition on minimum ignition energy for lean turbulent methane combustion in flamelet and distributed regimes, Proc. Combust. Inst. 31(1), 1401-1409 (2007).
53. E. Schwarz, Properties of compact High-Power Solid-State Lasers, Master thesis, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna (2008), p.75.
54. F. Ferioli, Experimental Characterization of Laser-Induced Plasmas and Application to Gas Compositions Measurements, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA (2005), p.145.
55. D.H. McNeill, Minimum ignition energy for laser spark ignition, Proc. Combust. Inst. 30(2005), 2913-2920 (2005).
56. C. Forsich, M. Lackner, F. Winter, H. Kopecek, and E. Wintner, Characterization of laser-induced ignition of biogas-air mixtures, Biomass Bioenergy 27(3), 299-312 (2004).
57. M. Lackner, S. Charareh, F. Winter, K. Iskra, D. Rüdisser, T. Neger, H. Kopecek, and E. Wintner, Investigation of the early stages in laser-induced ignition by Schlieren photography and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, Opt. Express 12, 4546-4557 (2004).
58. J. Warnatz, U. Maas, and R.W. Dibble, Combustion: Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, Modeling and Simulation, Experiments, Pollutant Formation, 4.ed. (Springer, Berlin et. al., 2006).
59. Z. Friedemann, Gasmotoren (Vogel Verlag, Würzburg, 2001).
60. R. Pischinger, M. Klell, and T. Sams, Thermodynamik der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, edited by H. List, 2. ed. (Springer, Wien, 2002).
61. H. Kopecek, S. Charareh, M. Lackner, C. Forsich, F. Winter, J. Klausner, G. Herdin, M. Weinrotter, and E. Wintner, Laser ignition of methane-air mixtures at high pressures and diagnostics, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 127(1), 213-219 (2004).
62. M. Lackner, F. Winter, S. Charareh, K. Iskra, T. Neger, H. Kopecek, E. Wintner, J. Klausner, and G. Herdin, Optical diagnostics of laser ignition for future advanced engines, paper ICEF2004-872, in: Proceedings of the ASME Fall Technical Conference, Long Beach, California, 2004.
63. 3+ doped fused silica, Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA) 6453,1-12 (2007).
64. M.J. Weber, Handbook of Optical Materials (CRC Press, New York, 2003).
65. D.C. Harris, Durable 3-5μm transmitting infrared window materials, Infrared Phys. Technol. 39(4), 185-201 (1998).
66. Austrian Standards Institute, Pressure resistant circular sight glasses, OENORM M 7353, Ö sterreichisches Normungsinstitut Wien (2005).
67. H. Kopecek, M. Lackner, F. Winter, and E. Wintner, Laser-induced ignition of methane-air mixtures at pressures up to 4MPa, Laser Phys. 13(11), 1-5 (2003).
68. H. Kopecek, H. Maier, G. Reider, F. Winter, and E. Wintner, Laser ignition of methane-air mixtures at high pressures, Exper. Therm. Fluid Sci. 27, 499-503 (2003).
69. H. Kofler, J. Tauer, K. Iskra, G. Tartar, and E. Wintner, An innovative solid-state laser for engine ignition, Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 322-327 (2007).
70. M.H. McMillian, S.D. Woodruff, S.W. Richardson, and D.L. McIntyre, Laser spark ignition: Laser development and engine testing, in: Proceedings of the 2004 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division, Long Beach, CA, 2004.
71. B.C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A.M. Rubenchik, B.W. Shore, and M.D. Perry, Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74(12),2248-2251 (1995).
72. H. El-Rabii and G. Gaborel, Laser ignition of flammable mixtures via a solid core optical fiber, Appl. Phys. B, Lasers Opt. 87, 139-144 (2007).
73. T. Schmidt-Uhlig, P. Karlitschek, G. Marowsky, and Y. Sano, New simplified coupling scheme for the delivery of 20 MW Nd:YAG laser pulses by large core optical fibers, Appl. Phys. B, Lasers Opt. 72(2), 183-186 (2001).
74. R.E. Setchell, Laser injection optics for high-intensity transmission in multimode fibers, Proc. SPIE 4095, 74-84 (2000).
75. T.J. Stephens, High Peak Laser Pulses for Flow Measurement, Appl. Opt. 42(21), 4307-4314 (2003).
76. Y. Matsuura, K. Hanamoto, and S. Sato, Hollow-fiber delivery of high-power pulsed Nd:YAG laser light, Opt. Lett. 23(23),1858-1860 (1998).
77. Y. Matsuura and M. Miyagi, High-power hollow fibers, Proc. SPIE 3343, 222-227 (1998).
78. Y. Matsuura, T. Yamamoto, G. Takada, Y.-W. Shi, and M. Miyagi, Hollow fiber delivery of Q-switched multiple-order Nd:YAG laser light, Proc. SPIE 4158, 81-85 (2001).
79. Y. Matsuura, M. Miyagi, K. Shihoyama, and M. Kawachi, Delivery of femtosecond pulses by flexible hollow fibers, J. Appl. Phys. 91(2), 887-889 (2002).
80. Y. Matsuura, A. Tsuchiuchi, H. Noguchi, and M. Miyagi, Hollow fiber optics with improved durability for high-peak-power pulses of Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers, Appl. Opt. 46(8),1279-1282 (2007).
81. S. Joshi, A. Yalin, and A. Galvanauskas, Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases, Appl. Opt. 46(19), 4057-4064 (2007).
82. A. Yalin, S. Joshi, A. Reynolds, M. Defoort, B. Willson, A. Galvanauskas, Y. Matsuura, and M. Miyagi, Fiber delivered systems for laser ignition of natural gas engines, paper ICEF 2006-1574, in: Proceedings of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 2006 Fall Technical Conference, Sacramento, CA, 2006.
83. P. Russell, Photonic crystal fibers, Science 299(5605), 358-362 (2003).
84. J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, R.F. Cregan, P.S.J. Russell, and J.-P.d. Sandro, Photonic crystals as optical fibers-physics and applications, Opt. Mater. 11(2-3), 143-151 (1999).
85. S.O. Konorov, A.B. Fedotov, O.A. Kolelvlatova, V.I. Beloglazov, N.B. Skibina, A.V. Shcherbakov, E. Wintner, and A.M. Zheltikov, Laser breakdown with millijoule trains of picosecond pulse transmitted through a hollow-core photonic-crystal fibre, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys. 36(12), 1375-1381 (2003).
86. J.D. Shephard, F. Couny, P. S.J. Russell, J.D. C. Jones, J.C. Knight, and D.P. Hand, Improved hollow-core photonic crystal fiber design for delivery of nanosecond pulses in laser micromachining applications, Appl. Opt. 44(21), 4582-4588 (2005).
87. J.D. Shephard, J.D. C. Jones, D. P. Hand, G. Bouwmans, J.C. Knight, P.S.J. Russell, and B.J. Mangan, High energy nanosecond laser pulses delivered single-mode through hollow-core PBG fibers, Opt. Express 12(4), 717-723 (2004).
88. J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, H.L. Offerhaus, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, W. A. Clarkson, and D.J. Richardson, High-energy, high-power ytterbium-doped Q-switched fiber laser, Opt. Lett. 25(1), 37-39 (2000).
89. A. Piper, A. Malinowski, K. Furusawa, and D.J. Richardson, 1.2mJ, 37ns single-moded pulses at 10kHz repetition rate from a Q-switched ytterbium fiber laser, Electron. Lett. 40(15),928-930 (2004).
90. J. Limpert, N. Deguil-Robin, S. Petit, I. Manek-Hönninger, F. Salin, P. Rigail, C. Hönninger, and E. Mottay, High power Q-switched Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber laser producing sub-10 ns pulses, Appl. Phys. B, Lasers Opt. 81(1),19-21 (2005).
91. 3+:YAG Microchiplasers, in: Proceedings of the AMOP-Frühjahrstagung, Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2007.
92. M.Y. Cheng, Y.C. Chang, A. Galvanauskas, P. Mamidipudi, R. Changkakoti, and P. Gatchell, High-energy and high-peak-power nanosecond pulse generation with beam quality control in 200-μm core highly multimode Yb-doped fiber amplifiers, Opt. Lett. 30(4), 358-360 (2005).