Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment

Neurosurgical Focus

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2009, Pages

  Filippidis, Aristotelis ^a   Kapsalaki, Eftychia ^a   Patramani, Gianna ^a   Fountas, Kostas N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF LARISSA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; Magnetic resonance venography; Outcome; Prognosis

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

ADULT; BRAIN ANGIOGRAPHY; BRAIN VEIN; CEREBRAL SINUS THROMBOSIS; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CRANIOTOMY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROSURGERY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; RADIOGRAPHY; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; ANTICOAGULANTS; CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL VEINS; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL; CRANIOTOMY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; SINUS THROMBOSIS, INTRACRANIAL; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 73349096663     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10920684     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Agayev A, Yilmaz S. Images in clinical medicine. Cavernous sinus thrombosis. N Engl J Med 359:2266, 2008
2. Agnelli G, Verso M. Epidemiology of cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis. Front Neurol Neurosci 23:16-22, 2008
3. Alberti A, Venti M, Biagini S. Headache and cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis. Front Neurol Neurosci 23:89-95, 2008
4. Ameri A, Bousser MG. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Neurol Clin 10:87-111, 1992
5. Barnett HJ, Hyland HH. Noninfective intracranial venous thrombosis. Brain 76:36-49, 1953
6. Baumgartner RW, Studer A, Arnold M, Georgiadis D. Recanalisation of cerebral venous thrombosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:459-461, 2003
7. Biousse V, Ameri A, Bousser MG. Isolated intracranial hypertension as the only sign of cerebral venous thrombosis. Neurology 53:1537-1542, 1999
8. Bousser MG, Ferro JM. Cerebral venous thrombosis: an update. Lancet Neurol 6:162-170, 2007
9. Canhão P, Falcão F, Ferro JM. Thrombolytics for cerebral sinus thrombosis: a systematic review. Cerebrovasc Dis 15:159-166, 2003
10. Canhão P, Ferro JM, Lindgren AG, Bousser MG, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F, et al. Causes and predictors of death in cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke 36:1720-1725, 2005
11. Canhão P, Ferro JM, Stam J. Cerebral venous thrombosis, in Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds): Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008, pp 809-822
12. Cantú C, Barinagarrementeria F. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancy and puerperium. Review of 67 cases. Stroke 24:1880-1884, 1993
13. Chen WL, Chang SH, Chen JH, Wu YL. Isolated headache as the sole manifestation of dural sinus thrombosis: a case report with literature review. Am J Emerg Med 25:218-219, 2007
14. Chu K, Kang DW, Yoon BW, Roh JK: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance in cerebral venous thrombosis. Arch Neurol 58:1569-1576, 2001
15. Corvol JC, Oppenheim C, Manaï R, Logak M, Dormont D, Samson Y, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke 29: 2649-2652, 1998
16. Cumurciuc R, Crassard I, Sarov M, Valade D, Bousser MG. Headache as the only neurological sign of cerebral venous thrombosis: a series of 17 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1084-1087, 2005
17. de Bruijn SF, de Haan RJ, Stam J. Clinical features and prognostic factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a prospective series of 59 patients. For The Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Study Group. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70:105-108, 2001
18. de Bruijn SF, Stam J. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of anticoagulant treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin for cerebral sinus thrombosis. Stroke 30:484-488, 1999
19. de Bruijn SF, Stam J, Kappelle LJ. Thunderclap headache as first symptom of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. CVST Study Group. Lancet 348:1623-1625, 1996
20. de Bruijn SF, Stam J, Vandenbroucke JP. Increased risk of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with third-generation oral contraceptives. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Study Group. Lancet 351:1404, 1998
21. Dentali F. Natural history of cerebral vein thrombosis: a systematic review. Blood 108:1129-1134, 2006
22. Dentali F, Crowther M, Ageno W. Thrombophilic abnormalities, oral contraceptives, and risk of cerebral vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis. Blood 107:2766-2773, 2006
23. Deveber G, Andrew M, Adams C, Bjornson B, Booth F, Buckley DJ, et al. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children. N Engl J Med 345:417-423, 2001
24. Ebright JR, Pace MT, Niazi AF. Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. Arch Intern Med 161:2671-2676, 2001
25. Einhäupl K, Bousser MG, de Bruijn SF, Ferro JM, Martinelli I, Masuhr F, et al. EFNS guideline on the treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. Eur J Neurol 13:553-559, 2006
26. Einhäupl KM, Villringer A, Meister W, Mehraein S, Garner C, Pellkofer M, et al. Heparin treatment in sinus venous thrombosis. Lancet 338:597-600, 1991
27. Ferro JM. Causes, predictors of death, and antithrombotic treatment in cerebral venous thrombosis. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 4: 732-733, 2006
28. Ferro JM, Canhão P. Acute treatment of cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 10:126- 137, 2008
29. Ferro JM, Canhão P. Cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis. Pract Neurol 3:214-219, 2003
30. Ferro JM, Canhão P, Bousser MG, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F, ISCVT Investigators: Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis in elderly patients. Stroke 36:1927-1932, 2005
31. Ferro JM, Canhão P, Bousser MG, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F, ISCVT Investigators: Early seizures in cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: risk factors and role of antiepileptics. Stroke 39:1152-1158, 2008
32. Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, Bousser MG, Barinagarrementeria F, ISCVT Investigators: Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke 35:664-670, 2004
33. Ferro JM, Correia M, Pontes C, Baptista MV, Pita F. CVTPCSG (Venoport): Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis in Portugal: 1980-1998. Cerebrovasc Dis 11:177-182, 2001
34. Ferro JM, Lopes MG, Rosas MJ, Fontes J, Investigators V. Delay in hospital admission of patients with cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 19:152-156, 2005
35. Ferro JM, Morgado C, Sousa R, Canhão P. Interobserver agreement in the magnetic resonance location of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis. Eur J Neurol 14:353-356, 2007
36. Gadelha T, André C, Jucá AA, Nucci M. Prothrombin 20210A and oral contraceptive use as risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 19:49-52, 2005
37. Girot M, Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, Bousser MG, Barinagarrementeria F, et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 38:337-342, 2007
38. Gotoh M, Ohmoto T, Kuyama H. Experimental study of venous circulatory disturbance by dural sinus occlusion. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 124:120-126, 1993
39. Gowers WR. Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System, ed 2. London: Churchill, 1888
40. Heller C, Heinecke A, Junker R, Knöfler R, Kosch A, Kurnik K, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis in children: a multifactorial origin. Circulation 108:1362-1367, 2003
41. Jick SS, Jick H. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in users of four hormonal contraceptives: levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptives, norgestimate-containing oral contraceptives, desogestrel-containing oral contraceptives and the contraceptive patch. Contraception 74:290-292, 2006
42. Kalbag R, Woolf A. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. London: Oxford University Press, 1967
43. Khealani BA, Wasay M, Saadah M, Sultana E, Mustafa S, Khan FS, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis: a descriptive multicenter study of patients in Pakistan and Middle East. Stroke 39:2707-2711, 2008
44. Krayenbühl HA. Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. Clin Neurosurg 14:1-24, 1966
45. Lanska DJ, Kryscio RJ. Risk factors for peripartum and postpartum stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis. Stroke 31:1274-1282, 2000
46. Lanska DJ, Kryscio RJ. Stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis during pregnancy and puerperium. Neurology 51:1622- 1628, 1998
47. Leach JL, Fortuna RB, Jones BV, Gaskill-Shipley MF. Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis: current techniques, spectrum of findings, and diagnostic pitfalls. Radiographics 26 (1 Suppl):S19-S41, 2006
48. Lindgren A. Long-term prognosis of cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis. Front Neurol Neurosci 23:172-178, 2008
49. Lövblad KO, Bassetti C, Schneider J, Ozdoba C, Remonda L, Schroth G. Diffusion-weighted MRI suggests the coexistence of cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema in a case of deep cerebral venous thrombosis. Neuroradiology 42:728-731, 2000
50. Martinelli I, Taioli E, Palli D, Mannucci PM. Risk of cerebral vein thrombosis and oral contraceptives. Lancet 352:326, 1998
51. Masuhr F, Einhäupl K. Treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. Front Neurol Neurosci 23:132-143, 2008
52. Masuhr F, Mehraein S, Einhäupl K. Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. J Neurol 251:11-23, 2004
53. Mullen MT, Sansing LH, Hurst RW, Weigele JB, Polasani RS, Messé SR. Obstructive hydrocephalus from venous sinus thrombosis. Neurocrit Care 10:359-362, 2008
54. Nagpal RD. Dural sinus and cerebral venous thrombosis. Neurosurg Rev 6:155-160, 1983
55. Paciaroni M, Palmerini F, Bogousslavsky J. Clinical presentations of cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis. Front Neurol Neurosci 23:77-88, 2008
56. Poon CS, Chang JK, Swarnkar A, Johnson MH, Wasenko J. Radiologic diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis: pictorial review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:S64-S75, 2007
57. Renowden S. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Eur Radiol 14:215-226, 2004
58. Saadatnia M, Tajmirriahi M. Hormonal contraceptives as a risk factor for cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. Acta Neurol Scand 115:295-300, 2007
59. Sébire G, Tabarki B, Saunders DE, Leroy I, Liesner R, Saint-Martin C, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and outcome. Brain 128:477-489, 2005
60. Stam J. Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis: incidence and causes. Adv Neurol 92:225-232, 2003
61. Stam J. Sinus thrombosis should be treated with anticoagulation. Arch Neurol 65:984-985, 2008
62. Stam J. Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. N Engl J Med 352:1791-1798, 2005
63. Stam J, de Bruijn SF, Deveber G. Anticoagulation for cerebral sinus thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD002005, 2002
64. Stolz E, Rahimi A, Gerriets T, Kraus J, Kaps M. Cerebral venous thrombosis: an all or nothing disease? Prognostic factors and long-term outcome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107:99-107, 2005
65. Stolz E, Trittmacher S, Rahimi A, Gerriets T, Röttger C, Siekmann R, et al. Influence of recanalization on outcome in dural sinus thrombosis: a prospective study. Stroke 35:544-547, 2004
66. van Dongen CJ, van den Belt AG, Prins MH, Lensing AW. Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD001100, 2004
67. Villringer A, Mehraein S, Einhäupl KM. Pathophysiological aspects of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (SVT). J Neuroradiol 21:72-80, 1994
68. Wasay M, Bakshi R, Bobustuc G, Kojan S, Sheikh Z, Dai A, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis: analysis of a multicenter cohort from the United States. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 17:49-54, 2008
69. Wasay M, Dai AI, Ansari M, Shaikh Z, Roach ES. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: a multicenter cohort from the United States. J Child Neurol 23:26-31, 2008
70. White JB, Kaufmann TJ, Kallmes DF. Venous sinus thrombosis: a misdiagnosis using MR angiography. Neurocrit Care 8:290-292, 2008
71. Wu YW, Miller SP, Chin K, Collins AE, Lomeli SC, Chuang NA, et al. Multiple risk factors in neonatal sinovenous thrombosis. Neurology 59:438-440, 2002
72. Yoshikawa T, Abe O, Tsuchiya K, Okubo T, Tobe K, Masumoto T, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of dural sinus thrombosis. Neuroradiology 44:481-488, 2002
73. Zhang A, Collinson RL, Hurst RW, Weigele JB. Rheolytic thrombectomy for cerebral sinus thrombosis. Neurocrit Care 9:17-26, 2008
74. Zouaoui A, Hidden G. Cerebral venous sinuses: anatomical variants or thrombosis? Acta Anat (Basel) 133:318-324, 1988